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Interim Report - 22 of 24

26 Aug 2015 16:36

RNS Number : 2069X

HSBC Holdings PLC

26 August 2015

Risk-weighted assets as a percentage of total assets: the ratio used ranges from 70% to 72% (30 June 2014: 70.2% throughout; 31 December 2014: 70% to 72%) in the short- to medium-term. The long-term ratio reverts to a rate of 70% (30 June 2014: 70.2%; 31 December 2014: 70%).

Cost-income ratio: the ratio used was 41% (30 June 2014: ranged from 40.8% to 43.0%; 31 December 2014: ranged from 40.0% to 42.4%) in the short- to medium-term. The ratios were within the short- to medium-term range forecasts of 37.5% to 43.5% (30 June 2014: 39.8% to 44.3%; 31 December 2014: 37.2% to 44.5%) disclosed by external analysts.

Sensitivity analyses were performed on each key assumption to ascertain the impact of reasonably possible changes in assumptions. The following changes to each key assumption on its own used in the VIU calculation would be necessary to reduce headroom to nil:

Key assumption

Changes to key assumption to reduce headroom to nil

· Long-term growth rate

· Long-term asset growth rate

· Discount rate

· Loan impairment charge as a percentage of customer advances

· Risk-weighted assets as a percentage of total assets

· Cost-income ratio

· Decrease by 56 basis points

· Increase by 56 basis points

· Increase by 72 basis points

· Increase by 12 basis points

· Increase by 4.4%

· Increase by 2.5%

15 Trading liabilities

	At
	30 June 2015	30 June 2014	31 December 2014
	$m	$m	$m

Deposits by banks	45,900	47,901	41,453
Customer accounts1	52,384	67,077	50,600
Other debt securities in issue	33,957	35,071	33,602
Other liabilities - net short positions in securities	49,194	78,086	64,917

	181,435	228,135	190,572

1 Structured deposits placed at HSBC Bank USA and HSBC Trust Company (Delaware) National Association are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), a US government agency, up to $250,000 per depositor.

At 30 June 2015, the cumulative amount of change in fair value attributable to changes in credit risk was a gain of $16m (30 June 2014: loss of $123m; 31 December 2014: loss of $79m).

16 Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities

HSBC

Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities

	Due not more than 1 month	Due over 1 month but not more than 3 months	Due over 3 months but not more than 6 months	Due over 6 months but not more than 9 months	Due over 9 months but not more than 1 year	Due over 1 year but not more than 2 years	Due over 2 years but not more than 5 years	Due over 5 years	Total
	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m
Financial assets
Cash and balances at central banks	144,324	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	144,324
Items in the course of collection from other banks	10,190	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	10,190
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness	28,104	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	28,104
Trading assets	282,483	-	-	-	-	147	508	-	283,138
Financial assets designated at fair value	383	182	164	232	214	743	2,944	20,306	25,168
Derivatives	294,171	84	22	296	240	624	856	649	296,942
Loans and advances to banks	74,112	16,136	4,272	2,882	2,117	6,145	2,047	1,694	109,405
Loans and advances to customers	192,308	73,948	51,291	36,703	37,713	83,083	198,247	280,692	953,985
Reverse repurchase agreements - non-trading	102,041	24,539	10,795	6,659	1,599	2,521	1,230	-	149,384
Financial investments	32,486	52,871	35,737	18,669	16,588	41,709	97,837	108,785	404,682
Assets held for sale	17,846	4,378	3,501	1,883	2,852	6,682	6,553	11,489	55,184
Accrued income and other financial assets	12,008	7,151	1,757	390	275	469	421	2,435	24,906

Total financial assets	1,190,456	179,289	107,539	67,714	61,598	142,123	310,643	426,050	2,485,412

Non-financial assets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	86,301	86,301

Total assets at 30 June 2015	1,190,456	179,289	107,539	67,714	61,598	142,123	310,643	512,351	2,571,713

Financial liabilities
Hong Kong currency notes in circulation	28,104	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	28,104
Deposits by banks	62,588	2,961	871	468	150	739	3,286	77	71,140
Customer accounts	1,217,805	57,511	25,235	11,448	10,972	7,933	4,565	331	1,335,800
Repurchase agreements - non-trading	64,910	11,795	2,861	601	339	-	500	500	81,506
Items in the course of transmission to other banks	12,711	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	12,711
Trading liabilities	146,612	1,523	2,597	2,572	1,505	6,051	10,098	10,477	181,435
Financial liabilities designated at fair value	101	899	1,309	3,864	3,082	5,590	12,937	41,703	69,485
Derivatives	286,128	81	33	27	420	574	1,143	1,578	289,984
Debt securities in issue	16,235	13,703	19,315	11,725	7,924	8,421	19,782	5,551	102,656
Liabilities of disposal groups held for sale	26,188	1,827	4,731	2,071	1,802	1,995	3,088	8,248	49,950
Accruals and other financial liabilities	20,451	6,467	2,343	1,424	1,115	816	1,229	888	34,733
Subordinated liabilities	-	2	1,557	402	-	69	3,194	19,557	24,781

Total financial liabilities	1,881,833	96,769	60,852	34,602	27,309	32,188	59,822	88,910	2,282,285

Non-financial liabilities	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	88,046	88,046

Total liabilities at 30 June 2015	1,881,833	96,769	60,852	34,602	27,309	32,188	59,822	176,956	2,370,331

Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities (continued)

	Due not more than 1 month	Due over 1 month but not more than 3 months	Due over 3 months but not more than 6 months	Due over 6 months but not more than 9 months	Due over 9 months but not more than 1 year	Due over 1 year but not more than 2 years	Due over 2 years but not more than 5 years	Due over 5 years	Total
	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m
Financial assets
Cash and balances at central banks	132,137	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	132,137
Items in the course of collection from other banks	8,144	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8,144
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness	26,640	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	26,640
Trading assets	345,144	1,025	100	-	-	-	837	-	347,106
Financial assets designated at fair value	863	346	469	646	289	1,361	3,740	24,109	31,823
Derivatives	265,816	345	551	82	309	669	1,120	947	269,839
Loans and advances to banks	86,341	20,506	3,958	1,908	2,517	6,734	3,390	2,033	127,387
Loans and advances to customers	252,285	81,682	54,901	30,874	35,921	96,919	189,032	305,627	1,047,241
Reverse repurchase agreements - non-trading	138,214	41,593	7,387	5,034	4,190	363	1,520	-	198,301
Financial investments	30,651	43,087	33,722	20,295	21,715	43,448	111,847	118,945	423,710
Assets held for sale	1,600	199	72	106	47	115	210	6,598	8,947
Accrued income and other financial assets	18,184	7,671	2,549	1,305	299	702	853	3,652	35,215

Total financial assets	1,306,019	196,454	103,709	60,250	65,287	150,311	312,549	461,911	2,656,490

Non-financial assets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	97,103	97,103

Total assets at 30 June 2014	1,306,019	196,454	103,709	60,250	65,287	150,311	312,549	559,014	2,753,593

Financial liabilities
Hong Kong currency notes in circulation	26,640	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	26,640
Deposits by banks1	83,467	3,888	1,613	346	323	850	1,801	476	92,764
Customer accounts1	1,269,487	62,090	29,768	14,215	20,194	14,620	5,065	266	1,415,705
Repurchase agreements - non-trading	126,600	23,791	7,603	2,239	4,523	-	-	750	165,506
Items in the course of transmission to other banks	9,936	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9,936
Trading liabilities	189,446	1,304	3,763	3,713	2,752	6,879	9,396	10,882	228,135
Financial liabilities designated at fair value	2,648	973	9	2,135	4,291	9,211	18,622	45,079	82,968
Derivatives	258,655	40	78	41	92	698	1,650	2,240	263,494
Debt securities in issue	16,560	9,767	10,576	9,592	6,417	18,854	19,081	5,550	96,397
Liabilities of disposal groups held for sale	7,894	227	49	66	116	225	585	3,158	12,320
Accruals and other financial liabilities	23,412	8,366	3,086	1,939	1,416	1,661	1,632	1,075	42,587
Subordinated liabilities	16	114	26	183	-	308	4,006	23,399	28,052

Total financial liabilities	2,014,761	110,560	56,571	34,469	40,124	53,306	61,838	92,875	2,464,504

Non-financial liabilities	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	90,367	90,367

Total liabilities at 30 June 2014	2,014,761	110,560	56,571	34,469	40,124	53,306	61,838	183,242	2,554,871

