Member Info for WedME

@SilentP. Thank you. While I'm happy to discuss my personal points and research on matters, it would be unethical of me to discuss hospital matters and decisions. I will, however, go so far as to say that hospitals are very aware of the MAP pathway in general. Especially in this pandemic setting. And results of successful treatments are communicated extensively to other hospitals and treatment centres.

Thank you guys for the kind words. And thank you all again for the great research you've done. We're all in this together - both with this investment and the pandemic - so I'm happy to do a small part to add to what you all have done.

The strong science behind this stock is why I've invested in it and why I pay zero attention to any derampers trying to sow seeds of doubt. The more we know about the underlying science; the less their opinions matter.

It is also why the ups and downs of the current SP do not matter to me either. There is so much in the pipeline now, and we've seen how quickly this thing moves up on good news, that I would certainly not want to be out.

Unlike the other big biotech mover's products, this isn't a test or an app etc. It's a genuine science-backed treatment towards a worldwide pandemic and other diseases that enslave so many on the planet.

If you see how much some companies have grown this year on simply having a Covid-19 test; just imagine the potential growth of a company that has a cure.

Sleep done and back to work now. I certainly picked the busiest specialization. Have a brilliant Sunday everyone. I hope someone enjoys a nice and rather large drink for me.

Wed

I've averaged about 1-2 hours sleep per night this week because of the work with this pandemic so I won't be posting as much but I thought I'd add these pieces which I wrote during my very rare moments of personal time to provide you all with some information after all this board has provided. Thank you guys for all the great research. Sounds like some very exciting times ahead for this company. I look forward to some more sleep with SNG001's increasing availability.

Wed

Part 5.

With vaccine efficiency being estimated at 30% and the strong adverse effects seen with both antibody and vaccine treatment of this unique virus, the strongest treatment with the best clinical data by far is SNG001. There has been no other treatment with anywhere near its efficiency against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Unlike other treatments in development, it directly targets the virus and its symptoms. Interferon beta-1a is a natural part of the immune system and the greatest defender against viral threat. 

COVID-19’s suppression of interferon beta-1a is directly why the disease is able to cause such terrible short- and long-term damage. 

This makes SNG001 the strongest and best treatment available to stop the virus and return a sense of normality to our society. 

Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2: https://www.pnas.org/content/117/21/11727#:~:text=A%20virus%20surface%20spike%20protein,proteolytically%20activated%20by%20human%20proteases.&text=These%20features%20may%20contribute%20to%20the%20wide%20spread%20of%20the%20virus.

Systemic activation seen with COVID-19 patients: https://www.pnas.org/content/117/40/25018#:~:text=with%20viral%20load.-,Systemic%20complement%20activation%20is%20associated%20with%20respiratory%20failure%20in%20COVID,inhibitors%20in%20future%20clinical%20trials.

SARS-CoV-2 in lower temperatures: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.12.336818v1

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein similarity with HIV: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7141560/

Signs of early fibrosis in COVID-19 patients: https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1181121.shtml

Other antiviral drugs fail: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/10/study-hiv-drug-no-benefit-hospitalized-covid-patients

Lung comparison of COVID-19 and ARDS patients: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2015432

Comparison of SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-do-sars-and-mers-compare-with-covid-19#Coronaviruses-past-and-present

Part 4.

The truly unique quality of SNG001 lies in its patented formula and mode of delivery. It is able to be delivered in nebulised form directly to the lungs, the main site of infection, at a lower dose than the S.C. and I.V. versions of interferon beta-1a which need to travel through the blood to reach the lungs.

Higher blood values of interferon beta-1a is directly linked to adverse side effects which has been an issue with its uses as treatment. SNG001, however, with its nebulised inhaled delivery form does not have those same adverse effects as the resulting interferon beta-1a blood levels are only one-tenth of those seen with the S.C. and I.V versions. This truly sets it apart from other treatments as well as its ability to be used with corticosteroids; something that is not able with the S.C. and I.V. versions of the drug.

