RE: Anyone else getting the impression....5 Mar 2021 01:34
@JTMAC
Forward selling ( by the MM ) is not necessary them going short. Forward selling is usually applied to selling with a longer period between trade date and standard settlement date for the respective market. Forward selling is common when warrants are being converted to ordinary shares. Common assumption is when the RNS states converted shares will be listed on a future date is they cannot be sold until that date.
Wrong because a trade can be created in advance by the company broker to deliver the shares to the holder of the
( converted wts) so even if the shareholders had no current position, the fact they have in effect a forward date buy ( the conversion delivery ) on their trading account means they can instruct a sale, just as long as the settlement date if the sale is agreed to be no earlier than the conversion delivery.
If the MM borrows stock to settle the MMs sale they need to put up collateral against the value of the stock they borrowed plus a margin. Collateral can be cash and or stock ( from a long position in another stock ). The short position by itself is treated as cash positive just as the long position is cash negative.
Once you start to look at the collateral side then it gets more complicated.
For example in the UK Euroclear ( CREST ) clearing system divisions of big banks including MMs can use collateral trade types DBV ( delivery by values ). These are cash only trades which one side will pay the other cash ( usually tens or £ hundreds of millions). The trade is unwound automatically the next day at a slightly higher value to reflect the one night loan. Interest on the loan is defined by the class of shares put up as collateral. Ie FTSE 100
The DBV trade in itself when matched up in Crest can list up to 100 stocks that are automatically allocated to the trade as the collateral.
Re the question on MMS trading with each other, that is pretty difficult to determine and usually takes place in the auctions.