Quantum Block Regulatory News (QBT)

Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc - Final Results

PR Newswire

London, June 29

30 June 2022

Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc(“QBT” or “the Company”)

FINAL RESULTS

The board of Quantum Blockchain Technologies (AIM: QBT) is pleased to report its final results for the year ended 31 December 2021.

The 2021 Annual Report and Accounts will be posted today, together with the AGM notice and form of proxy to those shareholders who have requested to receive printed documents.

The Annual Report and Accounts, AGM notice and form of proxy will also be available on the Company's website under the “Investor Relations – Annual Reports and Circulars” section.

The AGM will be held at Company’s legal address, 22 Great James Street London WC1N 3ES, at 12.00 pm on Friday, 22 July 2021. 

For further information please contact:

Quantum Blockchain Technologies PlcFrancesco Gardin, CEO and Executive Chairman +39 335 296573

SP Angel Corporate Finance (Nominated Adviser & Broker)Jeff Keating +44 (0)20 3470 0470Kasia Brzozowska

Leander (Financial PR)Christian Taylor-Wilkinson +44 (0) 7795 168 157

About Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc

QBT (AIM: QBT) is an AIM listed investment company which has recently realigned its strategic focus to technology related investments, with special regard to Quantum computing, Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies and AI sectors. The Company has commenced an aggressive R&D and investment programme in the dynamic world of Blockchain Technology, which includes cryptocurrency mining and other advanced blockchain applications.

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT

I am pleased to present the Group’s Final Results for the year ended 31 December 2021.

It has been a transformational year for the Company, setting new foundations and starting to build new perspectives for the future. On this basis, the Company’s name changed from Clear Leisure to Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc.

The new strategy (approved by shareholders at the General Meeting held on 6 May 2021) focused on addressing the goal of cheaper and faster Bitcoin mining as a result of advanced Research and Development (“R&D”) on Quantum Computing, Artificial Intelligence, and state of the art ASIC chip design. The Company believes there are tangible and disruptive optimisations that can be made at multiple levels within the end-to- end Bitcoin mining process. This led to QBT launching an intense in-house R&D programme aimed at creating advanced proprietary techniques for Bitcoin mining, with the primary goal to encounter and exploit new important efficiencies of the mining process.

We believe QBT’s approach differs from other crypto currency miners. Our choice has been driven by the consideration that the current crypto-currency mining sector is a very “capital intensive” market, due to the never-ending necessity of continuously updating the miners’ fleet. We aim to disrupt this market feature, changing it into “knowledge intensive” with the Company occupying a leading position by exploiting special features that we are discovering within the BTC mining algorithm to unlock faster and cheaper mining processes.

The first milestone in implementing the above strategy has been the setup of an excellent R&D team comprising nearly 20 experts selected from across the UK and the EU, including highly skilled professionals, PhD students and university professors with expertise in Quantum Computing, Machine Learning, Cryptography and Algorithm Optimisation Theory.

The R&D team is working on the following promising research areas:

The R&D team delivered its first important accomplishment in September 2021, when the Company filed the patent application for the ASIC UltraBoost. The ASIC UltraBoost is an improvement of the Bitcoin mining process, which eliminates redundant computation of a key part of the Bitcoin mining algorithm, resulting in a faster and more efficient mining process as it reduces the number of operations across the three iterations of SHA256 by approximately 7%.

The Company is also working on other patent applications, including an update of the ASIC UltraBoost and another patent application derived from the work of the AI and Quantum Computing team.

At the same time, a number of Bitcoin algorithm core architectures for an FPGA chip have been selected. Initial tests have been strategically performed on an FPGA chip to keep the testing cost low. As a result, the Company is now in a much better position to assess the performance projection of its SHA256 Bitcoin mining architectures options, before transfering this solution over to an ASIC chip. Moreover, access to ASIC synthesis tools allows early assessment of final performance on different nanometres (“nm”) scales, including the 5nm current Company target.

As announced in November 2021, a non-disclosure agreement was signed with an international research & development organisation, which is active in the field of nanoelectronics, to give the Company access to one of the few 5nm semiconductor fabrication plants currently operational in the world.

QBT is researching multiple alternative routes to cheaper and faster Bitcoin mining. On this note it is also important to mention that the initial internal assessment shows promising results for other research areas. For instance, early experimental applications of AI techniques to multiply by several factors the speed of computing the Bitcoin mining algorithm, which would make even an FPGA chip a competitive Bitcoin mining tool. Should this route be successful, the same principle could apply to ASIC, materially improving the performance of already existing machines, and most importantly it would represent a quick way to commence the mining operations.

Furthermore, the Company’s Quantum Computing internal team has explored two main Quantum Computing paradigms: quantum annealing, and logic quits based quantum algorithms. While tests confirm the theoretical quantum supremacy nature of the approach, namely orders of magnitude compared to classic computers to compute SHA-256, the quantum hardware technology is still evolving to become practically usable. Meanwhile the Company intends to secure patents to protect the algorithms developed, while waiting for quantum computers to become available with enough computing elements of a quality required for sustainable quantum computations.

To support the R&D activity, QBT purchased advanced computing facilities in a data center in Northern Italy, which include Computer Processing Units (“CPUs”) with more than 256 cores, Graphics Processing Units (“GPUs”) in excess of 55,000 cores, two top of the range FPGA, several Terabytes of Random-Access Memory (“RAM”) and 2 Petabytes of storage for Very Large Big Data to be analysed. Moreover, cloud access to a quantum computer and other cloud computing facilities makes the development environment a state-of-art IT development platform for QBT’s R&D Team.

