Equity preservation pt120 Dec 2023 12:19
I was thinking about the situation we’re in from the point of view of equity preservation and whether it has value.
I’ve put together some figures which are just illustrative but very loosely based on this situation. Some baseline assumptions:- NPV £1 billion, 400 million shares in issue, target share price £2.00 ((NPV x 80%)/400 million). The main equity holder has 25%. Their average being £1.00 having invested £100 million, target value £200 million, (£100 million profit, 100%). A funding raise is required of £200 million.
Raise by 100% debt. This will have an effect on NPV and hence the target share price. For argument sake let’s reduce the NPV by £50 million. Therefore, the new target share price will be £1.90 ((NPV x 80%)/400 million). The main equity holder target value £190 million, £90 million profit, 90%.
Raise by 100% equity. The key here is the number of new shares that are issued and the strike point. Let’s be extreme and consider two points, 10p and £1. Assuming that an even uptake across all equity holders.
At 10p to raise £200 million you need 2 billion new shares. Therefore, the new target share price will be £0.333 ((NPV x 80%)/2400 million). Assuming the main equity holder still has 25%, 600 million shares. Their average being £0.25 having invested £150 million, target value £200 million. £50 million profit, 33%.
At £1 to raise £200 million you need 200 million new shares. Therefore, the new target share price will be £1.333 ((NPV x 80%)/600 million). Assuming the main equity holder still has 25%, 150 million shares. Their average being £1.00 having invested £150 million, target value £200 million. £50 million profit, 33%.
The illustration shows that debt preserves the equity better. The strike point for a rise given an even uptake doesn’t have a differing effect on the equity loss.
The difference comes in where there is an unequal equity uptake.
At 10p to raise £200 million you need 2 billion new shares. Therefore, the new target share price will be £0.333 ((NPV x 80%)/2400 million). Assuming the main equity takes 1 billion of those shares so holding 1100 million shares, 45.8%. Their average being £0.18 having invested £200 million, target value £366 million. £166 million profit, 83%.
At £1 to raise £200 million you need 200 million new shares. Therefore, the new target share price will be £1.333 ((NPV x 80%)/600 million). Assuming the main equity takes 100 million of those shares so holding 200 million shares, 33.3%. Their average being £1.00 having invested £200 million, target value £266 million. £66 million profit, 33%.
The real rub is for the LTH who doesn’t want to invest more. The target share price for debt is £1.90, for 10p raise 33p and for a £1 raise £1.33.
The best option for both the main equity holder and the PIs is debt. Next best for the main equity holder is a raise at the lowest price and taking lots of shares, which is the worst for the PI.