California Cultured breaks new ground with patent on cocoa butter via plant cell culture17 Sep 2025 07:21
"California-based startup California Cultured has filed a patent covering the production of cocoa butter in plant cell culture, a first for the industry.
As prices skyrocket and firms struggle with volatility in the cocoa market, food companies have been exploring a range of alternatives for cocoa powder, from plant cell culture to upcycled ag products. But replacing cocoa butter is more challenging, Steve Stearns, head of strategy and business development, told AgFunderNews.
“For years, companies have been trying to replace cocoa butter, and they have used things like hydrolyzed palm fats and shea butter, but they don’t have the same melting profile as cocoa butter and they can have a greasy feel.”
The same applies to firms attempting to precisely replicate the melting properties of cocoa butter with fats produced via microbial fermentation, he claimed. “There are a ton of microbes that can produce triglycerides, but they can’t produce them in the right ratios. There is also a standard of identity for chocolate [in many countries] that requires cocoa butter.”
Up until now, he said, “Every group working in cocoa cell culture has relied on callus cells [mature cells that have been ‘de-differentiated’ to behave more like stem cells]. The challenge with callus cells is fundamental: they can make excellent cocoa powder, but they simply don’t produce fat. Without fat, you can’t replicate the qualities and the melting properties that make real chocolate.”