Investments in R&D during the year under review, since the launch of the programme in mid-2021, amount altogether to €406,000, of which €164,000 has been invested in hardware equipment supporting R&D and €226,000 in costs related to cloud services and consultants.

The launch of this new strategy has been facilitated by the £3.3m (before expenses) in funds raised by the Company during the year under review via two equity placings and pursuant to the exercise of most of the warrants granted to the Company’s investor as part of the second 2021 placing announced on 22 February 2021.

As a strong motivational element to deliver results under the new strategy, the Company issued 237.5m share options to its directors and staff at prices of 5p and 10p per new ordinary share of 0.25 pence each in the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) being a premium of 61% and 222% of the share price as of 31 December 2021).

Finally, in respect of its “Legacy Assets”, the Company, via its wholly owned subsidiary Clear Leisure 2017 Limited (“CL17”) continues to pursue the legal claim against the previous management and internal audit committee of Sipiem in Liquidazione S.p.A’s (“Sipiem”) . A crucial step forward was achieved during the year: in May 2021 the Venice Court appointed independent expert valued damages suffered by Sipiem at up to €7.8m (subject to the Judge ruling that the conduct of Sipiem’s former board and internal audit committee was unlawful). Furthermore, in November 2021, the Judge granted CL17’s request to file additional relevant documentation giving evidence of further damages of up to €1m, which the Court appointed independent expert did not previously take into consideration, bringing the value of the claim up to €8.8m.

CL17 is also continuing its claim against Sosushi S.r.l’s (“Sosushi”) former management team, valued at €1.03m, and assessing the launch of a €20m legal action against Mediapolis S.p.A’s (“Mediapolis”) previous management and internal audit committee. For accounting purposes these claims carry a fair value of €4.4m.

In June 2021 the Company increased its stake in Forcrowd S.r.l (“Forcrowd”) to 41.17%. Moreover, in December 2021, Forcrowd concluded its first equity crowdfunding campaign (104% overfunded) for Make Me Srl.. With this first success, Forcrowd will soon start hosting mini-bond campaigns looking with confidence for new projects to finance.

PBV Monitor S.r.l (“PBV”) continued its focus on enlarging its editorial and directory business and finding new partnerships for its intelligence service, while Geosim System Ltd (“Geosim”) continued working on the completion of 3D Reality Model for a major North American airport.

In conclusion, the business re-positioning completed in 2021 has not been easy but pushed the Company back into a growth trajectory. The first results of this new strategy are already promising, although they represent only a fraction of what QBT hopes and intends to achieve going forward.

In the meantime, we are also pleased and proud of having returned value to our long-term shareholders, as QBT’s share price increased by an astonishing 1070% during 2021, making us the best performing share on AIM in 2021.

Financial Review

The Group reported a total comprehensive loss of €5,396,000 for the year ended 31 December 2021 (2020: €1,208,000) and a loss before tax of €5,449,000 (2020: €1,208,000). Operating losses for the period were €4,970,000 (2020: €1,087,000).

Included within administrative expenses are charges relating to the recognition of share options totaling €2,622,000 (2020: nil) and within finance costs are charges for the revaluation of derivatives totaling €143,000 (2020: €126,000). The increase of these items is strictly dependent on the high volatility of the Company’s share price during 2021, used for the calculation according to the relevant accounting standards.

The undiluted Net Asset Value (“NAV”) of the Group has decreased by €601,000 in 2021, compared to an increase of €2.5m in 2020. The Group had Net Current Liabilities of €3.9m as at 31 December 2021 (2020: assets of €4.9m), a decrease of €8.8m.

Post-Balance Sheet Events

On 11 January 2022, the Company received £700,000 (before expenses) resulting from the exercise of 35 million warrants over 35 million new Ordinary Shares at a price of 2p each. Similarly, £350,000 (before expenses) was received on 31 March, as a result of the exercise of 17.5 million warrants over 17.5 million new Ordinary Shares at a price of 2p each.

On 30 March 2022, the Company called a Bondholders Meeting, with regard to the Zero-Coupon Bond originally issued in 2013 (“Bond”) which was held on 21 April 2022, to seek Bondholders’ approval to extend the maturity date of the Bond from December 2022 to 15 December 2024 and change the conversion price of the Bond into the Company’s new Ordinary Shares from 15p to 5p.

On 6 April 2022, QBT also announced it had agreed with MC Strategy S.A. (an Eufingest S.A. demerged Company), the sole bondholder of the €3.5m 2020 Zero Coupon Bond to extend its maturity date from 15 December 2022 to 15 December 2024.

On 21 April 2022, at the Bondholder’s meeting all resolutions were passed.

On 5 May 2022, the Company provided an update regarding Sipiem court proceedings. Following the 4th May 2022 Court Hearing, the parties have now 60 days to file their final written arguments and then a further 20 days to file their written replies. The Company expects the Court to pass its final judgement by the end of 2022.

On 23 May 2022, QBT provided an update on the In-house R&D Programme and its recent findings. On this note, the Company announced the launch of experimental Bitcoin mining using proprietary knowledge-based algorithms.

Outlook

The Board remains committed to return value to its stakeholders by:

The Board remains positive as the technology investments are deemed sound and promising, and the legal claims have strong merit with counterparties that are expected to be solvent.

GROUP INCOME STATEMENT AND STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.

GROUP AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2021

An income statement for the parent company is not presented in accordance with the exemption allowed by S408 of the Companies Act 2006. The parent company’s comprehensive loss for the financial year amounted to €5,517,000 (2020: loss of €447,000).

GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve:

Share capital represents the nominal value of equity shares.

