RE: Portugal energy conference13 Jun 2022 17:57
Green Lantern (and others). Firstly, I should say that I am no longer a chemistry academic! I sold my soul to financial services and investigating fraud! As such, I would defer to a more current or qualified chemical engineer.
But on the subject of recycling, Lithium being such a small atom (the third smallest possible in the universe!) means it will have properties to signficantly differentiate it from other metals (usually much "heavier"). More importantly though, the gigafactories designing and building the batteries for the OEMs are under strict instructions to design them so that they CAN be easily recycled. It's a very high priority for the OEMs so it will happen.
As for other forms of batteries, for sure there are alternatives to Lithium (Sodium - Na - being one of them). However, there would have to be an obvious advantage and until then, Li (along with Nickel and Cobalt) is likely to be king. However, I revert to previous comment that there is plenty of Lithium in the ground and at some point there will be enough extracted, especially if recycling rates are high.
With any mining operation, timing is key. You need to be producing at the max. rate when your commodity is at its highest price. Imagine if the first 10 years of your mine's lifetime were when prices were low and then it increased x10 when your production waned! That's why, if/when/once the EIA has given the green light, DA needs to get his/our ducks lined up to start producing spodumene when prices are high!
One quick point about hydrogen cells, a big issue is the energy that is required to electrolyse water to release the H2. Because of the relative strength of hydrogen bonding it takes a hell of a lot of energy.....that's why H2O with a molecular mass of just 18 boils at 100 degrees but ethanol (C2H5OH) with a molecular mass of 46 boils at 78 degrees.....it's the energy required to break the bonds that matters.
Last point, yes Lithium is highly flammable. But so is petrol, LPG, hydrogen, ethanol and other fuels! There seems to be a connection!
GS.