	Due not more than 1 month	Due over 1 month but not more than 3 months	Due over 3 months but not more than 6 months	Due over 6 months but not more than 9 months	Due over 9 months but not more than 1 year	Due over 1 year but not more than 2 years	Due over 2 years but not more than 5 years	Due over 5 years	Total
	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m
Financial assets
Cash and balances at central banks	129,957	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	129,957
Items in the course of collection from other banks	4,927	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4,927
Hong Kong Government certificates of indebtedness	27,674	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	27,674
Trading assets	303,463	-	-	-	-	-	730	-	304,193
Financial assets designated at fair value	244	399	417	346	208	1,825	4,634	20,964	29,037
Derivatives	341,558	56	463	220	32	1,003	1,033	643	345,008
Loans and advances to banks	73,758	17,649	5,682	1,934	1,850	7,371	1,981	1,924	112,149
Loans and advances to customers	203,130	76,236	55,018	35,347	37,674	91,300	187,728	288,227	974,660
Reverse repurchase agreements - non-trading	116,002	30,490	9,076	2,230	582	868	2,465	-	161,713
Financial investments	28,237	50,445	41,503	14,577	17,011	48,392	96,891	118,411	415,467
Assets held for sale	114	186	13	18	10	41	126	6,224	6,732
Accrued income and other financial assets	17,756	7,386	2,402	587	317	707	1,156	3,579	33,890

Total financial assets	1,246,820	182,847	114,574	55,259	57,684	151,507	296,744	439,972	2,545,407

Non-financial assets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	88,732	88,732

Total assets at 31 December 2014	1,246,820	182,847	114,574	55,259	57,684	151,507	296,744	528,704	2,634,139

Financial liabilities
Hong Kong currency notes in circulation	27,674	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	27,674
Deposits by banks	66,829	2,890	2,539	511	810	621	2,963	263	77,426
Customer accounts	1,216,574	57,127	32,925	15,023	13,586	9,278	5,819	310	1,350,642
Repurchase agreements - non-trading	95,243	5,029	4,054	1,392	714	-	-	1,000	107,432
Items in the course of transmission to other banks	5,990	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5,990
Trading liabilities	155,604	2,041	2,636	1,439	2,918	5,744	9,603	10,587	190,572
Financial liabilities designated at fair value	981	912	4,264	972	1,557	8,500	15,037	43,930	76,153
Derivatives	335,802	23	86	223	54	621	1,121	2,739	340,669
Debt securities in issue	14,741	15,424	13,027	7,854	6,050	14,209	19,481	5,161	95,947
Liabilities of disposal groups held for sale	191	28	56	55	63	213	551	2,837	3,994
Accruals and other financial liabilities	20,893	9,170	3,013	1,166	1,757	1,355	1,674	818	39,846
Subordinated liabilities	-	150	-	3	167	113	3,607	22,624	26,664

Total financial liabilities	1,940,522	92,794	62,600	28,638	27,676	40,654	59,856	90,269	2,343,009

Non-financial liabilities	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	91,152	91,152

Total liabilities at 31 December 2014	1,940,522	92,794	62,600	28,638	27,676	40,654	59,856	181,421	2,434,161

17 Provisions

	Restructuring costs	Contractual commitments	Legal proceedings and regulatory matters	Customer remediation	Other provisions	Total
	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m	$m

At 1 January 2015	197	234	2,184	1,831	552	4,998
Additional provisions/increase in provisions	92	35	1,432	155	45	1,759
Provisions utilised	(47)	(1)	(145)	(450)	(71)	(714)
Amounts reversed	(13)	(10)	(86)	(13)	(50)	(172)
Unwinding of discounts	-	-	24	4	-	28
Exchange differences and other movements	(34)	(89)	(441)	(173)	(37)	(774)

At 30 June 2015	195	169	2,968	1,354	439	5,125

At 1 January 2014	271	177	1,832	2,382	555	5,217
Additional provisions/increase in provisions	51	38	188	299	67	643
Provisions utilised	(77)	(1)	(214)	(1,085)	(51)	(1,428)
Amounts reversed	(20)	(14)	(157)	(64)	(46)	(301)
Unwinding of discounts	-	-	22	3	3	28
Exchange differences and other movements	1	(6)	94	37	(2)	124

At 30 June 2014	226	194	1,765	1,572	526	4,283

At 1 July 2014	226	194	1,765	1,572	526	4,283
Additional provisions/increase in provisions	96	98	1,564	1,141	87	2,986
Provisions utilised	(66)	(1)	(895)	(684)	(61)	(1,707)
Amounts reversed	(23)	(32)	(124)	(120)	(20)	(319)
Unwinding of discounts	-	1	21	7	8	37
Exchange differences and other movements	(36)	(26)	(147)	(85)	12	(282)

At 31 December 2014	197	234	2,184	1,831	552	4,998

Further details of 'Legal proceedings and regulatory matters' are set out in Note 19. Legal proceedings include civil court, arbitration or tribunal proceedings brought against HSBC companies (whether by way of claim or counterclaim) or civil disputes that may, if not settled, result in court, arbitration or tribunal proceedings. Regulatory matters refer to investigations, reviews and other actions carried out by, or in response to the actions of, regulators or law enforcement agencies in connection with alleged wrongdoing by HSBC.

'Customer remediation' refers to activities (root cause analysis, customer contact, case reviews, decision making and redress calculations) carried out by HSBC to compensate customers for losses or damages associated with a failure to comply with regulations or to treat customers fairly. Customer remediation is often initiated by HSBC in response to customer complaints and/or industry developments in sales practices, and is not necessarily initiated by regulatory action.

Payment Protection Insurance

At 30 June 2015, a provision of $903m (30 June 2014: $759m; 31 December 2014: $1,079m) was held relating to the estimated liability for redress in respect of the possible mis-selling of payment protection insurance ('PPI') policies in previous years. An increase in provisions of $91m was recognised during the half-year to 30 June 2015, primarily reflecting higher expected levels of inbound complaints by claims management companies compared with previous forecasts.

The estimated liability for redress is calculated on the basis of the total premiums paid by the customer plus simple interest of 8% per annum (or the rate inherent in the related loan product where higher). The basis for calculating the redress liability is the same for single premium and regular premium policies. Future estimated redress levels are based on historically observed redress per policy.

A total of 5.4m PPI policies have been sold by HSBC since 2000 which generated estimated gross written premiums of approximately $4.9bn and revenues of approximately $4.0bn at first half of 2015 average exchange rates. At 30 June 2015, the estimated total complaints expected to be received were 2.0m, representing 36% of total policies sold. It is estimated that contact will be made with regard to 2.3m policies, representing 43% of total policies sold. This estimate includes inbound complaints as well as HSBC's proactive contact exercise on certain policies ('outbound contact').

The following table details the cumulative number of complaints received at 30 June 2015 and the number of claims expected in the future:

	Cumulative to 30 June 2015	Future expected

Inbound complaints1 (000s of policies)	1,293	300
Outbound contact (000s of policies)	571	167
Response rate to outbound contact	51%	51%
Average uphold rate per claim2	73%	73%
Average redress per claim ($)	2,595	2,604

1 Excludes invalid claims where the complainant has not held a PPI policy.

2 Claims include inbound and responses to outbound contact.

The main assumptions involved in calculating the redress liability are the volume of inbound complaints, the projected period of inbound complaints, the decay rate of complaint volumes, the population identified as systemically mis-sold and the number of policies per customer complaint. The main assumptions are likely to evolve over time as root cause analysis continues, more experience is available regarding customer initiated complaint volumes received, and we handle responses to our ongoing outbound contact.

A 100,000 increase/decrease in the total inbound complaints would increase/decrease the redress provision by approximately $194m. Each 1% increase/decrease in the response rate to our outbound contact exercise would increase/decrease the redress provision by approximately $13m.

A 2014 decision of the UK Supreme Court (Plevin) held that, judged on its own facts, non-disclosure of the amount of commissions payable in connection with the sale of PPI to a customer created an unfair relationship under the provisions of the UK Consumer Credit Act ('CCA'). The FCA is considering whether additional rules and/or guidance are required to deal with the effect of the Plevin decision on complaints about PPI, and the Financial Ombudsman Service is reviewing the implications for complaints referred to it. HSBC is assessing any possible consequences of the case on its historical sales of PPI; at 30 June 2015 no adjustment to the PPI provision had been recorded in relation to the matter.

In addition to these factors and assumptions, the extent of the required redress will also depend on the facts and circumstances of each individual customer's case. For these reasons, there is currently a high degree of uncertainty as to the eventual costs of redress.

Interest rate derivatives

At 30 June 2015, a provision of $210m (30 June 2014: $317m; 31 December 2014: $312m) was held relating to the estimated liability for redress in respect of the possible mis-selling of interest rate derivatives in the UK. The provision relates to the estimated redress payable to customers in respect of historical payments under derivative contracts, the expected write-off by the bank of open derivative contract balances and the estimated project costs. There was no increase to the provision recorded in the period (30 June 2014: $38m; 31 December 2014: $250m).

