RE: 8th member joins APIKUR16 Dec 2023 14:35
First, no surprise on the 8th member (GKP's partner).
Any move to a fixed amount per barrel is a mistake for Iraq. There's a material difference between capex, opex and a return for doing the work (aka until known as Profit Oil). The latter falls well within $8 per barrel. Opex has been $3-3.40 per barrel. Capex much higher still reflecting the development nature of the field. GKP makes no margin on the last two. They're merely the instrument of the KRG, consulting on and implementing an agreed plan (the FDP) on their behalf. The only risk they take with respect to field development is that in relation to being reimbursed for capex and opex and the extent to which it affects their Profit Oil stream.
Iraq would be foolish to move too far away from the present scheme. Under it they reap the lion's share of any value created (albeit they shoulder the lion's share of field development risk). GKP would be foolish to shoulder more of the risk of field development also.
The debate ought to centre around the (gross) 'profit' going to the IOCs for implementing the field development and operating the field - the Profit Oil component. As of our last regular receipt (September '22 production) this was $4.14 per barrel net to GKP or, more relevantly re the proposed $8, $6.73 per barrel to the Contractor (gross of the GKP CBC). Under the present PSC this is a variable number. It shifts higher as production shifts from Cost Oil to Profit Oil and shifts lower as more production is realised and the R Factor rises. But in general the margin is small (and from this margin the IOCs must cover their non-recoverable G&A expenses and GKP pays a CBC also).
If the IOCs are to really bear the risks around capex and opex (which a move to a fixed amount per barrel produced would do) then their required return would have to be much higher. Operating costs were circa $3-3.4 per barrel (one could figure out a more accurate figure within this range) and capex per barrel an amount on top of that. The IOCs would have to earn a margin on these costs, particularly capex given it is investment now for a future return. They'd also need much more freedom (since they bear risks) around the FDP.