Dengue Crisis...Test Test Test3 Mar 2023 15:39
What is driving Bolivia’s worst dengue crisis in 25 years?
Field hospitals open in Santa Cruz to help ease the burden engulfing its medical centres
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/what-driving-bolivias-worst-dengue-crisis-25-years/
On a pharmacy storefront in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, eastern Bolivia, a sign bears an image of a man clutching his forehead and cartoon mosquitoes whizzing nearby.
“If the fever and pain doesn’t stop, try paracetamol,” it reads – a reminder that, in the thick of the country's worst dengue fever outbreak for 25 years, a vaccine or even relief remains wanting.
Bolivia’s Ministry of Health has reported more than 11,000 cases of the disease, while 33 people have died, mostly children. Multiple regions, including Santa Cruz and La Paz, are now under a red epidemiological alert.
Late last week, a field hospital opened in Plan 3000, a neighbourhood in central Santa Cruz, with 30 beds set up in a sports field to help share the burden now engulfing its medical centres.
Ninety doctors have been dispatched there to both provide on-site care and carry out house calls nearby; hundreds more have been placed on emergency duty in the city’s hospitals.
Dengue haemorrhagic fever, the severe form of the illness that can lead to organ failure, internal bleeding and death, has quadrupled in the past 30 years, infecting 400 million annually.
Spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which also transmits yellow fever, Zika and Chikungunya, dengue virus kills 20,000 globally each year.
While predominantly associated with southeast Asia, its spread in Latin America (Peru has this year seen a 72 per cent rise in cases) is in part due to population density, as the mosquito is highly adapted to urban environments and breeds inside homes.
Hospitals ‘absolutely overwhelmed’
Global warming, which creates more temperate conditions in which they can thrive, is also a major factor in this worldwide rise; so too is the post-pandemic travel boom, which has seen a spike in mosquito-borne diseases crossing borders.
The primary prevention method is eliminating the mosquito but, with fumigation efforts taking place across Bolivia failing to slow soaring case numbers, the lack of effective tools available to authorities is becoming painfully apparent.
Bolivia’s hospitals are “absolutely overwhelmed,” says Neelika Malavige, head of the Dengue Global Program at the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative.
The fatality rate has jumped significantly this time around, she adds: 0.3 per cent, compared to 0.04 per cent in 2020, with data suggesting that it is being driven by DENV-2 – the same dengue strain that caused the largest-ever outbreaks in Asia between 2016 to 2019.
“This would have happened earlier if not for Covid-19 resulting in reduced international travel in years 2020 and 2021,” Malavige explains. “Unfortunately, more virulent dengue virus strains are emerging, which leads to massive outb