In short SNG001's nebulised interferon beta-1a cannot be compared to the other versions as it is much more effective and bioavailable without the adverse effects.

Not to mention that the nebulized form of interferon beta-1a is far less invasive than the S.C. or I.V.

Part 3.

In effect the most effective part of this virus lies with its ability to keep the host alive while it causes this damage, allowing the infection to spread to others. The reason the «Spanish flu» died out was because it was «too effective» at killing the host which eventually stopped further infection. In SARS-CoV-2 the host is, in many cases, able to infect and reinfect others over a longer period resulting in a much higher and prolonged disease rate. This is also why COVID-19 won’t die out on its own and will continue to worsen, especially in the coming winter months where it has it proven to have a greater infection ability in lower temperatures. Not to mention that those with the seasonal flu have a 6 times higher rate of mortality if they contract COVID-19. 

This is why interferon beta-1a is so important to counter the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It stops over-activisation of the immune system which causes the autoimmune damage by the body and terminates the virus ability to replicate. Effectively and efficiently eliminating the virus and aiding in the healing of damaged tissue. 

Part 2.

Since one of the most common way of entry, and in so infection, is through the nasal passage, the first symptoms are often a loss of smell or taste as the virus begins to infect and damage cells as it moves through the nasal cavity towards the lungs in search of more ACE-2 receptors - finally reaching the deepest part of the lungs, the alveoli, which are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. These cells are the main target of attack from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus uses its unique spike protein to attach and infiltrate the type 2 alveolar cells as it begins to replicate. The cells then attempt to alert the immune system to respond to the viral threat. However, the virus, through the up-regulation of anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a, downregulates the body’s antiviral defence, interferon beta-1a. Without the defence of interferon beta-1a; the virus the able to continue to hijack the host cells and create copies of its biological code; flooding the alveolar cavity with more virus and destroying the host cells. 

The direct result of this is a build-up of fluid in the lungs as the body tries to defend itself from the viral threat. This build-up of fluid causes pneumonia and shortness of breath - two main symptoms seen with COVID-19 patients. 

Without interferon beta-1a to stop the viral replication; the virus is left to continue its attack. This causes an extreme over-activation of the immune system which floods the infected area with white blood cells that attack both infected and healthy cells in a desperate way to counter the viral threat without the body's main antiviral tool - interferon beta-1a. This causes mass inflammation resulting in a further build-up of fluid and debris in the alveolar cavity resulting in the impairment of the cells ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is this mass inflammation, and fluid build-up, which eventually leads to multi-organ failure and septic shock. The virus moves from the lungs to affect other organs including the heart, kidneys, brain, and liver. 

Further evidence is now being seen with neurological, or brain damage, caused by the virus resulting in seizures, confusion, and delirium. 

Part 1.

How the SARS-COV-2 virus infiltrates the body and why nebulised interferon beta-1a, SNG001, is the most crucial treatment in eliminating the viral threat.  

The SARS-COV-2 virus differs from other viral threats with its unique spike protein packaging which targets the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, or ACE2, receptor cells that line the surface of many important human cells, including the type 2 alveolar cells located in the lungs. 

This is why the lungs are the so called ‘ground zero’ for the SARS-COV-2 cell entry and why nebulised interferon beta-1a, SNG001, delivered directly to the lungs - the site of initial infection - is of utmost importance in both the treatment and prevention of viral infection and the damage caused by the body’s over-activated immune system response. 

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an ‘RNA’ virus which comes packaged in a lipid cell membrane which is then covered by its unique spike proteins which allows a much greater cell infiltration than that seen with other respiratory diseases such as SARS and MERS. In effect it is a ‘perfect’ infiltration virus which is able to access to the human cells in a way not seen with previous respiratory viral threats. This is why COVID-19 has been characterised by Dr Zhiyong, the director of Zhongnan Hospital’s intensive care unit in Wuhan, as «a combination of SARS and AIDS» as it causes severe damage to the lungs and immune system. 

