Tungsten commentary...11 Aug 2016 23:25
...from WH Ireland. Lifted from their report today on REM.
Tungsten
Tungsten (formula W) has the highest melting point of all metals at 3422°C with a boiling point of 5700°C, equivalent to the temperature of the sun, together with the lowest coefficient of expansion of all metals while being one of the densest metals in the periodic table. It is these basic properties that mean that tungsten is not so easily replaceable in its applications. It has many uses: incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes (as both the filament and target), electrodes in TIG welding, superalloys, and radiation shielding. About half of all demand is for tungsten carbide, a durable carbon alloy producing what is called “hard metals”. Its hardness and high density also mean it is useful in military applications and its compounds are also often used as industrial catalysts.
The use of tungsten is linked to industrial applications means that consumption is heavily linked to global GDP. Major producers are in China (>80% of mine production) and there are only 2 producers outside China which have production >3kt/a tungsten concentrate: at Drakelands (UK) and Nui Phao (Vietnam). However, China consumes most tungsten domestically and is exporting less and less; it’s mines are old, deepening and high cost. Demand continues to grow in North America and Europe and a new mine of >3kt/a concentrate will be required to maintain a balanced market. Europe is becoming an increasingly important source of tungsten.
Global production is in the order of 100kt/a WO3.
There is no terminal market for tungsten and prices quoted are for APT – Ammonium Paratungstate – (NH4)[H2W12O42].4H2O – the main intermediate material – is quoted in metric tonne units (mtu). There are several quoted reference prices, the European, North American or Chinese (APT) prices. These are general prices and a representative guide to regional supply and demand; however, are all broadly similar and tend to follow the Chinese APT price.
We believe the supply/demand picture supports a strong price and we set our long-term price at $350/mtu APT.