Colin Linkedin9 Nov 2021 13:49
Developments in the US relating to the passing of the infrastructure bill have huge implications for road #safety & companies developing safety tech such as #DMS.
The legislation includes an update to the New Car Assessment Program #NCAP & elements of both the Stay Aware For Everyone (SAFE) and Reduce Impaired Driving for Everyone (RIDE) Acts.
Highway safety advocates talk of the 4 "Ds" of driving: Distracted, Drowsy, Drunk & Drugged. Drowsy, drunk & drugged driving are forms of impairment & the US legislation can be viewed as tackling impaired driving. Vision-based DMS is the primary safety tech which can measure & assess in real-time the driver's attention level, impairment status and engagement state as related to accident risk.
Europe's General Safety Regulation #GSR has focused more on distraction & drowsiness. US legislation is focused more on impairment (drunk and, in future, drugged). Automakers will likely adopt DMS which provides signals for all possible states, to front-run future changes in policy. Europe & the US are extremely likely to harmonize aspects of their highway safety policies, thus simplifying design decisions & amortizing costs for automakers.
DMS is a system, not just software. These are the critical system considerations:
1. Optical path expertise, leading to reliable, robust & stable measurements of driver head pose, eye-gaze vector, blinks & eye opening in every conceivable operating environment & lighting situation.
2. Availability of training data to train the AI algorithms.
3. Proven competence in human factors & behavioral research, to translate the raw data of driver's eye-gaze & glance patterns into high-level signals for distraction (cognitive & visual), drowsiness, engagement, impairment (drunk & drugged) and driver workload assessment.
To permit the volume growth associated with legislation, system costs must be massively reduced. Automakers look set to adopt an interior camera in the rear-view mirror assembly, with a local processor performing real-time image analytics. This could easily account for 50-70% of all installed DMS units, with the infotainment processor running DMS taking much of the remainder.
The mirror assembly has both space & thermal limitations. Power & price are both costs and automakers are limited to about a 6W power budget for a processor in the mirror, leading towards a hardware optimized solution for the image processor. In time we are likely to see DMS ASICs, but in the short-term, processors such as Xilinx Zynq-7000 & TI Sitara could be very popular.
This leads to a fourth critical system competence for DMS providers: hardware acceleration (silicon optimization). The lowest cost "hardware agnostic" software is of no use in the mirror scenario if it must be run on a high-performance processor that exceeds the 6W power budget.
These, and other, issues are discussed further here: https://lnkd.in/dyp_6y7B