UK Consumer Credit Act

HSBC has undertaken a review of compliance with the fixed-sum unsecured loan agreement requirements of the CCA. $334m was recorded within 'Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities' for the repayment of interest to customers (30 June 2014: $367m; 31 December 2014: $379m), primarily where annual statements did not remind them of their right to partially prepay the loan, notwithstanding that the customer loan documentation did refer to this right. The cumulative liability to date was $588m (30 June 2014: $339m; 31 December 2014: $591m), of which payments of $245m (30 June 2014: nil; 31 December 2014: $212m) were made to customers. There is some uncertainty as to whether other technical requirements of the CCA have been met.

Brazilian labour, civil and fiscal claims

Brazilian labour, civil and fiscal litigation provisions were $451m (30 June 2014: $404m; 31 December 2014: $501m) as at 30 June 2015. Of these provisions, $207m (30 June 2014: $256m; 31 December 2014: $246m) was in respect of labour and overtime litigation claims brought by past employees against HSBC operations in Brazil following their departure from the bank. The main assumptions involved in estimating the liability are the expected number of departing employees, individual salary levels and the facts and circumstances of each individual case. These provisions form part of the Brazilian disposal group and were classified as 'held for sale' at 30 June 2015 (see Note 12).

18 Contingent liabilities, contractual commitments and guarantees

	At
	30 June 2015	30 June 2014	31 December 2014
	$m	$m	$m
Guarantees and contingent liabilities
Guarantees	88,103	87,800	86,385
Other contingent liabilities	297	394	346

	88,400	88,194	86,731

Commitments
Documentary credits and short-term trade-related transactions	11,720	12,986	12,082
Forward asset purchases and forward forward deposits placed	1,174	2,353	823
Undrawn formal standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments to lend	637,558	626,729	638,475

	650,452	642,068	651,380

The above table discloses the nominal principal amounts of commitments, guarantees and other contingent liabilities. Contingent liabilities arising from legal proceedings, regulatory and other matters against the Group are disclosed in Note 19. Nominal principal amounts represent the amounts at risk should contracts be fully drawn upon and clients default. As a significant proportion of guarantees and commitments is expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total of the nominal principal amounts is not indicative of future liquidity requirements.

Capital commitments

In addition to the commitments disclosed above, at 30 June 2015 HSBC had $468m (30 June 2014: $513m; 31 December 2014: $656m) of capital commitments contracted but not provided for and $174m (30 June 2014: $232m; 31 December 2014: $101m) of capital commitments authorised but not contracted for.

19 Legal proceedings and regulatory matters

HSBC is party to legal proceedings and regulatory matters in a number of jurisdictions arising out of its normal business operations. Apart from the matters described below, HSBC considers that none of these matters are material. The recognition of provisions is determined in accordance with the accounting policies set out in Note 29 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2014. While the outcome of legal proceedings and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, management believes that, based on the information available to it, appropriate provisions have been made in respect of these matters as at 30 June 2015 (see Note 17). Where an individual provision is material, the fact that a provision has been made is stated and quantified, except to the extent doing so would be seriously prejudicial. Any provision recognised does not constitute an admission of wrongdoing or legal liability. It is not practicable to provide an aggregate estimate of potential liability for our legal proceedings and regulatory matters as a class of contingent liabilities.

Securities litigation

As a result of an August 2002 restatement of previously reported consolidated financial statements and other corporate events, including the 2002 settlement with 46 states and the District of Columbia relating to real estate lending practices, Household International, Inc. ('Household International') and certain former officers were named as defendants in a class action lawsuit, Jaffe v. Household International, Inc., et al., filed in August 2002 in the US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (the 'Illinois District Court'). The complaint asserted claims under the US Securities Exchange Act and alleged that the defendants knowingly or recklessly made false and misleading statements of material fact relating to Household International's Consumer Lending operations, including collections, sales and lending practices, some of which ultimately led to the 2002 state settlement agreement, and facts relating to accounting practices evidenced by the restatement. Ultimately, a class was certified on behalf of all persons who acquired and disposed of Household International common stock between July 1999 and October 2002.

A jury trial concluded in April 2009, which was decided partly in favour of the plaintiffs. Various legal challenges to the verdict were raised in post-trial briefing.

In December 2011, following the submission of claim forms by class members, the court-appointed claims administrator to the Illinois District Court reported that the total number of claims that generated an allowed loss was 45,921, and that the aggregate amount of these claims was approximately $2.2bn. The defendants filed legal challenges regarding the presumption of reliance as to the class and compliance with the claim form requirements, which the Illinois District Court, in September 2012, rejected for the most part. The Illinois District Court directed further proceedings before a court-appointed Special Master to address certain claims submission issues.

In October 2013, the Illinois District Court denied the defendants' additional post-trial motions for judgement as a matter of law or, in the alternative, for a new trial, and granted plaintiffs' motions for a partial final judgement and awarded pre-judgement interest at the prime rate, compounded annually. Subsequently, in October 2013, the Illinois District Court entered a partial final judgement against the defendants in the amount of approximately $2.5bn (including pre-judgement interest).

In addition to the partial judgement that has been entered, there also remain approximately $625m in claims, prior to imposition of pre-judgement interest, that still are subject to objections that have not yet been ruled upon by the Illinois District Court.

The defendants filed a Notice of Appeal of the partial final judgement, and oral argument was heard by the US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (the 'Court of Appeals') in May 2014. In May 2015, the Court of Appeals issued a decision reversing the partial final judgement of the Illinois District Court and remanding the case for a new trial on loss causation, which ultimately will entail a reassessment of the quantum of damages. In July 2015, the Court of Appeals denied plaintiffs' petition for a panel rehearing of the decision of the Court of Appeals.

The timing and ultimate resolution of this matter remains highly uncertain, and given the complexity and uncertainties associated with a new trial on loss causation and a reassessment of the quantification of damages, there continues to be a wide range of possible outcomes. Depending on whether and to what extent the plaintiffs are able to demonstrate loss causation, the amount of damages, based upon the claims included in the reversed partial final judgement, and other pending claims and the application of pre-judgement interest on all pending claims, may lie in a range from a relatively insignificant amount to an amount up to or exceeding $3.6bn. A provision has been recognised based on management's best estimate of probable outflows, but the amount of such provision is not disclosed as it would prejudice seriously the position of HSBC in the resolution of this matter.

Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC

Bernard L. Madoff ('Madoff') was arrested in December 2008, and ultimately pleaded guilty to running a Ponzi scheme. He has acknowledged, in essence, that while purporting to invest his customers' money in securities, he in fact never invested in securities and used other customers' money to fulfil requests to return investments. His firm, Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC ('Madoff Securities'), is being liquidated in the US by a trustee (the 'Trustee').

Various non-US HSBC companies provided custodial, administration and similar services to a number of funds incorporated outside the US whose assets were invested with Madoff Securities. Based on information provided by Madoff Securities, as at 30 November 2008, the purported aggregate value of these funds was $8.4bn, an amount that includes fictitious profits reported by Madoff. Based on information available to HSBC, we have estimated that the funds' actual transfers to Madoff Securities minus their actual withdrawals from Madoff Securities during the time that HSBC serviced the funds totalled approximately $4bn. Various HSBC companies have been named as defendants in lawsuits arising out of Madoff Securities' fraud.

US/UK litigation: The Trustee has brought suits against various HSBC companies in the US Bankruptcy Court and in the English High Court. The Trustee's US actions included common law claims, alleging that HSBC aided and abetted Madoff's fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. Those claims were dismissed on grounds of lack of standing. The Trustee's remaining US claims seek recovery of prepetition transfers pursuant to US bankruptcy law. The amount of these remaining claims has not been pleaded or determined as against HSBC.

Alpha Prime Fund Ltd ('Alpha Prime') and Senator Fund SPC ('Senator'), co-defendants in the Trustee's US actions, have brought cross-claims against HSBC. These funds have also sued HSBC in Luxembourg (discussed below).

The Trustee's English action seeks recovery of unspecified transfers from Madoff Securities to or through HSBC. HSBC has not yet been served with the Trustee's English action. The Trustee's deadline for serving the claim has been extended through the third quarter of 2015.

Fairfield Sentry Limited, Fairfield Sigma Limited and Fairfield Lambda Limited (collectively, 'Fairfield'), funds whose assets were invested with Madoff Securities, commenced multiple suits in the US and the British Virgin Islands (the 'BVI') against fund shareholders, including various HSBC companies that acted as nominees for HSBC clients, seeking restitution of payments made in connection with share redemptions. The US actions brought by Fairfield are stayed pending the outcome of the Fairfield cases in the BVI (discussed below).

In September 2013, the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ('Court of Appeals') affirmed the dismissal of purported class action claims against HSBC and others brought by investors in three Madoff-invested funds on grounds of forum non conveniens. The plaintiffs filed petitions for certiorari to the US Supreme Court which were denied in March 2015. In May 2015, plaintiffs filed a motion asking the Court of Appeals to restore their class action claims on the basis of an alleged change of law governing the claims. In June 2015, the Court of Appeals denied plaintiffs' motion.

