RE: Naive2 Dec 2022 12:29
Its a bit complicated but to have a go at the theory. (What actually happens is even more complicated).
Stock exchanges act something like continuous auctions. To get a price, someone needs to be buying and someone needs to be selling so the share changes hands. I.E. you both agree to buy and sell at 8p, then the share price is 8p. (In practice, since market makers facilitate the transaction and need to make money, its more like someone has to agree to sell at say 7.5p and someone buys at 8p, with the market maker making the cut in the middle).
You can think of buys and sells as stacks. Because lets say you want to buy a share. You'd be happy at 8p. But also at 7p, 6p, 5p etc. And if you wanted to sell, you'd be happy with 8p - but also 9p, 10p, 12p etc. Since shares are discrete, you have to push to the front of the queue. If you really want to buy, there's no point saying "I'll buy at 7p" say, if sellers are offering 8p, and someone else is buying all those shares at 8p. You have to push up and offer 8p to get some. (And vice versa for sellers). To get to the front of the queue you need to offer the highest price to buy - or the lowest price to sell.
So in this case, I suspect a lot of small investors have gone "I'm sick of this, I'm out" - and have decided to sell their shares. Well there weren't enough (indeed, there possibly weren't any) people willing to buy them at 13p. And since people wanted to be at the front of the queue - they dropped the price down lower. 10p, 9p, 8p, etc. They have to lower the price to a level people are willing to buy them to do that. So even though it looks like there's a lot of buyers, the price won't rise until all the people willing to sell at 8p have sold - and that stack has effectively been used up.
What will push it up is this process in reverse. Someone wants to buy. Initially they buy up all those willing to sell at 8p. Then 9p. Then 10p etc. If the market collectively went "this is stupid, I'll buy 1 million more shares at 8p then" you'd potentially find they wouldn't be able to. If the market then said "okay, I'll have 1 million at 9p" the market would move up to 9p etc. (As said, in practice its a bit complex because the market makers are trying to keep this all balanced behidn the scenes, hence the regular accusations of manipulation etc - but in theory that's what would happen).