Share premium amount subscribed for share capital in excess of the nominal value.

Retained losses cumulative net gains and losses less distributions made and items of other

comprehensive income not accumulated in another separate reserve.

Included within retained losses are movements relating to the grant, exercise, and fair value movement of the warrants issued during the year.

Other reserves consist of three reserves, as detailed in Note 23, see below:

Merger reserve relates to the difference in consideration and nominal value of shares issued

during a merger and the fair value of assets transferred in an acquisition of 90% or more of the share capital of another entity.

Loan note equity reserve relates to the equity portion of the convertible loan notes.

Share option reserve fair value of the employee and key personnel equity settled share option scheme as accrued at the reporting date.

The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The following describes the nature and purpose of each reserve:

Share capital represents the nominal value of equity shares.

Share premium amount subscribed for share capital in excess of the nominal value.

Retained losses cumulative net gains and losses less distributions made and items of other comprehensive income not accumulated in another separate reserve. Included within retained losses are movements relating to the grant, exercise, and fair value movement of the warrants issued during the year.

Other reserves consist of two reserves, as detailed in Note 23, see below:

Loan note equity reserve relates to the equity portion of the convertible loan notes.

Share option reserve fair value of the employee and key personnel equity settled share option scheme as accrued at the reporting date.

.

GROUP AND COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

The accounting policies and notes form part of these financial statements.

NOTES FOR THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2021

1.General Information

Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc is a company incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006. The Company’s ordinary shares are traded on AIM of the London Stock Exchange. The address of the registered office is given on the Company Information page. The nature of the Group’s operations and its principal activities are set out in the Directors’ report on page 13.

2.Accounting policies

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the period covered by these consolidated financial statements.

Basis of preparation

The consolidated Financial Statements of Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc have been prepared in accordance with United Kingdom adopted international accounting standards ("UK adopted IFRS") and the parts of Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation of assets and liabilities held at fair value.

The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed in Note 3.

The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Euros (€), the presentational and functional currency, rounded to the nearest €’000.

The Group has adopted the ‘interest rate benchmark reform’ phase 1 in the current year. This has not had a material impact on the Group financial statements.

New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet adopted

The Group decided not to early adopt the following amendments to standards which are not yet mandatory.

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non- current (issued January 2020)

The amendments clarify that the classification of a liability as current or non-current is based only on rights existing at the end of the reporting period and the classification is not affected by expectations about whether rights to settle or defer a liability will be exercised. Further, the amendments clarify that the settlement of a liability refers to the transfer of cash, equity instruments, other assets, or services to the counterparty. This amendment only affects presentation.

The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2024 and is not yet adopted in the United Kingdom.

The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.

Amendments to IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (issued in May 2020)

The amendments require any proceeds from selling items produced (and related production costs) in the course of bringing an item property, plant and equipment into operation to be recognised in profit or loss clarifying that such items are not reflected in the cost of the asset.

The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and is not yet adopted in the United Kingdom.

The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.

Amendments to IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (issued in May 2020)

The amendments clarify that the cost of fulfilling a contract are costs that relate directly to that contract. Such costs can be the incremental costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs directly related to fulfilling that contract.

The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2022 and is not yet adopted in the United Kingdom.

The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.

Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16 Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2 (issued in August 2020)

The amendments are aimed at helping companies to provide investors with useful information about the effects of the reform of interest rate benchmarks on those companies’ financial statements.

The amendments complement those issued in 2019 and focus on the effects on financial statements when a company replaces the old interest rate benchmark with an alternative benchmark rate as a result of the reform. The Phase 2 amendments relate to:

The Group does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from these amendments.

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Disclosure of Accounting Policies (issued in February 2021)

The amendments enhance the disclosure requirements relating to an entity’s accounting policies and clarify that the notes to a complete set of financial statements are required to include material accounting policy information. Material accounting policy information, when considered with other information included in the financial statements, can reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of financial statements make on the basis of the financial statements. The amendments help preparers determine what constitutes material accounting policy information and notes that accounting policy information which focuses on how IFRS has been applied to its own circumstances is more useful for users of financial statements than standardised information or information duplicating the requirements of IFRS.

The amendment also states that immaterial accounting policy information need not be disclosed but when it is disclosed it shall not obscure material accounting policy information. Further, if accounting policy information is not deemed material this does not affect the materiality of related disclosure requirements of IFRS.

The disclosure of judgements made in applying accounting policies should reflect those that have had the most significant effect on items recognised in the financial statements.

The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and is not yet adopted in the United Kingdom.

Amendments to IAS 8 Definition of Accounting Estimates (issued in February 2021)

The amendments define accounting estimates as monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty. An accounting policy may require an item in financial statements to be measured at a monetary amount that cannot be observed directly so that in order to achieve the objective of an accounting policy, an estimation is required.

The amendments state that the development of an accounting estimate requires the use of judgement or assumptions based on the latest available reliable information and involve the use of measurement techniques and inputs. Accounting estimates might then need to change as a result of new information, new developments or more experience.

A change in input or measurement technique is a change in accounting estimate which is applied prospectively unless the change results from the correction of prior period errors.

The amendment is effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and is not yet adopted in the United Kingdom.

Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction (issued in May 2021)

The amendments specify how companies should account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations.

In specified circumstances, companies are exempt from recognising deferred tax when they recognise assets or liabilities for the first time. Previously, there had been some uncertainty about whether the exemption applied to transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations—transactions for which companies recognise both an asset and a liability.

The amendments clarify that the exemption does not apply and that companies are required to recognise deferred tax on such transactions. The aim of the amendments is to reduce diversity in the reporting of deferred tax on leases and decommissioning obligations.