In December 2014, three new Madoff-related actions were filed in the US. The first is a purported class action brought in New York federal court by direct investors in Madoff Securities who were holding their investments as of December 2008, asserting various common law claims and seeking to recover damages lost to Madoff Securities' fraud on account of HSBC's purported knowledge and alleged furtherance of the fraud. This matter has been stayed pending the outcome of a similar case not involving HSBC. The other two actions were filed by SPV Optimal SUS Ltd ('SPV OSUS'), the purported assignee of the Madoff Securities-invested company, Optimal Strategic US Equity Ltd. One of these actions was filed in New York state court and the other in New York federal court. In January 2015, SPV OSUS dismissed its federal lawsuit against HSBC. The state court action against HSBC remains pending.

In May 2015, a new action was filed in New York federal court by two investors in Hermes International Fund Limited ('Hermes') asserting various common law claims against HSBC and seeking to recover damages lost to Madoff Securities' fraud. A preliminary conference is scheduled to take place in October 2015.

BVI litigation: Beginning in October 2009, the Fairfield funds, whose assets were directly or indirectly invested with Madoff Securities, commenced multiple suits in the BVI against numerous fund shareholders, including various HSBC companies that acted as nominees for clients of HSBC's private banking business and other clients who invested in the Fairfield funds. The Fairfield funds are seeking restitution of redemption payments made by the funds to defendants on the grounds that they were mistakenly based on inflated net asset values. In April 2014, the UK Privy Council issued a ruling on two preliminary issues in favour of other defendants in the BVI actions, and issued its order in October 2014. A motion was brought by other defendants before the BVI court challenging the Fairfield liquidator's authorisation to pursue its claims in the US. That motion was heard in March 2015 and judgement is pending.

Bermuda litigation: In January 2009, Kingate Global Fund Limited and Kingate Euro Fund Limited (collectively, 'Kingate'), funds whose assets were directly or indirectly invested with Madoff Securities, commenced an action in Bermuda against HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited for recovery of funds held in Kingate's accounts, fees and dividends. This action is currently pending, but is not expected to move forward until there is a resolution as to the Trustee's separate US actions against Kingate and HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited.

Thema Fund Limited ('Thema') and Hermes, funds invested with Madoff Securities, each also brought three actions in Bermuda in 2009. The first set of actions were brought against HSBC Institutional Trust Services (Bermuda) Limited and seek recovery of funds in frozen accounts held at HSBC. The second set of actions asserts liability against HSBC Institutional Trust Services (Bermuda) Limited in relation to claims for mistake, recovery of fees and damages for breach of contract. The third set of actions seeks return of fees from HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited and HSBC Securities Services (Bermuda). There has been little progress in these actions for several years, although in January 2015, Thema and Hermes served notice of intent to proceed in respect of the second set of actions referred to above. A hearing has not yet been scheduled.

Cayman Islands litigation: In February 2013, Primeo Fund, a Cayman Islands-based fund invested in Madoff Securities, brought an action against the fund administrator, Bank of Bermuda (Cayman), and the fund custodian, HSBC Securities Services (Luxembourg) ('HSSL'), alleging breaches of contract. Primeo Fund claims damages from defendants to compensate it for alleged losses, including loss of profit and any liability to the Trustee. Trial is scheduled to begin in November 2016.

Luxembourg litigation: In April 2009, Herald Fund SPC ('Herald') (in official liquidation since July 2013) commenced action against HSSL before the Luxembourg District Court seeking restitution of all cash and securities Herald purportedly lost because of Madoff Securities' fraud, or in the alternative, money damages in the same amount. In March 2013, the Luxembourg District Court dismissed Herald's restitution claim for the return of the securities. Herald's restitution claim for return of the cash and claim for money damages were reserved. Herald appealed this judgement in May 2013. In May 2015, the Luxembourg Court of Appeal held that Herald must pay security for costs before its claim can be pursued on appeal. Herald filed a request for correction of material errors with respect to the amount of the security, to which HSSL has responded. The parties are awaiting a hearing on Herald's request. Proceedings on the reserved restitution claim were suspended pending resolution of the appeal.

In October 2009, Alpha Prime commenced an action against HSSL before the Luxembourg District Court, alleging breach of contract and negligence in the appointment of Madoff Securities as a sub-custodian of Alpha Prime's assets. Alpha Prime was ordered to provide a judicial bond. Alpha Prime requested a stay of these proceedings pending its negotiations with the Trustee in the US proceedings. The matter has been temporarily suspended at Alpha Prime's request. The parties are awaiting the next hearing date.

In March 2010, Herald (Lux) SICAV ('Herald (Lux)') (in official liquidation since April 2009) commenced an action against HSSL before the Luxembourg District Court seeking restitution of securities, or the cash equivalent, or money damages in the alternative. Herald (Lux) has also requested the restitution of fees paid to HSSL as custodian and service agent of the fund. The next preliminary hearing is scheduled to take place in September 2015.

In December 2014, Senator commenced an action against HSSL before the Luxembourg District Court, seeking the restitution of securities held as of the latest net asset value statement from November 2008, or in the alternative, money damages. The matter has been temporarily suspended at Senator's request. The parties are awaiting the next hearing date.

In April 2015, Senator commenced an action against the Luxembourg branch of HSBC Bank plc before the Luxembourg District Court asserting identical claims to those asserted in Senator's action against HSSL. This action is at an early stage.

HSSL has been sued in various actions by shareholders in the Primeo Select Fund, Herald, Herald (Lux), and Hermes. These actions are in different stages, most of which have been dismissed, suspended or postponed.

Ireland litigation: In November 2013, Defender Limited, a fund invested with Madoff securities, commenced an action against HSBC Institutional Trust Services (Ireland) Limited ('HTIE'), alleging breach of the custodian agreement and claiming damages and indemnification for claims against Defender Limited for fund losses. The action also includes four non-HSBC parties, who served as directors and investment managers to Defender Limited. This matter is ongoing.

In July 2013 and December 2013, settlements were reached in respect of claims filed against HTIE in the Irish High Court by Thema International Fund plc ('Thema International') and Alternative Advantage Plc ('AA'), respectively. Two actions by individual Thema International shareholders against HTIE and Thema International remain active. A hearing on preliminary matters relating to the plaintiffs' entitlement to bring the actions is scheduled to take place in December 2015.

In December 2014, a new proceeding against HTIE and HSBC Securities Services (Ireland) Limited was brought by SPV OSUS, alleging breach of the custodian agreement and claiming damages and indemnification for fund losses.

There are many factors that may affect the range of possible outcomes, and the resulting financial impact, of the various Madoff-related proceedings described above, including but not limited to the multiple jurisdictions in which the proceedings have been brought and the number of different plaintiffs and defendants in such proceedings. Based upon the information currently available, management's estimate of possible aggregate damages that might arise as a result of all claims in the various Madoff-related proceedings is up to or exceeding $800m. Due to uncertainties and limitations of this estimate, the ultimate damages could differ significantly from this amount.

US mortgage-related investigations

In April 2011, following completion of a broad horizontal review of industry residential mortgage foreclosure practices, HSBC Bank USA N.A. ('HSBC Bank USA') entered into a consent cease-and-desist order with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the 'OCC'). HSBC Finance Corporation ('HSBC Finance') and HSBC North America Holdings Inc. ('HNAH') also entered into a similar consent order with the Federal Reserve Board (the 'FRB') (together with the OCC order, the 'Servicing Consent Orders'). The Servicing Consent Orders require prescribed actions to address the deficiencies noted in the joint examination and described in the consent orders. HSBC Bank USA, HSBC Finance and HNAH continue to work with the OCC and the FRB to align their processes with the requirements of the consent orders and are implementing operational changes as required. In June 2015, HSBC Bank USA entered into an amendment to the OCC order ('Amended OCC Order') setting forth, inter alia, that HSBC Bank USA is not yet in compliance with all requirements of the OCC order and imposing business restrictions related to residential mortgage servicing. The business restrictions, which include a prohibition against the bulk acquisition of residential mortgage servicing or residential mortgage servicing rights and a requirement to seek OCC supervisory non-objection to outsource any residential mortgage servicing activities that are not already outsourced as of the date of the Amended OCC Order, will remain in place until the OCC order is terminated. A failure to satisfy all requirements of the OCC order may result in a variety of regulatory consequences for HSBC Bank USA, including the imposition of civil money penalties.

