For those recently arrived12 Mar 2020 06:13
in this parish, and who would normally be along to the next after obtaining their standard 10%, you may wish to pause a while and consider the following:-
1. Climate change is real and not going away. It will be the largest systematic issue of the next 30 years.
2. Large scale Electrical Energy ('Battery') storage has only really become a 'thing' in the last 5 years. Before that the only way that electrical grids could store energy created at one point in time for use later was via pumped hydro, which is obviously limited in its scope.
3. Electrical Energy Storage doesn't just help variable renewable energy generation but it also aids conventional grids to be more efficient, for example by allowing energy to be stored close to sources of peak demand, so that you do not need to build new transmission capacity to satisfy a peak that may only occur once a year.
4. As this article ( https://www.thebushveldperspective.com/blog/public-articles-1/post/energy-storage-europe-2019-415 ) details the worldwide energy storage market has been forecast by Navigant to be 50 Billion dollars per year by 2027, with flow batteries expected to capture 1/5th of this.
5. As this article ( https://www.thebushveldperspective.com/blog/public-articles-1/post/energy-storage-europe-2019-414 ) details Vanadium Flow Batteries are one of the few technologies that can be used across a full range of energy system applications and charge-discharge timescales. Of the 12 applications currently considered only 2 (Primary and secondary response) are currently incentivised by National Grid market systems - the MUCH larger, longer duration, Peaker replacement market ( see https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/74184.pdf ) has not even been touched yet.
6. Vanadium flow batteries (VRFBs) are rather simple devices with only a single metal ion, Vanadium, in the energy storage electrolyte. The cost of this currently comprises about 40% of the overall cost of the Vanadium flow Battery, quite unlike any other battery chemistry.
7. Flow batteries are already cost competitive with Lithium-ion ( https://www.energy-storage.news/blogs/cellcubes-highly-vertical-ambitions-for-long-duration-redox-flow-batteries ) but can not burn.
7. Whilst the planet has huge potential Vanadium resources (Vanadium is more plentiful than Chrome, Nickel, Zinc AND COPPER) we currently only mine it at tiny rates - eg 1/200th of the rate of copper. Why - because we never had the need to as the main current application of Vanadium only requires about 90,000 tonnes V per year. The 20 GWh VRFB production per year that Navigant forecasts would require the same amount again.
8. There are only 4 significant producing Vanadium plants outside of China. We own two of them.
9. There are around 15 established VRFB manufacturers. When our deals with Avalon, RedT and Enerox are concluded we shall have stakes and guarantees to supply 3 of them.
The size of this opportunity is not one you will get again in your lifetime.