The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with early application permitted and is not yet adopted in the United Kingdom.

Basis of consolidation

Where the company has control over an investee, it is classified as a subsidiary. The company controls an investee if all three of the following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability of the investor to use its power to affect those variable returns. Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change in any of these elements of control.

The consolidated financial statements present the results of the company and its subsidiaries as if they formed a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full. All subsidiaries have a reporting date of December.

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the acquisition method. In the statement of financial position, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date on which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date on which control ceases.

On consolidation, the results of overseas operations are translated into euros at rates approximating to those ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations, including goodwill arising on the acquisition of those operations, are translated at the rate ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening rate and the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve.

Exchange differences recognised profit or loss in Group entities' separate financial statements on the translation of long-term monetary items forming part of the Group's net investment in the overseas operation concerned are reclassified to other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve on consolidation.

On disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative exchange differences recognised in the foreign exchange reserve relating to that operation up to the date of disposal are transferred to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as part of the profit or loss on disposal.

Investments in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less any provision for impairment.

Investments in associates

Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method.

The carrying amount of the investment in associates is increased or decreased to recognise the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate, adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies of the Group.

Unrealised gains and losses on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in those entities. Where unrealised losses are eliminated, the underlying asset is also tested for impairment.

In the year ended 31 December 2020, the investment in ForCrowd Srl was carried at cost, which was not materially different to its fair value at that time. In the prior year accounts, it was shown within Investments in the Statement of Financial Position.

Foreign currency

The functional currency is Euro. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year- end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the income statement within ‘finance income or costs’. All other exchange gains and losses are presented in the income statement within ‘other (losses)/gains – net’.

Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in foreign currency classified as available for sale are analysed between translation differences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Translation differences related to changes in amortised cost are recognised in profit or loss, and other changes in carrying amount are recognised in other comprehensive income.2. Accounting policies (continued)

Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and any deferred tax.

Current taxes are based on the results of the Group companies and are calculated according to local tax rules, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the reporting date.

Deferred tax is provided in full using the financial position liability method for all taxable temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes. Deferred tax is measured using currently enacted or substantially enacted tax rates and laws. Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the statement of financial position liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the asset can be utilised. Deferred tax is recognised for all deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries and associates, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised.

Revenue

The Group provides consultancy services, which are invoiced at the point of the provision of the service. Revenue is recognised as earned at a point in time on the unconditional supply of these services, which are received and consumed simultaneously by the customer. The Group measures revenues at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the provision of consultancy services net of Value Added Tax.

Interest income

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Computers 25% on cost

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit or loss.

Impairment of tangible assets

At each reporting end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Financial instruments

Classification and measurement

The Company classifies its financial assets into the following categories: those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL) and those to be held at amortised cost.

Classification depends on the business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Management determines the classification of financial assets at initial recognition. The Company’s policy with regard to financial risk management is set out in Note 20. Generally, the Company does not acquire financial assets for the purpose of selling in the short term.

The Company’s business model is primarily that of “hold to collect” (where assets are held in order to collect contractual cash flows). When the Company enters into derivative contracts, these transactions are designed to reduce exposures relating to assets and liabilities, firm commitments or anticipated transactions.

Financial Assets held at amortised cost

The classification applies to debt instruments which are held under a hold to collect business model and which

have cash flows that meet the “solely payments of principal and interest” (SPPI) criteria.

At initial recognition, trade receivables that do not have a significant financing component, are recognised at their transaction price. Other financial assets are initially recognised at fair value plus related transaction costs, they are subsequently measured at amortised costs using the effective interest method. Any gain or loss on derecognition or modification of a financial asset held at amortised cost is recognised in the income statement.

Financial Assets held at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL)

The classification applies to the following financial assets. In all cases, transaction costs are immediately expensed to the income statement.

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables are measured at initial recognition at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. For trade receivables, where there is no significant financing component, fair value is normally the transaction price. A provision is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due. The amount of any provision is recognised in the income statement.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value with maturities of three months or less from inception.

Impairment of financial assets

A forward looking expected credit loss (ECL) review is required for: debt instruments measured at amortised costs are held at fair value through other comprehensive income: loan commitments and financial guarantees not measured at fair value through profit or loss; lease receivables and trade receivables that give rise to an unconditional right to consideration.

As permitted by IFRS9, the Company applies the “simplified approach” to trade receivable balances and the “general approach” to all other financial assets. The general approach incorporates a review for any significant increase in counter party credit risk since inception. The ECL reviews including assumptions about the risk of default and expected loss rates. For trade receivables, the assessment takes into account the use of credit enhancements, for example, letters of credit. Impairments for undrawn loan commitments are reflected as a provision.

Financial liabilities

Borrowings and other financial liabilities (including trade payables but excluding derivative liabilities) are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and are subsequently measured at amortised costs.

Convertible bonds

Convertible bonds are regarded as compound instruments, consisting of a liability component and an equity component. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible debt. The difference between the proceeds of issue of the convertible loan notes and the fair value assigned to the liability component, representing the embedded option to convert the liability into equity of the Group, is included in equity.

Issue costs are apportioned between the liability and equity components of the convertible loan notes based on their relative carrying amounts at the date of issue. The portion relating to the equity component is charged directly against equity.

The interest expense on the liability component is calculated by applying the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible debt to the liability component of the instrument. The difference between this amount and the interest paid is added to the carrying amount of the convertible loan note.

Borrowings costs

Interest-bearing borrowings are initially recorded at fair value net of attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortised cost with any difference between proceeds and redemption value being recognised in the profit or loss over the period of the borrowings on an effective interest basis.