Early stage COVID-19 infection causes fibrosis, or scaring, of the lungs which if left untreated leads to irreversible damage and renders further treatment, such as oxygen support, ineffective. 

Part 4.

In conclusion this information means SNG001 can be used over short and long periods of time without the adverse effects seen with the IV and S.C. versions, and unlike the other two can be used both safely and effectively with corticosteroids, which is crucial in interferon beta 1-a’s use as a therapeutic during this pandemic - where steroid use is seen as an essential part of treatment - and in treatment of respiratory, autoimmune, cancer and other diseases. 

Because of the widespread of this pandemic; the need for many treatment forms is needed due to that fact that one is simply not able to treat everyone. Thus the two other forms of interferon beta-1a will hopefully have a place in treatment of COVID-19. This post is to differentiate between the three main forms of interferon beta-1a’s modes of delivery and their resulting effect; not to adversely speak against the use of IV and S.C. versions which will no doubt also be of use to many people during this pandemic and beyond.

Wed

Long term use of interferon beta-1a treatment: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27237769/

Systemic activation seen with COVID-19 patients: https://www.pnas.org/content/117/40/25018#:~:text=with%20viral%20load.-,Systemic%20complement%20activation%20is%20associated%20with%20respiratory%20failure%20in%20COVID,inhibitors%20in%20future%20clinical%20trials.

Lung comparison of COVID-19 and ARDS patients: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2015432

Steroids limits interferon beta-1a signalling: 

https://mcb.asm.org/content/30/19/4564

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235433/

Failure in use of intravenous interferon beta-1a in ARDS patients: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32065831/

Synairgen current trial data: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14241621

Part 3.

The thing that truly sets SNG001 apart from the others, in efficiency and side effects, is it’s patented mode of delivery. The use of interferon beta-1a as treatment in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases lie in the ability to get interferon beta-1a to the lungs in the most efficient way to stop the inflammatory process caused by the autoimmune response and resulting tissue damage. Many of the adverse side effects seen with the IV and S.C. versions of interferon beta-1a arise from their mode of delivery to the lungs. They must travel through the blood stream to reach the lungs and this is where the most adverse side effects arise and result in a lower bioavailability of the drug. The higher the blood levels of exogenous interferon beta-1a the more severe the side effects are seen. The S.C. version has been seen to actually increase the severity of autoimmune illness due to it’s delivery form and further sets it apart from SNG001. This is why SNG001 is so unique. It is able to mimic the SARS-COV-2 virus itself and directly deliver interferon beta-1a to the lungs which immediately begins to stop the replication of the virus and thus aids in the healing. This is why SNG001 had such remarkable results from the hospital trials with a 79% reduction in development of severe disease and over twice as quick recovery time without severe side effects. 

The reason for the lack of adverse side effects with SNG001 lies in the fact that by nebulising interferon beta-1a; it is able to be delivered at a lower dose directly to the lungs to be instantly taken up by the cells and thus bypassing the need to use the blood stream as a carrier. The result is that interferon beta-1a blood levels seen with SNG001 are only one-tenth of those seen with IV and S.C. versions. Hence drastically diminishing any side effects and maximising SNG001’s bioavailability. The effective low dose delivered directly to the target area is also why SNG001 can be used over the whole course of disease treatment, with other drugs, rather than just as a preventative or early treatment.

Part 2.

Before the nebulised version of interferon beta-1a - SNG001 - the two main versions of interferon beta-1a treatment have been subcutaneous and intravenous. While these have shown efficiency in treatment of various diseases, their achilles heel, so to say, has been their history of adverse side effects which include flu-like symptoms, headache, joint pain, sores, liver damage, depression, ubiquitary arthralgia, and, rather ironic in this setting, shortness of breath. 

