RE: more lithium needed11 Sep 2019 12:30
Not sure you can read whole article on link, so here is relevant bit.
"Not being able to source enough rare metals and minerals may force carmakers to battle for supplies, keeping costs high and preventing electric vehicles preventing electric vehicles from going mass market.
“Global manufacturers have been quick to trot out ‘electrifying’ announcements around their future regulatory plans, but few have stopped to ask: will the supply be there?” said Arndt Ellinghorst, car industry analyst at Evercore.
He calculates that new demand – almost entirely from the car industry – will raise the total global requirement for batteries from all industries from the current 151 gigawatt hours (GWh) a year to 933GWh a year by 2025.
By comparison, electric car company Tesla’s Gigafactory 1 in Nevada has a theoretical maximum production output of 35GWh a year, but is running at about two thirds of that."
Evercore’s research suggests that in 2023, there will be a 6,000-ton annual shortfall in cobalt, rising to about 92,000 tons in 2025 as demand for the battery material rises.
Another battery material, lithium, is likely to see a 650,000-ton shortfall against a 1.9m-ton demand by 2028.
“With expectations that 10pc of the car market will be battery by 2023, there will inevitably be a shortage of raw materials unless there is $50bn-plus of investment in copper and nickel projects with cobalt as a by-product,” Mr Ellinghorst said.