Trade payables

Trade payables are initially measured at fair value, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Segmental reporting

In identifying its operating segments, management generally follows the Group's service lines, which represent the main products and services provided by the Group. The measurement policies the Group uses for segment reporting under IFRS 8 are the same as those used in its financial statements. The disclosure is based on the information that is presented to the chief operating decision maker, which is considered to be the board of Quantum Blockchain Technologies plc.

Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Group will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the year-end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Group are recorded at the proceeds received net of direct issue costs.

Share capital account represents the nominal value of the shares issued.

The share premium account represents premiums received on the initial issuing of the share capital. Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium, net of any related income tax benefits.

Retained losses include all current and prior period results as disclosed in the statement of comprehensive income.

Other reserves consist of the merger reserve, share option reserve and loan equity reserve.

Government Grants

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the group will comply with all attached conditions. Government grants which are revenue in nature are recognised on a systematic basis within other income in the Statement of Comprehensive Income over the period in which the group recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

Research and development costs

Development costs are recognised as an asset only when all of the following criteria are met:

The research and development expenditure that does not meet the recognition criteria are not capitalised and are recognised as an expense as incurred, as shown in note 7.

3.Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

Fair value measurement

Management uses valuation techniques to determine the fair value of financial instruments (where active market quotes are not available) and non-financial assets. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. Management bases its assumptions on observable data as far as possible, but this is not always available. In that case management uses the best information available. Estimated fair values may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s length transaction at the reporting date.

In order to arrive at the fair value of investments a significant amount of judgement and estimation has been adopted by the Directors as detailed in the investments accounting policy. Where these investments are un- listed and there is no readily available market for sale the carrying value is based upon future cash flows and current earnings multiples for which similar entities have been sold. The nature of these assumptions and the estimation uncertainty as a result is outlined in Note 15, along with sensitivities in Note 20.

Going Concern

The Group’s activities generated a loss of €5,396,000 (2020: loss of €1,208,000) and had net current liabilities of €3,863,000 as at 31 December 2021 (2020: net assets of €4,857,000). The Group’s operational existence is still dependent on the ability to raise further funding either through an equity placing on AIM, or through other external sources, to support the on-going working capital requirements.

After making due enquiries, the Directors have formed a judgement that there is a reasonable expectation that the Gro up can secure further adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and that adequate arrangements will be in place to enable the settlement of their financial commitments, as and when they fall due.

For this reason, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Whilst there are inherent uncertainties in relation to future events, and therefore no certainty over the outcome of the matters described, the Directors consider that, based upon financial projections and dependant on the success of their efforts to complete these activities, the Group will be a going concern for the next twelve months. If it is not possible for the Directors to realise their plans, over which there is significant uncertainty, the carrying value of the assets of the Group is likely to be impaired.

Notwithstanding the above, the Directors note the material uncertainty in relation to the Group being unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.

4.Segment information

The Directors are of the opinion that under IFRS 8 - "Operating Segments" there are no identifiable business segments that are subject to risks and returns different to the core business of investment management. The information reported to the Directors, for the purposes of resource allocation and assessment of performance is based wholly on the overall activities of the Group. Therefore, the Directors have determined that there is only one reportable segment under IFRS 8.

The Group has not generated a material level of income and has no major customers.

5.Staff costs

Remuneration of the highest paid Director was €327,000 (2020: €267,000).

There are no retirement benefits accruing to the Directors. Details of directors’ remuneration are included in the Directors’ Report.

7.Expenses by nature

With regard to the total R&D expenditure, as of 31 December 2021 the Company also purchased property, plant and equipment for €164,000 (see note 14). Further expenditure occurred at the beginning of 2022.

8.Investments in associates

The Group has a 41.17% equity interest in ForCrowd Srl.

Summarised financial information of the Group’ share in this associate is as follows:

In the prior year, this investment was carried at fair value through profit or loss and categorised on the Statement of Financial Position with other non-current investments.

9.Finance (costs)/income

11.Employee numbers

The Group has a potential deferred tax asset of €7,775k arising from €31,100k of unutilised trading losses, capital losses, and management expenses available for carry forward and relief against future taxable profits. The deferred tax asset has been measured at 25% (2020: 19%) being the rate substantially enacted at the year end. The deferred tax asset has not been recognised in the financial statements in accordance with the Group's accounting policy for deferred tax.

The Group's unutilised losses are as follows:

The standard rate of tax for the current year, based on the UK effective rate of corporation tax is 19% (2020: 19%). The standard rate of Research and Development Tax credit is 14.5% of the enhanced R&D expenditure. The actual rate for the current and previous year varies from the standard rate for reasons set out in the following reconciliation:

The UK government has announced that the corporation tax rate will increase from 19% to 25% with effect from 1 April 2023.

13.Earnings per share

The basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares during the period adjusted for the dilutive effect of share options, warrants and convertible loans outstanding during the period.

The loss and weighted average number of shares used in the calculation are set out below:

14.Tangible fixed assets

No depreciation has been charged in the year as the computer was still in the construction stage of completion.

The tangible fixed assets relate in full to the Group’s IT infrastructure dedicated to the R&D programme.

The Company held no tangible fixed assets during the years ended 31 December 2020 and 2021.

15.Investments

The significant entities for which the Group owns shares, including the parent company, held at 31 December 2021 were as follows:

The registered office of all UK companies is: 22 Great James Street, London, England, WC1N 3ES.

The registered office for QBT R&D Srl is Via Mazzini 38, Rovigo (RO), 45100.

