Autophagy4 Dec 2022 14:19
This is an interesting recent article on Autophagy
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41418-019-0474-7
The article is mainly concerned with how to inhibit Autophagy at the 5 different stages the process goes through.
Here is part of the summary at the end:
"The real question is not whether we should or should not target autophagy. Instead, we should focus on how to do so in a way that will maximize the benefit. This could include improved drugs to manipulate autophagy and improved clinical trial design and patient selection. By understanding the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy elicits its effects on tumor behavior and combining this knowledge with a better understanding of how our deliberate interventions to target the pathway actually work, it may be possible to build on the examples described above and develop rationally based interventions to control and manipulate this process to improve treatment."
Lindy, in contrast, realises that autophagy leads to a stress induced post-translational modification called citrullination and she and her team have designed Modi1 to target citrullinated proteins (or rather epitopes).
This is an entirely different approach that does not seek to restrict Autophagy but rather encourage it since it provides the ubiquitous targets required by Modi1.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356063197_Citrullinated_Epitopes_Identified_on_Tumour_MHC_Class_II_by_Peptide_Elution_Stimulate_Both_Regulatory_and_Th1_Responses_and_Require_Careful_Selection_for_Optimal_Anti-Tumour_Responses
Modi1 is unique because Scancell have cornered the market on citrullinated epitopes as targets for cancer via patents.
It is worth a quick reminder of the members of the grand challenge team who were to support Lindy in developing Modi3.
1. Project Blueprint Team
Prof LG Durrant University of Nottingham Scancell Ltd., Nottingham
Prof Sahin TRON, Mainz BioNTech, Mainz
Prof Melief University of Leiden ISA pharmaceuticals, Leiden
Prof Mellman Genentech, South San Francisco
Prof Cerundulo University of Oxford
Prof Balachandran Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
Prof de Vries Radboud University, Nijmegen
Prof Platten German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
University Hospital Mannheim Heidelberg University
Prof Rammensee Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen
Dr Benham University of Durham
Prof Ottensmeier University of Southampton
Prof Jaeger National Center for Tumor Diseases University Medical Center Heidelberg German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg
Prof Pandurangan La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology
Prof Mehanna University of Birmingham
That team, more than anything else IMO, gives credence to the notion that Moditope is potentially very special indeed.
I am a football fan, but I do agree with Rats that Moditope is more interesting.