Vanadium prices2 Jan 2019 09:26
I was having a think about the path of Vanadium prices over the last month or so as it has dropped more than I had thought would be the case. Vanadium is a strange market as it is not traded on futures exchanges (for better or worse) so it is very reflective of real supply and demand rather than purely speculative. I have thought for a while that the price was reflective of a stock build up before the rebar rules were implemented in China followed by an unwinding of these as a result of what appears to be widespread flouting of the rules. This certainly appears possible given the price action.
However, there is an alternative explanation. Traditionally iron ore processed in China was relatively rich in Vanadium and this is where the bulk of the production came from. However, in recent times Chinese steel producers have been switching to higher grade iron ore with lower Vanadium content resulting in lower production of Vanadium. Whilst the net affect of this is to reduce the availability of Vanadium on the market the more interesting impact comes when considering steel plant shutdowns (which we are having in China at the moment as part of the environmental controls).
Previously, when Vanadiferous iron ore was used by steel plants, the net amount of Vanadium produced increased during operation so shutting the plant down reduced the supply of Vanadium. However, when low Vanadiferous iron ore is used, the result of shutting the steel mill down is to reduce the consumption of Vanadium. As such, halting production from steel mills has the opposite affect so supply from other sources exceeds demand.
In reality I suspect that we have a bit of both ongoing here with speculative stockpiles being unwind at the same time as reduced demand, hence the drop. One can speculate on how long this will take to stabilise but nothing is guaranteed. However, there are certain factors that will play their part, namely the completion of unwinding stockpiled positions, the return to production of Chinese steel mills and the enforcement of rebar standards. I expect the position to begin to stabilise in January based on the unwinding the stockpiles and my best guess is that the price will rise strongly after the steel mill production returns which is generally considered to be Chinese New Year. Whether this price rise is maintained will be predicated on the enforcement of the rebar standards.