The registered office for Clear Holiday Srl is Viale Francesco Restelli 1/3, Milano (MI), 20124. The registered office for Alnitak S.A. is L-1212, Luxembourg, 3, Rue de Bains.

The registered office for Mediapolis Investment S.A is Rue Val des Bons Malades 231, 2121, Luxembourg- Kirchberg.

The registered office for Sosushi Company Srl is Via Parravicini 40, Monza (MB), 20900.

The registered office for Fallimento Mediapolis Srl is Via Friuli 10, Burtolo (TO), 10010.

The registered office for ORH Spa is Via Ponte Vetero 21, Milano (MI), 20121.

The registered office for Birdland Srl is Via Quaranta 40, Milano (MI), 20139.

The registered office for Sipiem SPA is Via Mazzini 38, Rovigo (RO), 45100.

The registered office for Bibop Srl is Via Bernardo Quaranta 40, Milano (MI), 20139.

The registered office for Forcrowd Srl is Via Vincenzo Monti 52, Milano (MI), 20123.

The registered office for Class Finance Srl is Via Conservaorio 30, 20122, Milan.

The registered office for PBV Monitor Srl is Via Matteotti 13, Brebbia (VA), 21020.

The registered office for Geosim Systems Limited is Granit St. Petach-Tikva 4951446, Israel.

The registered office for Beni Immobili Srl is Via Torino 58, Biella (BI), 13900.

The registered office for TLT SPA is Via Trento 5, Biella (BI), 13900.

The directors have assessed the group’s interests in other entities on an individual basis and come to the overall conclusions as detailed in the table below. Please see the note narrative for additional information on an entity by entity basis.

Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC

This entity is the UK based group parent.

Brainspark Associates Limited

This entity is a 100% owned UK incorporated subsidiary of Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC and has been included in the consolidation.

Clear Leisure 2017 Limited

This entity is a 100% owned UK incorporated subsidiary of Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC and has been included in the consolidation.

QBT R&D Srl

This entity is a 100% owned subsidiary of the group incorporated in Italy which has been incorporated on 7 July 2021 with its first accounts made up to 31 December 2021. This entity has been included in the consolidation.

Milan Digital Twin Limited

This entity is a 100% owned UK incorporated subsidiary of Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC. This entity only includes unpaid share capital and has not begun operating. It has been included in the consolidation with an overall impact of nil.

London Digital Twin Limited

This entity is a 100% owned UK incorporated subsidiary of Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC. This entity only includes unpaid share capital and has not begun operating. It has been included in the consolidation with an overall impact of nil.

Clear Holiday Srl

Clear Holiday Srl is a 100% owned subsidiary of the group incorporated in Italy. However, this entity has not been consolidated on the basis that it is immaterial to the group financial statements. The balances held within the company are not with external third parties and therefore the overall impact on the accounts would be trivial.

Miner One Limited

Miner One Limited is a 100% owned UK based entity. The entity itself was initially set up with the hope of transferring certain assets, notably a data centre located in Serbia into its possession. However, due to disputes with the previous joint venture partner this did not materialise. In 2021 this entity remained dormant and did not trade during the year. This entity only includes unpaid share capital and has not begun operating, it has been included in the consolidation with an overall impact of nil.

Alnitak S.A.

Alnitak S.A. is a 100% owned subsidiary incorporated in Luxemburg. The entity remained inactive during 2021 and in February 2022 it was discontinued following the conclusion of a liquidation process begun on 25 February 2021.

Mediapolis Investment S.A.

Mediapolis Investment S.A. is a 71.72% owned subsidiary incorporated in Luxembourg. The company itself is inactive and is not trading. Previous management failed to pay accountants and local directors for the previous six years and no financial statements have been filed for over seven years. Although this entity is inactive and 71.72% of the shares are held by the group, there is no active management in Luxembourg, and this has led to a difficulty in finalizing a liquidation.

The most recent accounts available were produced in 2010 and the main asset held by the entity is the investment of 13% of the capital in another former group company, Fallimento Mediapolis Srl, which has been liquidated. This investment is carried at approximately EUR6.6m and has been impaired to nil in previous years. Therefore, the non-consolidation of this entity is deemed to be immaterial to the group.

On 6 May 2021 Mediapolis Investment S.A. has entered a liquidation process and the Group does not expect any further assets or liabilities to arise from these proceedings.

Sosushi Company Srl

Sosushi Company Srl was a 99.3% owned entity incorporated in Italy. On 24 June 2021, the Company received notification that Sosushi has been declared bankrupt. Sosushi’s bankruptcy does not impact on the Company’s balance sheet, as the receivables remain collectable, and the litigation is held via Clear Leisure 2017.

Fallimento Mediapolis Srl

Fallimento Mediapolis Srl was a 84.04% equivalent owned entity incorporated in Italy. Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc held directly 74.67% of the capital of the company whilst a 13% stake was held via Mediapolis Investment S.A as noted above. The company was liquidated in 2017 and therefore this is the date from which control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for Fallimento Mediapolis Srl has not been consolidated into the group financial statements.

ORH S.P.A

ORH S.P.A was a 73.4% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The company was liquidated in 2013 and therefore this is the date from which control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for ORH S.P.A has not been consolidated into the group financial statements.

Birdland Srl

Birdland Srl was a 52% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The stake in the entity was indirectly owned via Brainspark Associates Limited. The company was discontinued on 28 December 2020 following a liquidation process commenced during 2017. Therefore, the financial information for Birdland Srl has not been consolidated into the group financial statements.

