RE: WHO to restart COVID drug trial with focus on immune responses11 May 2021 02:54
Hi Ahfam from October 2010, Just a reminder
There is substantial evidence in the scientific literature to suggest that inhibitors of TYK2/JAK1 signalling could address the severe inflammatory responses (the "cytokine storm") and potentially fatal respiratory symptoms of Covid-19 and other viral infections.
Several clinical trials with JAK kinase inhibitors have been started to investigate the potential of targeting this pathway as a therapeutic approach. On 8 October 2020, Eli Lilly & Co. reported promising data from its Phase 3 trials of baricitinib, which inhibits JAK1/JAK2 kinase-mediated cytokine release, in hospitalised Covid-19 patients. The data showed that baricitinib in combination with the anti-viral drug remdesivir significantly reduced the time to recovery vs remdesivir alone, particularly in patients that required supplemental oxygen. Mortality was also decreased, again more pronounced in patients receiving oxygen.
Sareum has applied for grant funding to conduct preliminary laboratory studies investigating the ability of its TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors to modulate (down-regulate) the overactive immune system in relevant cellular and mouse disease models.
From recent Patent description
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase TYK2 plays essential roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. A lack of TYK2 expression manifests in the attenuated signalling of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and a profound imbalance in T helper cell differentiation. Furthermore, evidence from genetic association studies supports that TYK2 is a shared autoimmune disease susceptibility gene. Taken together, these reasons suggest TYK2 as a target for the treatment of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
Several JAK family inhibitors have been reported in the literature which may be useful in the medical field ( Ghoreschi et al, 2009. Immunol Rev, 228:273-287 ). It is expected that a selective TYK2 inhibitor that inhibits TYK2 with greater potency than JAK2 may have advantageous therapeutic properties, because inhibition of JAK2 can cause anemia ( Ghoreschi et al, 2009. Nature Immunol. 4, 356-360 ).
Even though TYK2 inhibitors are known in the art there is a need for providing additional TYK2 inhibitors having at least partially more effective pharmaceutically relevant properties, like activity, selectivity especially over JAK2 kinase, and ADMET properties. Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a new class of compounds as TYK2 inhibitors which preferably show selectivity over JAK2 and may be effective in the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders associated with TYK2.
Covid 19 causes of cytokine storm ( source wikipedia)
IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, Interferon gamma and TNF alpha.
IL-2, IL-6 covered by Tyk 2 , TNA alpha along with IL-10 and type 2 interferon ( of which there is only one interferon gamma covered by JAK1.
Not sure about IL-1. Tired and sleep time. But the above looks extremely promising so far amd GS-CSF controlled by