Enter the green dragon. Part 114 Feb 2014 23:48
Enter Green Dragon …
13 February 2014
After a series of missteps, China’s CBM sector could finally be getting on track, writes Justin Jacobs
IN NORTHERN China’s rugged Shanxi province, the valleys and hillsides are dotted with pumpjacks sucking gas out of the region’s rich coal seams. State-owned companies and smaller private investors are accelerating development. Gas processing plants are under construction and gleaming white storage tanks are being erected. China’s coal-bed methane (CBM) country is bustling.
The buzz of activity is a promising sign for an industry that China has long struggled to get off the ground. The country has an estimated 31 trillion cubic metres (cm) of CBM resources, nearly a third of which are thought to lie in the Qinshui basin in Shanxi province, historically one of China’s most prolific coal producing regions. Hardly any of those resources have been explored and proven up, but the potential dwarfs the country’s conventional gas reserves.
And there are powerful incentives to develop the CBM sector. Beijing is keen to increase natural gas’ share of the energy mix to help shift away from heavily polluting coal-fired power generation. It hopes to double natural gas’ share of the overall energy mix rose from 4% in 2010 to 8% by 2015. Domestic producers, though, are struggling to keep up with the new demand and the country faces a mounting import bill, so the government is keen to pump up output from its resource rich CBM, tight and shale gasfields.
Yet for two decades Chinese CBM has remained a stubbornly difficult play to crack. At seemingly every turn the industry has run into technological, legal and market barriers. China’s coal seams are heavily faulted, which has made them difficult to produce with existing technologies. Conflicts between local and central governments as well as the coal and CBM industries over mineral rights have slowed development. A severe lack of pipeline infrastructure in the main CBM producing region of Shanxi province means less than half the gas produced from CBM wells actually makes it to market.
It has been especially difficult at times for a crop of smaller foreign investors trying to find their niche in China’s state-dominated upstream. Green Dragon Gas, a London-listed independent CBM producer, is a case in point. The company was an industry pioneer when it won some of the country’s first CBM licences in the late-1990s, and holds a large acreage position across five blocks. But it recently found itself mired in a dispute over the fate of those contracts with China United Coal Bed Methane (CUCBM), the state-owned enterprise set up in the mid-1990s to champion the sector.
In early 2011, CUCBM said it was ending Green Dragon’s five production sharing contracts (PSC), including at the producing GSS block, a decision that could have essentially ended Green Dragon’s China busine