The lung damage seen in COVID-19 patients share many similarities to the lung damage seen in ARDS patients and has been documented in comparative autopsies of COVID-19 and ARDS patients. This is of particular interest as one of the main versions of IV interferon beta-1a currently in phase testing, and WHO trials, failed to show any significant effect towards the treatment of ARDS vs placebo in a randomised clinical trial published in a peer reviewed paper and results did not support the use of intravenous interferon beta-1a as treatment and management of ARDS. Adverse effects seen in this trial included fever, rigors, and tachycardia. 

One of the biggest issues with the IV and S.C. interferon beta-1a versions as treatment, however, is seen with their inability to be efficiently used with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone, a primary treatment for COVID-19 patients, due to their dampening of anti-viral responses and inhibitory effect on interferon beta-1a signalling. 

They cannot, in other words, be used with dexamethasone which greatly diminishes their use as treatment in a COVID-19 and respiratory illness setting. This has enormous implications as SNG001 has been proven to work extremely well with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone, and with it’s patented use with steroids makes it a game changing drug in the treatment of COVID-19 and ARDS patients, to name but a few. 

Part 1.

I was saddened about the WHO trial news regarding the S.C. and IV. versions of interferon beta-1a as the more treatments available against COVID-19 the better.

However, I was not surprised and that's why I wrote this piece last week showing the differences between those versions and SNG001. Due to the nebulized mode of delivery, SNG001 is completely different in its bioavailability and effectiveness. Now you see why I continually mention SNG001's unique ability to be used with corticosteroids.

The medical reasons are why I'm invested here and not with the other versions of Interferon Beta-1a.

So here again is my summary of the differences and the science behind why SNG001 differs from the rest.

All links to evidence are at the end of this series of posts.

In the treatment of COVID-19 patients - the use of interferon beta-1a has received a growing recognition as a primary source of treatment in both prophyatic treatment and during the course of the disease. There are several versions of interferon beta-1a currently undergoing trials. In this post I will differentiate between the main three versions under investigation as use for treatment of both COVID-19 patients and other diseases. I will submit evidence toward why I believe SNG001 would be considered the most efficient therapeutic with fewest side effects of the three in relation to treatment.

We know now from various peer reviewed studies that COVID-19 causes an over-reaction of the immune system through the up-regulation of anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a and their resulting down-regulation of the body’s natural antiviral interferon beta-1a production - the body’s strongest viral defence. Without the anti-viral effect of interferon beta-1a, and it’s ability to efficiently stop the virus from replicating, the immune system is kicked into overdrive in an attempt to defend itself from harm. This effect unfortunately mimics an autoimmune disease and causes the body to falsely target healthy tissue for destruction resulting in ‘Long Covid’ - a similar effect seen with Lupus and MS - two autoimmune diseases. This damaging effect is particularly seen in the lungs as they are the entry point of the SARS-COV-2 virus and thus the first affected by the tissue damage caused by the autoimmune response. 

To combat this autoimmune effect; the need for exogenous interferon beta-1a is seen as crucial in both prophyatic treatment and during the course of the disease in order to counter the viral threat and restore balance to the immune system.

However, not all interferon beta-1a treatment versions are equal in their efficiency, bioavailability, and resulting side effects. 

Coming off a very long shift and seeing 'blue skies' at night here is certainly the pick me up I needed. Things are already bad in hospitals and I have basically be asked to be in constant emergency work for the next 6 months as wards are filling up. I dread the next few months.

Glad SNG001 is on the way.

With yet another vaccine trial halted, this time it is Johnson and Johnson, it's strange that it is not a ramp to say that the £50 valuation of Synairgen stock is looking more and more likely. Certainly if you look at the supporting evidence towards SNG001 unique multi use ability in a COVID-19 setting. Not to mention it's many other uses with other illness and disease outside of the pandemic.

