RE: The way to combat market manipulation12 Aug 2019 10:59
Further evidence today for the forthcoming law suit I would say:
Spoofing is the placement of a high volume of trading orders at a price equal to or better (i.e., lower) than the best-bid-best-offer price and subsequently cancelling these orders to move the price in a given direction without actually concluding any trades. For example, consider a stock where the current best offer is £9.99 per share. A spoofer might place a high volume of sell orders at £9.98, causing the best offer to decline to £9.98, immediately cancel those sell orders before they can execute, and then place a high volume of new sell orders at £9.97. The strategy of repeatedly placing and cancelling sell orders at or below the best offer without actually selling any shares artificially drives down the share price.
Layering is similar to spoofing, except that instead of placing and cancelling a high volume of orders at the best offer price, the manipulator places these orders deeper in the order book, at prices above the best offer. Continuing the prior example, suppose the manipulator worries that the artificially "spoofed" sell orders at £9.98 will be inadvertently executed before they can be cancelled. Instead of placing these orders at £9.98 (or £9.99, the original best offer), the manipulator may place a high volume of orders at £10.01, £10.05, or some other price slightly above £9.99. These orders are virtually certain not to be filled but they affect pricing by suggesting falsely that there is a large volume of shares for sale.