Pursuant to the Servicing Consent Orders, an independent consultant was retained to conduct an independent review of foreclosures pending or completed between January 2009 and December 2010 (the 'Independent Foreclosure Review') to determine if any borrower was financially injured as a result of an error in the foreclosure process. In February 2013, HSBC Bank USA entered into an agreement with the OCC, and HSBC Finance and HNAH entered into an agreement with the FRB (together, the 'IFR Settlement Agreements'), pursuant to which the Independent Foreclosure Review was replaced by a broader framework under which HSBC and 12 other participating servicers agreed to provide, in the aggregate, over $9.3bn in cash payments and other assistance to help eligible borrowers. Pursuant to the IFR Settlement Agreements, HNAH made a cash payment of $96m into a fund used to make payments to borrowers that were in active foreclosure during 2009 and 2010, and in addition, is providing other assistance (e.g. loan modifications) to help eligible borrowers. Borrowers who receive compensation will not be required to execute a release or waiver of rights and will not be precluded from pursuing litigation concerning foreclosure or other mortgage servicing practices. For participating servicers, including HSBC Bank USA and HSBC Finance, fulfilment of the terms of the IFR Settlement Agreements will satisfy the Independent Foreclosure Review requirements of the Servicing Consent Orders, including the wind-down of the Independent Foreclosure Review.

The Servicing Consent Orders do not preclude additional enforcement actions against HSBC Bank USA, HSBC Finance or HNAH by bank regulatory, governmental or law enforcement agencies, such as the US Department of Justice (the 'DoJ') or state Attorneys General, which could include the imposition of civil money penalties and other sanctions relating to the activities that are the subject of the Servicing Consent Orders. Pursuant to the IFR Settlement Agreement with the OCC, however, the OCC has agreed that it will not assess civil money penalties or initiate any further enforcement action with respect to past mortgage servicing and foreclosure-related practices addressed in the Servicing Consent Orders, provided the terms of the IFR Settlement Agreements are fulfilled. The OCC's agreement not to assess civil money penalties is further conditioned on HNAH making payments or providing borrower assistance pursuant to any agreement that may be entered into with the DoJ in connection with the servicing of residential mortgage loans. The FRB has agreed that any assessment of civil money penalties by the FRB will reflect a number of adjustments, including amounts expended in consumer relief and payments made pursuant to any agreement that may be entered into with the DoJ in connection with the servicing of residential mortgage loans. The IFR Settlement Agreements do not preclude private litigation concerning these practices.

Separate from the Servicing Consent Orders and the settlements related to the Independent Foreclosure Review discussed above, in February 2012, five of the largest US mortgage servicers (not including any HSBC companies) reached a settlement with the DoJ, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and state Attorneys General of 49 states with respect to foreclosure and other mortgage servicing practices. Following the February 2012 settlement, these government agencies initiated discussions with other mortgage industry servicers, including HSBC, HSBC Bank USA, HSBC Finance and HNAH, and discussions have been held with US bank regulators and other governmental agencies regarding a potential resolution. Any such settlement, however, may not completely preclude other enforcement actions by state or federal agencies, bank regulators or law enforcement bodies related to foreclosure and other mortgage servicing practices including, but not limited to, matters relating to the securitisation of mortgages for investors. These practices have in the past resulted in private litigation, and such a settlement would not preclude further private litigation concerning these practices.

US mortgage securitisation activity and litigation

HSBC Bank USA has been involved as a sponsor/seller of loans used to facilitate whole loan securitisations underwritten by HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. ('HSI'). From 2005 to 2007, HSBC Bank USA purchased and sold $24bn of such loans to HSI which were subsequently securitised and sold by HSI to third parties. The outstanding principal balance on these loans was approximately $5.5bn as at 30 June 2015.

Participants in the US mortgage securitisation market that purchased and repackaged whole loans have been the subject of lawsuits and governmental and regulatory investigations and inquiries, which have been directed at groups within the US mortgage market such as servicers, originators, underwriters, trustees or sponsors of securitisations, and at particular participants within these groups. As the industry's residential mortgage foreclosure issues continue, HSBC Bank USA has taken title to an increasing number of foreclosed homes as trustee on behalf of various securitisation trusts. As nominal record owner of these properties, HSBC Bank USA has been sued by municipalities and tenants alleging various violations of law, including laws regarding property upkeep and tenants' rights. While HSBC believes and continues to maintain that the obligations at issue and any related liabilities are properly those of the servicer of each trust, HSBC continues to receive significant adverse publicity in connection with these and similar matters, including foreclosures that are serviced by others in the name of 'HSBC, as trustee'.

Between June and December 2014, a number of lawsuits were filed in state and federal court in New York against HSBC Bank USA as trustee of over 250 mortgage securitisation trusts. These lawsuits are brought derivatively on behalf of the trusts by a class of investors including, amongst others, BlackRock and PIMCO funds. Similar lawsuits were filed simultaneously against other non-HSBC financial institutions that served as mortgage securitisation pool trustees. The complaints against HSBC Bank USA allege that the trusts have sustained losses in collateral value of over $34bn. The lawsuits seek unspecified damages resulting from alleged breaches of the US Trust Indenture Act, breach of fiduciary duties, negligence, breach of contract and breach of the common law duty of trust. HSBC filed a motion to dismiss three of these lawsuits in January 2015, which was unsuccessful.

Various HSBC companies have also been named as defendants in a number of actions in connection with residential mortgage-backed securities ('RMBS') offerings, which generally allege that the offering documents for securities issued by securitisation trusts contained material misstatements and omissions, including statements regarding the underwriting standards governing the underlying mortgage loans. In June 2015, HSBC's motion to dismiss in one of these actions was granted in its entirety.

HSBC Bank USA, HSBC Finance and Decision One Mortgage Company LLC (an indirect subsidiary of HSBC Finance) have been named as defendants in various mortgage loan repurchase actions brought by trustees of securitisation trusts. In the aggregate, these actions seek to have the HSBC defendants repurchase mortgage loans, or pay compensatory damages in lieu of repurchase totalling at least $1bn. Motions to dismiss have been filed in two of these actions. In respect of one of these actions, the motion to dismiss was denied and a trial is scheduled to take place in February 2016. The other motion to dismiss remains pending. In addition to actions brought by trustees of securitisation trusts, HSBC Bank USA and Decision One Mortgage Company LLC have been named as defendants in two separate actions filed by Residential Funding Company LLC ('RFC'), a mortgage loan purchase counterparty. These actions seek unspecified damages in relation to alleged losses suffered by RFC as a result of approximately 25,000 mortgage loans purchased from HSBC between 1986-2007. These actions are at an early stage.

Since 2010, various HSBC entities have received subpoenas and requests for information from US authorities seeking the production of documents and information regarding HSBC's involvement, and the involvement of its affiliates, in particular private-label RMBS transactions as an issuer, sponsor, underwriter, depositor, trustee, custodian or servicer. HSBC continues to cooperate with these US authorities. In November 2014, HNAH, on behalf of itself and various subsidiaries including, but not limited to, HSBC Bank USA, HASCO, HSI, HSI Asset Loan Obligation, HSBC Mortgage Corporation (USA), HSBC Finance and Decision One Mortgage Company LLC, received a subpoena from the US Attorney's Office for the District of Colorado, pursuant to the Financial Industry Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act, concerning the origination, financing, purchase, securitisation and servicing of subprime and non-subprime residential mortgages. This matter is at an early stage and HSBC is cooperating fully.

HSBC expects the focus on mortgage securitisations to continue. As a result, HSBC companies may be subject to additional claims, litigation and governmental or regulatory scrutiny relating to its participation in the US mortgage securitisation market, either as a member of a group or individually.

There are many factors that may affect the range of possible outcomes, and the resulting financial impact, of these private lawsuits. Any liabilities that might arise as a result of the claims in these actions could, however, be significant.

Anti-money laundering and sanctions-related matters

In October 2010, HSBC Bank USA entered into a consent cease-and-desist order with the OCC, and HNAH entered into a consent cease-and-desist order with the FRB (the 'Orders'). These Orders required improvements to establish an effective compliance risk management programme across HSBC's US businesses, including risk management related to US Bank Secrecy Act (the 'BSA') and anti-money laundering ('AML') compliance. Steps continue to be taken to address the requirements of the Orders.

In December 2012, HSBC Holdings, HNAH and HSBC Bank USA entered into agreements with US and UK government agencies regarding past inadequate compliance with the BSA, AML and sanctions laws. Among those agreements, HSBC Holdings and HSBC Bank USA entered into a five-year deferred prosecution agreement with the DoJ, the US Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York, and the US Attorney's Office for the Northern District of West Virginia (the 'US DPA'); HSBC Holdings entered into a two-year deferred prosecution agreement with the New York County District Attorney (the 'DANY DPA'); and HSBC Holdings consented to a cease-and-desist order and HSBC Holdings and HNAH consented to a civil money penalty order with the FRB. In addition, HSBC Bank USA entered into a civil money penalty order with a bureau of the US Treasury Department known as the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ('FinCEN') and a separate civil money penalty order with the OCC. HSBC Holdings also entered into an agreement with the Office of Foreign Assets Control ('OFAC') regarding historical transactions involving parties subject to OFAC sanctions and an undertaking with the UK FCA to comply with certain forward-looking AML and sanctions-related obligations.