Now the three main vaccines, AZ, Moderna, and J&J, have all been halted due to 'issues'. The evidence that vaccines cause the same autoimmune issues as COVID-19 is growing daily. SNG001 will, rather ironically, be needed to treat people who receive vaccines.

As I previously mentioned I believe this SP will grow both in short and long term because of the rather incredible 'caterpillar drug', with it's many legs, that SNG001 is. I spat my Yorkshire tea out when I read of it's successful use with corticosteroids. I love my tea so that is very telling of how surprised and excited I was and still am.

Let's be honest; this winter is gonna really get bad. And it already is in many areas.

Good that salvation is on the way.

Have a great week everyone.

Wed

Thank you for the kind words. This board has so many good posters and researchers. Great to be a part of it

Happy to answer, Glen. I can't sleep much anymore anyway. Too many late nights. I think that's a very interesting point you make. I think we'll see SNG001 trialed with serveral other drugs when it becomes fully available. Shortages of current treatment, and an ever growing pandemic, means new paths need to be taken to keep up.

I don't think there is a government conspiracy in regards to SNG001. I think that once approval for SNG001 is granted it will be heavily backed. I think things move fairly quickly. I'm very sure of this product and the company's growth both short and long term. A lot of positives next week. I just hope I'm able to find the time to follow it all.

@oilmanmike. Thank you! Yes, anyone can use them if they want. Anything I write here can be used with my permission.

@gkb47 I think you need to reread my posts as you have, either willing or not, misunderstood them.

@glen. I think the updated patent for use with steroids shows that it is something they are working further on as we speak. It would surely be something they might be involving in the current trial which would certainly speed things up with in regards further testing.

The positive results they already do have for use with corticosteroids really sets them apart from the other versions of Interferon Beta-1a and is groundbreaking - especially since there wasn't a case of a severe adverse reaction. They know they have something special with the steroid combo in this pandemic which I think is part of the reason to focus completely on COVID-19 and surely something they will update us further on shortly.

In regards to your second question; I think it will be possible to get an emergency approval on the current data because interferon beta-1a is well known. This isn't a new drug, it is a new delivery form and there have been plenty of instances where that has been enough to grant use. They could even be granted a rolling emergency approval based on the ongoing trial with further positive data so there are several paths that can be taken. I think the current WHO trials with S.C. and IV interferon beta-1a will actually work in Synairgen's favour in regards to approval.

Thanks all. Happy to do my small part with all the other great research this board has posted. I've got to sleep a bit before next weeks long shifts begin so can't answer all questions now but I'll try to answer a couple.

@gkb47. Answer to point 1: SNG001 has received plenty of mention by people of repute including the UK health minister. And part of Sir Holgate's knighthood revolved partly around his work in developing SNG001 so the powers that be are aware. Certainly makes next week very exciting.

There is a also, as I mentioned, a need for many different treatments that this will be in high demand. I have yet to see a drug with better clinical outcomes, including Faron's Traumakine, which you posted, and has had many setbacks including the ARDS study, cannot be used with steroids, and has adverse side effects. But I do hope can be of help to those who need it one day.

Point 2 safety.  I'm not entirely sure why you have raised this point as i make it very clear that the S.C and IV versions have a place and work. Just not with steroids, without side effects, or use throughout the duration of the disease. I am also fully aware of the fact that the WHO continue to use IV and S.C. versions of interferon beta-1a in trials. Those versions have been around for many years and of course would be used. Interferon beta-1a is thought of as a primary source of treatment and any trials would of course contain those two versions.

The link to the Japanese study was to prove that the s.c version interferon beta-1a can be used over a long period of time albeit with adverse side effects so I think you have misunderstood my point of adding it.

I have also pointed out many times that COVID-19 affects many organs and tissue; not just the lungs. However, the lungs are the entry point and first affected which makes them the primary target in COVID-19 therapeutics as I mentioned. Not to mention it is much less invasive than the S.C or IV versions.

The science behind SNG001's long term use is clearly outlined in my posts as well.