Sipiem S.P.A

Sipiem S.P.A is a 50.17% owned entity incorporated in Italy. The entity has not been trading for a number of years and has only been maintained due to the ongoing legal matters with the former directors. An amount receivable has been recognised at the group level relating to the part of the claim which is payable to Quantum Blockchain Technologies PLC. The company is now in liquidation which commenced in 2015. Therefore, this is the date from which control is deemed to have been lost. Therefore, the financial information for Sipiem S.P.A has not been consolidated into the group financial statements. The investment in Sipiem S.P.A is accounted at fair value through profit or loss.

Bibop Srl

Bibop Srl was a 36.94% equivalent owned investment in a company incorporated in Italy that was held via Birldand Srl. As Birdland Srl was liquidated the group does not control or exercise significant influence on Bipop Srl and, accordingly the company is not consolidated, or equity accounted in the group financial statements. As the investment is not held directly by the group, no value is recognised in the financial statements.

ForCrowd Srl

ForCrowd Srl is a 41.17% owned investment in an entity incorporated in Italy. The group has determined that it holds significant influence over this associate given the voting rights arising from its shareholding. Consequently, this investment has been categorised in the accounts within "Investments in equity-accounted associates" and is carried in the accounts at the Group's share of the associate's net assets, with the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate being brought into the Group's results for the year.

Previously, this investment was categorised in the financial statements within "Investments" and hence has been re-categorised in the year ended 31 December 2021.

ClassFinance in Liquidazione Srl

ClassFinance in Liquidazione Srl is a 20% owned investment of the group incorporated in Italy. No fair value is recognised for this investment as the entity has not been trading for a number of years. The company was placed into liquidation in 2015. The investment in ClassFinance in Liquidazione Srl is accounted at fair value through profit or loss.

PBV Monitor Srl

PBV Monitor Srl is a 10% owned investment in an entity incorporated in Italy. The investment has been recognised in the accounts at fair value through profit or loss.

The Fair Value of PBV Monitor (€77,000, 2020: €302,000) has been assessed in relation to the last equity round of the company in January 2022, in which the entire post money valuation of the company was €770,000, with Quantum Blockchain Technologies directly holding the 10% of such amount.

The post money valuation at which the Company invested in 2018 was €340,000, which also represented the Company’s valuation of PBV in Pre Covid-19 conditions. The difference between this original value and the current Fair Value is not attributable to a change of fundamentals to the business. Similarly, the progress made in 2020 has not highlighted any significant divergence from the original business plan.

The difference in the valuation is therefore attributable to lower value attributed to the company during the 2022 equity round. The key assumptions underpinning the equity round at the start of 2022 remain applicable.

The Fair Value assessment of PBV Monitor, is directly related to the company’s valuation in future rounds.

Geosim Systems Limited

Geosim Systems Limited is a 4.53% owned investment in an entity incorporated in Israel. The investment has been recognised in the accounts through its fair value and is held via Brainspark Associates Limited.

The Fair Value of Geosim (€587,000, 2020: €546,000) has been assessed in relation to the last equity round of the company in 2018, in which Quantum Blockchain Technologies’ 533,990 Geosim shares have been valued at $1.25 each. The difference in the valuation between 2020 and 2019, attributable to the variance in the EUR/USD exchange rate.

The Fair Value assessment of Geosim is directly related to the company’s valuation in future rounds and to the EUR/USD exchange rate.

Beni Immobili Srl

Beni Immobili Srl is a 15.05% equivalent owned investment in an entity incorporated in Italy. The shares in this company are held via Sipiem S.P.A. No fair value is recognised for this investment as the entity has minimal net assets and the valuation would be trivial to the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, as the investment is held via Sipiem S.P.A, which is in liquidation, the investment has not been recognised as an asset.

TLT S.P.A

TLT S.P.A is a 0.25% owned investment based in Italy. No fair value is recognised for this investment as the entity has a large net liability position and due to the small shareholding, any potential valuation would be trivial to the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, as the investment is held via Sipiem S.P.A, which is in liquidation, the investment should not be recognised as an asset.

An amount of €587,000 (2020: €546,000) included within Group investments held for trading is a level 3 investment and represents the fair value of 533,990 shares in GeoSim Systems Ltd. GeoSim Systems Ltd is an Israeli company seeking to establish itself as the world leader in building complete and photorealistic 3D virtual cities and in delivering them through the Internet for use in local searches, real estate and city planning, homeland security, tourism and entertainment. Quantum Blockchain Technologies owns 4.53% of GeoSim Systems Ltd.

An amount of €77,000 (2020: €302,000) included within Company investments held for trading is a level 3 investment and represents the fair value of a 10% interest in PBV Monitor Srl (“PBV”). PBV is an Italian company specialising in the acquisition and dissemination of data for the legal services industry, utilising proprietary market intelligence tools and dedicated search software. Quantum Blockchain Technologies acquired 10% of PBV in December 2018. As part of the investment agreement, Quantum Blockchain Technologies was granted a seat on the board of PBV and was appointed as exclusive advisor to PBV regarding the possible sale of PBV from 1 January 2020 for a period of four years and will be entitled to a 4% commission fee on the proceeds of any sale.

16.Trade and other receivables

Group other receivables includes an amount of €4,445,000 (2020: €4,445,000) due in relation to the ongoing Sipiem legal claim, which is unsecured, interest free and does not have fixed terms of repayment; and an amount of €132,000 (2020: €132,000) due in relation to the Fallimento Mediapolis Srl bankruptcy procedure.

The Directors consider that the carrying value of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.

17.Cash and cash equivalents

The Directors consider the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximates to their fair value.

18.Trade and other payables

The Directors consider that the carrying value of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value.