Under these agreements, HSBC Holdings and HSBC Bank USA made payments totalling $1.9bn to US authorities and are continuing to comply with ongoing obligations. In July 2013, the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York approved the US DPA and retained authority to oversee implementation of that agreement. Under the agreements with the DoJ, FCA, and FRB, an independent monitor (who is, for FCA purposes, a 'skilled person' under Section 166 of the Financial Services and Markets Act) is evaluating and regularly assessing the effectiveness of HSBC's AML and sanctions compliance function and HSBC's progress in implementing its remedial obligations under the agreements.

HSBC Holdings has fulfilled all of the requirements imposed by the DANY DPA, which expired by its terms at the end of the two-year period of that agreement in December 2014. If HSBC Holdings and HSBC Bank USA fulfil all of the requirements imposed by the US DPA, the DoJ charges against those entities will be dismissed at the end of the five-year period of that agreement. The DoJ may prosecute HSBC Holdings or HSBC Bank USA in relation to any matters that are the subject of the US DPA if HSBC Holdings or HSBC Bank USA breaches the terms of the US DPA.

HSBC Bank USA also entered into a separate consent order with the OCC, requiring it to correct the circumstances and conditions as noted in the OCC's then most recent report of examination, and imposing certain restrictions on HSBC Bank USA directly or indirectly acquiring control of, or holding an interest in, any new financial subsidiary, or commencing a new activity in its existing financial subsidiary, unless it receives prior approval from the OCC. HSBC Bank USA also entered into a separate consent order with the OCC requiring it to adopt an enterprise-wide compliance programme.

These settlements with US and UK authorities have led to private litigation, and do not preclude further private litigation related to HSBC's compliance with applicable BSA, AML and sanctions laws or other regulatory or law enforcement actions for BSA, AML, sanctions or other matters not covered by the various agreements.

In May 2014, a shareholder derivative action was filed by a shareholder of HSBC Holdings purportedly on behalf of HSBC Holdings, HSBC Bank USA, HNAH and HSBC USA Inc. (the 'Nominal Corporate Defendants') in New York State Supreme Court against certain current and former directors and officers of those HSBC companies (the 'Individual Defendants'). The complaint alleges that the Individual Defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Nominal Corporate Defendants and caused a waste of corporate assets by allegedly permitting and/or causing the conduct underlying the US DPA. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint in February 2015. In March 2015, the Nominal Corporate Defendants moved to dismiss the action, and the Individual Defendants who had been served also responded to the complaint. The motion was fully briefed in May 2015. Oral argument is scheduled to take place in August 2015.

In July 2014, a claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against HSBC Holdings and a former employee purportedly on behalf of a class of persons who purchased HSBC common shares and American Depositary Shares between July 2006 and July 2012. The complaint, which seeks monetary damages of up to CA$20bn, alleges that the defendants made statutory and common law misrepresentations in documents released by HSBC Holdings and its wholly owned subsidiary, HSBC Bank Canada, relating to HSBC's compliance with BSA, AML, sanctions and other laws.

In November 2014, a complaint was filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York on behalf of representatives of US persons killed or injured in Iraq between April 2004 and November 2011. The complaint was filed against HSBC Holdings, HSBC Bank plc, HSBC Bank USA and HSBC Bank Middle East, as well as other non-HSBC banks and the Islamic Republic of Iran (together, the 'Defendants'). The plaintiffs allege that defendants conspired to violate the US Anti-Terrorism Act, by altering or falsifying payment messages involving Iran, Iranian parties and Iranian banks for transactions processed through the US. Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint in April 2015. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss in May 2015. The motion will be fully briefed in August 2015.

Based on the facts currently known, it is not practicable at this time for HSBC to predict the resolution of these private lawsuits, including the timing or any possible impact on HSBC, which could be significant.

Tax-related investigations

HSBC continues to cooperate in ongoing investigations by the DoJ and the US Internal Revenue Service regarding whether certain HSBC companies and employees acted appropriately in relation to certain customers who had US tax reporting obligations. In connection with these investigations, HSBC Private Bank (Suisse) SA ('HSBC Swiss Private Bank'), with due regard for Swiss law, has produced records and other documents to the DoJ. In August 2013, the DoJ informed HSBC Swiss Private Bank that it was not eligible for the 'Program for Non-Prosecution Agreements or Non-Target Letters for Swiss Banks' since a formal investigation had previously been authorised. The DoJ has requested additional information from HSBC Swiss Private Bank and other Swiss banks regarding the transfer of assets to and from US person-related accounts and employees who serviced those accounts. HSBC Swiss Private Bank is preparing this data, in a manner consistent with Swiss law.

Other HSBC companies have received subpoenas and requests for information from US and other authorities, including with respect to US-based clients of an HSBC company in India.

In addition, various tax administration, regulatory and law enforcement authorities around the world, including in Belgium, France, Argentina and India, are conducting investigations and reviews of HSBC Swiss Private Bank in connection with allegations of tax evasion or tax fraud, money laundering and unlawful cross-border banking solicitation. HSBC Swiss Private Bank has been placed under formal criminal examination by magistrates in both Belgium and France. In February 2015, HSBC was informed that the French magistrates are of the view that they have completed their investigation with respect to HSBC Swiss Private Bank and have referred the matter to the public prosecutor for a recommendation on any potential charges to be brought, whilst reserving the right to continue investigating other conduct at HSBC. In April 2015, HSBC Holdings was informed that it has been placed under formal criminal investigation by the French magistrates in connection with the conduct of HSBC Swiss Private Bank in 2006 and 2007 for alleged tax offences, and a €1bn bail was imposed. HSBC Holdings appealed the magistrates' decision and, in June 2015, bail was reduced to €100m. The ultimate financial impact could differ significantly from the bail amount of €100m. In Argentina, in November 2014, the Argentine tax authority filed a complaint alleging an unlawful association between HSBC Swiss Private Bank, HSBC Bank Argentina, HSBC Bank USA and certain current and former HSBC officers, which allegedly enabled HSBC customers to evade Argentine tax obligations. In February 2015, a public prosecutor in Switzerland commenced an investigation of HSBC Swiss Private Bank, and the Indian tax authority issued a summons and request for information to an HSBC company in India. In June 2015, the public prosecutor's investigation in Switzerland was closed.

With respect to each of these ongoing matters, HSBC is cooperating with the relevant authorities. There are many factors that may affect the range of outcomes, and the resulting financial impact, of these investigations and reviews, which could be significant.

In light of the recent media attention regarding these matters, it is possible that other tax administration, regulatory or law enforcement authorities will also initiate or enlarge similar investigations or regulatory proceedings.

London interbank offered rates, European interbank offered rates and other benchmark interest rate investigations and litigation

Various regulators and competition and law enforcement authorities around the world, including in the UK, the US, the EU, Switzerland and elsewhere, are conducting investigations and reviews related to certain past submissions made by panel banks and the processes for making submissions in connection with the setting of London interbank offered rates ('Libor'), European interbank offered rates ('Euribor') and other benchmark interest rates. As certain HSBC companies are members of such panels, HSBC has been the subject of regulatory demands for information and is cooperating with those investigations and reviews.

In December 2013, the European Commission (the 'Commission') announced that it had imposed fines on eight financial institutions under its cartel settlement procedure for their participation in illegal activity related to euro interest rate derivatives and/or yen interest rate derivatives. Although HSBC was not one of the financial institutions fined, the Commission announced that it had opened proceedings against HSBC in connection with its Euribor-related investigation of euro interest rate derivatives only. This investigation will continue under the standard Commission cartel procedure. In May 2014, HSBC received a Statement of Objections from the Commission, alleging anti-competitive practices in connection with the pricing of euro interest rate derivatives. The Statement of Objections sets out the Commission's preliminary views and does not prejudge the final outcome of its investigation. HSBC responded to the Commission's Statement of Objections in March 2015. The hearing before the Commission took place in June 2015.

In addition, HSBC and other US dollar Libor panel banks have been named as defendants in a number of private lawsuits filed in the US with respect to the setting of US dollar Libor. The complaints assert claims under various US laws, including US antitrust and racketeering laws, the US Commodity Exchange Act ('CEA'), and state law. The lawsuits include individual and putative class actions, most of which have been transferred and/or consolidated for pre-trial purposes before the New York District Court.

In March 2013, the New York District Court overseeing the consolidated proceedings related to US dollar Libor issued a decision in the six oldest actions, dismissing the plaintiffs' federal and state antitrust claims, racketeering claims, and unjust enrichment claims in their entirety, but allowing certain of their CEA claims that were not barred by the applicable statute of limitations to proceed. Some of those plaintiffs appealed the New York District Court's decision to the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which later dismissed those appeals. In January 2015, the US Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeals' decision and remanded the case to the Court of Appeals for consideration of the merits of the plaintiffs' appeal. Briefing is ongoing in the Court of Appeals.

