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Https://lkab.com/en/press/lkab-reports-larger-mineral-resources-significant-increase-in-rare-earth-oxides/

Ukraine will sign the agreement very soon.

DETAILS OF THE US-UKRAINE MINERAL RESOURCES TREATY:

— Management – ​​5 people, 3 of them from the US with full veto power;

— We are talking about all mineral resources: oil, gas, new and existing deposits;

— The entire territory of Ukraine is included in the scope of the agreement;

— Both state and private companies can be engaged in mining;

— All income is converted immediately into foreign currency;

— The fund’s financial resources are transferred abroad;

— If something is not received on time due to Ukraine’s fault, Ukraine is obliged to pay extra;

— The US contribution is previously provided assistance, starting in 2022;

— The American side receives profit first in the form of royalties from the Fund (+4%), and only then – Ukraine;

— The agreement is indefinite. Changes are possible only with the permission of the US;

— The Americans receive the right of the “first night” on all new infrastructure projects and the right of veto on the sale of resources to third countries;

— There are no security guarantees in the text.

Https://www.gtreview.com/news/americas/us-exim-vouches-support-for-wyoming-rare-earths-project/

"ground breaking process" - https://www.zacks.com/stock/news/2434602/american-resources-subsidiary-expands-production-to-process-heavy-ree

Great article!!!

Only RBW is not a technology company and has mediocre knowledge in chemistry! I have spoken about this more than once.

The feasible extractable resource is about 6.1 million ton, and with present technology, about 676,000 ton scandium appear as potentially extractable. The potential for scandium extraction is about 1500 ton/year at present, but only about 45 ton per year (!!!) was pro-duced in 2022. With improved extraction and access yields, production could be increased to about 450 ton per year, and the scandium resource would increase to about 1.5 million ton.

In the future, demand for metallic scandium will increase, but it will be limited by high prices, the lack of a properly functioning market and production infrastructure.

-global scandium market development has been mostly determined by supply, precisely, by supply shortage because production is very small and expensive and there have been no primary scandium producers globally.

-by now, scandium primary application area has been the production of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and high-intensity lamps, production of aluminium alloys for lightweight aircraft and automobiles is of the highest potential.

-scandium is supplied today either as a co-product of other primary metal production or is reprocessed out of old tailings from exhausted mining opeations; global exploration and development projects continue in anticipation of expectedly increased demand of scandium.

-the aircraft industry and the automotive sector are anticipated to expand to a much wider range of scandium applications in the years to come.

For example, any REE (NdPr in particular) processing plant can be reoriented to Sc production. In a couple of years, Sc (Scandium) will become the most in demand of all REEs. There is now a need to invest in scandium deposits and wastes, as well as in technologies for its extraction and purification.

Https://www.fastmarkets.com/insights/caremag-raises-216-million-to-build-rare-earths-plant-in-france/

The plant is expected to produce 600 tonnes per year of heavy rare earth dysprosium and terbium oxides, which according to the company is around 15% of global production.

This is questionable. Calculate shipping costs.

Https://www.forexlive.com/news/trump-is-invoking-emergency-powers-to-boost-critical-minerals-production-20250320/

China’s rare earth dominance could crumble in 10 years, CAS study forecasts (https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3303167/chinas-rare-earth-dominance-could-crumble-10-years-cas-study-forecasts). Perhaps this will happen sooner, and this is very good!

SmartPunter,

" Their production cost is $10k per ton".

What is the cost of mixed carbonate REE, when obtained from phosphogypsum, using RBW technology? I believe it is very close to the cost price of PRE.

In addition, there is ReElement Technologies, with high-performance ligand displacement chromatography (LAD) technology that enables the purification of key rare earth elements including neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) to 99.5%+ purity. PRE, if necessary, can contact ReElement Technologies to obtain the technology.

China has a huge experience in ion chromatography and not only in it. There is no break-even technology for extracting REE from phosphogypsum to obtain a mixture of (sulfate, carbonate) REE. For this reason, RBW began work to produce NdPr with a frequency of 99.5%. If the mixed REE concentrate is not separated, the technology is unprofitable.

Don't make me laugh.

I agree. But the technology developed by RBW is far from perfect. I am surprised that China, for all its advanced technology in the field of REE processing and proximity to Putin, has not yet implemented a project to extract REE from phosphogypsum.

Russia is a very promising project for RBW. Every year in Russia, about 12.5 million tons of phosphogypsum are formed, containing 22,000 tons of rare earth elements that end up in dumps.

Https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/110440/

Https://www.reuters.com/business/russias-sovereign-wealth-fund-is-eyeing-rare-earth-projects-with-us-companies-2025-03-18/

Dunk_Biscuit,

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ramaco-rare-earth-project-awarded-6-1-million-matching-grant-from-wyoming-energy-authority-302402552.html