NASA battery tech (nickel-hydrogen)26 Sep 2023 08:44
This has been getting a bit of publicity recently; certainly one approach to keep an eye on:
https://spectrum.ieee.org/grid-scale-battery-storage-nickel-hydrogen
"Technologies for space are designed to be tough, safe, and long-lasting. So what happens when you bring the battery chemistry deployed on the International Space Station, nickel-hydrogen, down to Earth?
“[It’s] the most durable battery ever invented,” says Jorg Heinemann. Nickel-hydrogen batteries, he says, can last for 30,000 charge cycles, is fireproof, and outperforms lithium-ion batteries on a number of key metrics for energy storage at the large scale.
Heinemann is CEO of EnerVenue, a Fremont, California-based nickel-hydrogen battery manufacturer. “Our cost is comparable to where lithium-ion is going, and we use earth-abundant materials,” he says. “Nickel is the most expensive thing we use. We operate at a ninety percent round-trip efficiency, more efficient than lithium-ion. And there’s basically no maintenance on this battery, it was designed for sending up on a rocket ship into outer space.”
Nickel-hydrogen batteries can run for tens of thousands of cycles, giving them a life of over 30 years.
This fall, the company will finish construction of a 92,900 square-meter gigafactory in Kentucky that will start by making up to five gigawatt-hours’ worth of batteries annually. He projects the facility will reach its full capacity when it’s churning out 20 GWh of cells per year."