Other plaintiffs sought to file amended complaints in the New York District Court to assert additional allegations. In June 2014, the New York District Court issued a decision that, amongst other things, denied the plaintiffs' request for leave to amend their complaints to assert additional theories of Libor manipulation against HSBC and certain non-HSBC banks, but granted leave to assert such manipulation claims against two other banks; and granted defendants' motion to dismiss certain additional claims under the CEA as barred by the applicable statute of limitations. Proceedings with respect to all other actions in the consolidated proceedings were stayed pending this decision. The stay was lifted in September 2014. Amended complaints were filed in previously stayed non-class actions in October 2014; and amended complaints were filed in several of the previously stayed class actions in November 2014. Motions to dismiss were filed in November 2014 and January 2015, respectively, and remain pending.

Separately, HSBC and other panel banks have also been named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the New York District Court on behalf of persons who transacted in euroyen futures and options contracts related to the euroyen Tokyo interbank offered rate ('Tibor'). The complaint alleges, amongst other things, misconduct related to euroyen Tibor, although HSBC is not a member of the Japanese Bankers Association's euroyen Tibor panel, as well as Japanese yen Libor, in violation of US antitrust laws, the CEA, and state law. In March 2014, the New York District Court issued an opinion dismissing the plaintiffs' claims under US antitrust law and state law, but sustaining their claims under the CEA. In June 2014, the plaintiffs moved for leave to file a third amended complaint. That motion was denied in March 2015, except insofar as it granted leave to add certain defendants not affiliated with HSBC and reserving on the question of whether the California State Teachers Retirement System may be added as a plaintiff.

In November 2013, HSBC and other panel banks were also named as defendants in a putative class action filed in the New York District Court on behalf of persons who transacted in euro futures contracts and other financial instruments related to Euribor. The complaint alleges, amongst other things, misconduct related to Euribor in violation of US antitrust laws, the CEA and state law. The plaintiffs filed a second and later third amended complaint in May 2014 and October 2014. The court previously stayed proceedings until May 2015. The court has set a deadline for plaintiffs to file a fourth amended complaint in August 2015, and for defendants to respond in September 2015.

In September and October 2014, HSBC Bank plc and other panel banks were named as defendants in a number of putative class actions that were filed and consolidated in the New York District Court on behalf of persons who transacted in interest rate derivative transactions or purchased or sold financial instruments that were either tied to US dollar International Swaps and Derivatives Association fix ('ISDAfix') rates or were executed shortly before, during, or after the time of the daily ISDAfix setting window. The complaint alleges, amongst other things, misconduct related to these activities in violation of US antitrust laws, the CEA and state law. In October 2014, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint, and in February 2015, plaintiffs filed a second consolidated amended complaint replacing HSBC Bank plc with HSBC Bank USA. A motion to dismiss that complaint was filed in April 2015 and remains pending.

There are many factors that may affect the range of possible outcomes, and the resulting financial impact, of these private lawsuits. Based upon the information currently available, it is possible that any liabilities that might arise as a result of the claims in these actions could be significant.

Foreign exchange rate investigations and litigation

Various regulators and competition and law enforcement authorities around the world, including in the US, the EU, Brazil, South Korea and elsewhere, are conducting investigations and reviews into a number of firms, including HSBC, related to trading on the foreign exchange markets. These include a criminal investigation in the US, as well as investigations by the civil competition authorities in the EU, Brazil and South Korea.

HSBC has been cooperating with these ongoing investigations. In May 2015, the DOJ resolved its ongoing investigations against five non-HSBC financial institutions, resulting in four pleading guilty to a criminal charge for collusive efforts to influence foreign exchange benchmark rates and agreeing to pay criminal fines of more than $2.5bn. Additional penalties were imposed by the Board of Governors of the FRB at the same time. HSBC was not a party to these resolutions, and investigations into HSBC by the DOJ, FRB and other authorities around the world continue.

In addition, in late 2013 and early 2014, HSBC Holdings, HSBC Bank plc, HNAH and HSBC Bank USA were named as defendants, amongst other banks, in various putative class actions filed in the New York District Court. In March 2014, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint alleging, amongst other things, that defendants conspired to manipulate the WM/Reuters foreign exchange benchmark rates by sharing customers' confidential order flow information, thereby injuring plaintiffs and others by forcing them to pay artificial and non-competitive prices for products based on these foreign currency rates ('the Consolidated Action'). Separate putative class actions were also brought on behalf of non-US plaintiffs (the 'Foreign Actions'). Defendants moved to dismiss all actions. In January 2015, the court denied defendants' motion to dismiss as to the Consolidated Action, but granted defendants' motion to dismiss as to the Foreign Actions. Five additional putative class actions were subsequently filed in the New York District Court making similar allegations on behalf of persons who engaged in foreign exchange futures transactions on a US exchange. An additional putative class action was filed in the New York District Court making similar allegations on behalf of ERISA plan participants, and one was filed in California District Court that is similar to the Consolidated Action. HSBC has not yet responded to the new actions.

As at 30 June 2015, HSBC has recognised a provision in the amount of $1.3bn in respect of these ongoing investigations and other actions. There are many factors that may affect the range of outcomes, and the resulting financial impact, of these matters. Due to uncertainties and limitations of these estimates, the ultimate penalties could differ significantly from the amount provided.

Precious metals fix-related litigation and investigations

Since March 2014, numerous putative class actions have been filed in the US District Courts for the Southern District of New York, the District of New Jersey and the Northern District of California naming HSBC Bank USA, HSBC Bank plc, HSI and other members of The London Gold Market Fixing Limited as defendants. The complaints allege that, from January 2004 to the present, defendants conspired to manipulate the price of gold and gold derivatives during the afternoon London gold fix in order to reap profits on proprietary trades. These actions have been assigned to and consolidated in the New York District Court. An amended consolidated class action complaint was filed in December 2014, and defendants filed a consolidated response in February 2015. A second consolidated amended complaint was filed in March 2015. Defendants filed a consolidated response in April 2015.

Since July 2014, putative class actions were filed in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York and the Eastern District of New York naming HSBC Holdings, HNAH, HSBC Bank USA, HSBC USA Inc. and other members of The London Silver Market Fixing Ltd as defendants. The complaints allege that, from January 2007 to the present, defendants conspired to manipulate the price of physical silver and silver derivatives for their collective benefit in violation of US antitrust laws and the CEA. These actions have been assigned to and consolidated in the New York District Court. An amended consolidated class action complaint was filed in January 2015, and defendants filed a consolidated response in March 2015. Plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint in April 2015. Defendants' consolidated response was filed in May 2015.

Between late 2014 and early 2015, numerous putative class actions were filed in the New York District Court naming HSBC Bank USA and other members of The London Platinum and Palladium Fixing Company Limited as defendants. The complaints allege that, from January 2007 to the present, defendants conspired to manipulate the price of physical Platinum Group Metals ('PGM') and PGM-based financial products for their collective benefit in violation of US antitrust laws and the CEA. An amended consolidated class action complaint was filed in April 2015. Defendants' consolidated response was filed in June 2015.

Various regulators and competition and law enforcement authorities in the US and the EU are conducting investigations and reviews related to HSBC's precious metals operations. In November 2014, the DoJ issued a document request to HSBC Holdings, seeking the voluntary production of certain documents relating to a criminal antitrust investigation that the DoJ is conducting in relation to precious metals. In January 2015, the CFTC issued a subpoena to HSBC Bank USA, seeking the production of certain documents related to HSBC Bank USA's precious metals trading operations. In April 2015, the European Commission issued a request for information seeking certain information related to HSBC's precious metals operations. HSBC is cooperating with the authorities.

Based on the facts currently known, it is not practicable at this time for HSBC to predict the resolution of these matters, including the timing or any possible impact on HSBC, which could be significant.

Credit default swap regulatory investigation and litigation

In July 2013, HSBC received a Statement of Objections from the Commission relating to its ongoing investigation of alleged anti-competitive activity by a number of market participants in the credit derivatives market between 2006 and 2009. The Statement of Objections sets out the Commission's preliminary views and does not prejudge the final outcome of its investigation. HSBC has submitted a response and attended an oral hearing in May 2014. Following the oral hearing, the Commission decided to conduct a further investigation phase before deciding whether or how to proceed with the case. HSBC is cooperating with this further investigation. There are many factors that may affect the range of possible outcomes, and the resulting financial impact, of this matter. The amounts of any fines and/or penalties, however, could be significant.

In addition, HSBC Bank USA, HSBC Holdings and HSBC Bank plc have been named as defendants, amongst others, in numerous putative class actions filed in the New York District Court and the Illinois District Court. These class actions allege that the defendants, which include ISDA, Markit and several other financial institutions, conspired to restrain trade in violation of US antitrust laws by, amongst other things, restricting access to credit default swap pricing exchanges and blocking new entrants into the exchange market, with the purpose and effect of artificially inflating the bid/ask spread paid to buy and sell credit default swaps in the US. The plaintiffs in these suits purport to represent a class of all persons who purchased credit default swaps from or sold credit default swaps to defendants primarily in the US.

In October 2013, these cases were consolidated in the New York District Court. An amended consolidated complaint was filed in January 2014, naming HSBC Bank USA and HSBC Bank plc as defendants, amongst other non-HSBC defendants. Following the filing of defendants' initial motions to dismiss in March 2014, plaintiffs filed a second amended consolidated complaint, which defendants also moved to dismiss. In September 2014, the court granted in part and denied in part the defendants' motion to dismiss. Discovery is in process.

Economic plans: HSBC Bank Brasil S.A.

In the mid-1980s and early 1990s, certain economic plans were introduced by the government of Brazil to reduce escalating inflation. The implementation of these plans adversely impacted savings account holders, thousands of which consequently commenced legal proceedings against financial institutions in Brazil, including HSBC Bank Brasil S.A. ('HSBC Brazil'), alleging, amongst other things, that savings account balances were adjusted by a different price index than that contractually agreed, which caused them a loss of income. Certain of these cases have reached the Brazilian Supreme Court (the 'Supreme Court'). The Supreme Court has suspended all cases pending before lower courts until it delivers a final judgement on the constitutionality of the changes resulting from the economic plans. It is anticipated that the outcome of the Supreme Court's final judgement will set a precedent for all cases pending before the lower courts. Separately, the Brazilian Superior Civil Court (the 'Superior Civil Court') is considering matters relating to, amongst other things, contractual and punitive interest rates to be applied to calculate any loss of income.

There is a high degree of uncertainty as to the terms on which the proceedings in the Supreme Court and Superior Civil Court will be resolved and the timing of such resolutions, including the amount of losses that HSBC Brazil may be liable to pay in the event of an unfavourable judgement. Such losses may lie in a range from a relatively insignificant amount to an amount up to $700m, although the upper end of this range is considered unlikely.

Regulatory review of consumer 'enhancement services products'

HSBC Finance, through its legacy Cards and Retail Services business, offered or participated in the marketing, distribution, or servicing of products, such as identity theft protection and credit monitoring products, that were ancillary to the provision of credit to the consumer. HSBC Finance ceased offering these products by May 2012. The offering and administration of these and other enhancement services products, such as debt protection products, has been the subject of enforcement actions against other institutions by regulators, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the OCC, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Such enforcement actions have resulted in orders to pay restitution to customers and the assessment of penalties in substantial amounts. We have made restitution to certain customers in connection with certain enhancement services products, and we continue to cooperate with our regulators in connection with their ongoing review. In light of the actions that regulators have taken in relation to other non-HSBC credit card issuers regarding their enhancement services products, one or more regulators may order us to pay additional restitution to customers and/or impose civil money penalties or other relief arising from the prior offering and administration of such enhancement services products by HSBC Finance. There is a high degree of uncertainty as to the terms on which this matter will be resolved and the timing of such resolution, including the amount of any additional remediation which may lie in a range from zero to an amount up to $500m.

20 Goodwill impairment

As described on page 407 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2014, we test goodwill for impairment as at 1 July each year and whenever there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired. At 30 June 2015, we reviewed the inputs used in our most recent impairment test in the light of current economic and market conditions and there was no indication of goodwill impairment.

At 30 June 2015, our operations in Brazil were classified as held for sale (see Note 12). The disposal group includes allocated goodwill of $1.3bn which is included in 'Assets held for sale' in the consolidated balance sheet. Goodwill was allocated to the disposal group based on the relative value of the operations in Brazil to the cash generating units in Latin America.

21 Transactions with related parties

There were no changes in the related party transactions described in the Annual Report and Accounts 2014 that have had a material effect on the financial position or performance of HSBC in the half-year to 30 June 2015. All related party transactions that took place in the half-year to 30 June 2015 were similar in nature to those disclosed in the Annual Report and Accounts 2014.

22 Events after the balance sheet date

On 31 July 2015 we entered into an agreement to sell our entire business in Brazil, comprising HSBC Bank Brasil S.A. - Banco Multiplo and HSBC Servicos e Participacoes Ltda (collectively 'HSBC Brazil'), to Banco Bradesco S.A. for an all cash consideration of US$5.2bn. The purchase price is subject to adjustments to reflect the net asset value of the businesses at completion. The transaction is subject to regulatory approval and is expected to complete by Q2 2016.

A second interim dividend for the financial year ending 31 December 2015 was declared by the Directors on 3 August 2015, as described in Note 3.

23 Interim Report 2015 and statutory accounts

The information in this Interim Report 2015 is unaudited and does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434 of the Companies Act 2006. The Interim Report 2015 was approved by the Board of Directors on 3 August 2015. The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2014 have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies in England and Wales in accordance with section 447 of the Companies Act 2006. The Group's previous auditor, KPMG Audit Plc has reported on those accounts. Its report was unqualified; did not include a reference to any matters to which KPMG Audit Plc drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report; and did not contain a statement under section 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities

The Directors1, who are required to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis unless it is not appropriate, are satisfied that the Group has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future and that the financial statements continue to be prepared on a going concern basis.

The Directors confirm that to the best of their knowledge:

· the condensed set of financial statements has been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 'Interim Financial Reporting' as adopted by the EU;

· the Interim Report includes a fair review of the information required by:

(a) DTR 4.2.7R of the Disclosure Rules and Transparency Rules, being an indication of important events that have occurred during the first six months of the financial year ending 31 December 2015 and their impact on the condensed set of financial statements; and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year; and

(b) DTR 4.2.8R of the Disclosure Rules and Transparency Rules, being (i) related party transactions that have taken place in the first six months of the financial year ending 31 December 2015 which have materially affected the financial position or performance of HSBC during that period; and (ii) any changes in the related parties transactions described in the Annual Report and Accounts 2014 that could materially affect the financial position or performance of HSBC during the first six months of the financial year ending 31 December 2015.

On behalf of the Board

D J Flint

Group Chairman

3 August 2015

1 Phillip Ameen*, Kathleen Casey*, Safra Catz*, Laura Cha*, Lord Evans of Weardale*, Joachim Faber*, Rona Fairhead*, Douglas Flint, Stuart Gulliver,Sam Laidlaw*, Irene Lee*, John Lipsky*, Rachel Lomax*, Iain Mackay, Heidi Miller*, Marc Moses, Sir Simon Robertson* and Jonathan Symonds*.

* Independent non-executive Director.

Independent Review Report to HSBC Holdings plc

Report on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements

Our conclusion

We have reviewed the condensed consolidated interim financial statements, defined below, in the half-yearly financial report of HSBC Holdings plc for the six months ended 30 June 2015. Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the condensed consolidated interim financial statements are not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 as adopted by the European Union and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority.

This conclusion is to be read in the context of what we say in the remainder of this report.

What we have reviewed

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which are prepared by HSBC Holdings plc, comprise:

· the consolidated balance sheet as at 30 June 2015;

· the consolidated income statement and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the period then ended;

· the consolidated statement of cash flows for the period then ended;

· the consolidated statement of changes in equity for the period then ended; and

· the explanatory notes to the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

As disclosed in Note 1, the financial reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the full annual financial statements of the Group is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union. The condensed consolidated interim financial statements included in the half-yearly financial report have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, 'Interim Financial Reporting', as adopted by the European Union and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority.

What a review of condensed consolidated interim financial statements involves

We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements (UK and Ireland) 2410, 'Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity' issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the United Kingdom. A review of interim financial information consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures.

A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) and, consequently, does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.

We have read the other information contained in the half-yearly financial report and considered whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with the information in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

Responsibilities for the condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the review

Our responsibilities and those of the Directors1,2

The half-yearly financial report, including the condensed consolidated interim financial statements, is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the Directors. The Directors are responsible for preparing the half-yearly financial report in accordance with the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority.

Our responsibility is to express to the company a conclusion on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements in the half-yearly financial report based on our review. This report, including the conclusion, has been prepared for and only for the company for the purpose of complying with the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving this conclusion, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly agreed by our prior consent in writing.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Chartered Accountants

London, United Kingdom

3 August 2015

1 The maintenance and integrity of the HSBC Holdings plc website is the responsibility of the Directors; the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements since they were initially presented on the website.

2 Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

This information is provided by RNS

The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

END

IR PKADBPBKDKFB

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Interim Report - 22 of 24

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