19.Borrowings

Interest on the bonds is payable annually on 31 March each year. The bonds at 31 December 2021 include all unpaid interest and interest accrued to that date.

On 25 March 2013 the Company issued €3,000,000 nominal value of zero rate convertible bonds at a discount of 22%. The bonds are convertible at 15p per share and have a redemption date of 15 December 2015.

During 2014 the Company issued €1,885,400 zero bonds in settlement of £1,563,000 7% bonds (see above). Also €600,000 zero bonds were issued in settlement of a debt of €518,000 and €450,000 bonds were issued for cash realising €412,000 before expenses.

On 15 December 2015 the bondholders meeting approved the amendments on the Zero Rate Convertible Bond 2015, originally due on 15 December 2015; Under new terms the final maturity date of the Bond is 15 December 2017 and the interest has been reduced from 9.5% to 7%.

On 15 December 2016 the bondholders meeting approved the amendments on the Zero Rate Convertible Bond 2015, originally due on 15 December 2017; Under new terms the final maturity date of the Bond is 15 December 2018 and the interest has been reduced from 7% to 1%.

On 19 June 2018, the holders of its €9.9m Bonds agreed to extend the final maturity date of the Bonds from 15 December 2018 to 15 December 2022. The Company is now able to convert the Bonds into new ordinary shares of 0.25p each.

On 28 December 2018, bonds with a face value of €2,100,000 plus cumulative interest were converted into 50,992,826 new ordinary shares of 0.25 pence at a price of 3.76 pence per share.

On 5 October 2020, Eufingest SA agreed to extend the repayment date of all loans advanced to the company amounting to €3,375,000 and £30,000 to 31 October 2020.

On 9 November 2020 Eufingest SA agreed to convert all outstanding loans and accrued interest amounting to €3,423,707 into Zero rate convertible bond 2020. The Zero Coupon Bonds 2020 accrue interest at a rate of 2% per annum. Bondholders can convert at any time up to 15 December 2022 at a conversion price of £0.01 per share. The Zero rate convertible bond 2020 is accounted for as a financial instrument with both debt and equity characteristics. The debt element was valued using a market rate assessed by the Directors of 7.99%.

 In April 2022, QBT agreed with the sole bondholder of the €3.5m 2020 Zero Coupon Bond to extend the maturity date from December 2022 to December 2024.

Also, with regard to the 2015 Zero Coupon Bond, via a Bondholders’ meeting held on 21 April 2022, the Company extended the maturity date from 15 December 2022 to 15 December 2024 and amended the conversion price into Company’s new ordinary shares from 15p to 5p.

Key Assumptions

The derivative element of the Zero Coupon Bonds 2015 were valued at each year end using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The following assumptions were used at each period end.

Zero Coupon Bonds 2015

The Group’s financial instruments comprise cash, investments at fair value through profit or loss, investments in equity-accounted associates, trade receivables, trade payables that arise from its operations and borrowings. The main purpose of these financial instruments is to provide finance for the Group’s future investments and day to day operational needs.

The Group does not enter into any derivative transactions such as interest rate swaps or forward foreign exchange contracts, as the Group’s exposure to movements in foreign exchange rates is not considered significant (see Foreign currency risk management). The main risks faced by the Group are limited to interest rate risk on surplus cash deposits and liquidity risk associated with raising sufficient funding to meet the operational needs of the business.

The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing these risks and they are summarised below.

FINANCIAL ASSETS BY CATEGORY

The categories of financial assets included in the statement of financial position and the headings in which they are included are as follows:

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES BY CATEGORY

The categories of financial liabilities included in the statement of financial position and the headings in which they are included are as follows:

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value measurement of level 2 and level 3 financial instruments, as well as the inter-relationship between key unobservable inputs and fair value, are set out in the table below.

The Group has adopted fair value measurements using the IFRS 7 fair value hierarchy.

Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined on the basis of the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset as follows:

Level 1: valued using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

Level 2: valued by reference to valuation techniques using observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1;

Level 3: valued by reference to valuation techniques using inputs that are not based on observable markets criteria.

The Level 3 investment refers to an investment in GeoSim Systems Ltd and PBV Monitor Srl.

Capital risk management

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Group will be able to continue as going concerns while maximising the return to stakeholders through optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The capital structure of the Group consists of debt attributable to convertible bondholders, borrowings, cash and cash equivalents, and equity attributable to equity holders of the Group, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained earnings, all as disclosed in the Statement of Financial Position.

Significant accounting policies

Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement and the basis on which income and expenses are recognised, in respect of each class of financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument disclosed in Note 2 to the financial statements.

Financial risk management objectives

The Company is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing activities. The Group’s risk management is coordinated by the board of directors and focuses on actively securing the Company’s short- and medium-term cash flows by raising liquid capital to meet current liability obligations.

Market price risk

The Company’s exposure to market price risk mainly arises from movements in the fair value of its investments held for trading. The Group manages the investment price risk within its long-term investment strategy to manage a diversified exposure to the market. If the investments were to experience a rise or fall of 15% in their fair value, this would result in the Group’s net asset value and statement of comprehensive income increasing or decreasing by €97,000 (2020: €160,000).

Liquidity risk management

Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with the Board of Directors, which monitors the Group’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements on an appropriate basis. The Group has minimal cash balances at the reporting date (refer to Note 2 – Basis of preparation and going concern). The Group continues to secure future funding and cash resources from disposals as and when required in order to meet its cash requirements. This is an on-going process and the directors are confident with their cash flow models.

The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of financial liabilities:

Management believes that based on the information provided in Notes 2 and 3 – in the ‘Basis of preparation’ and ‘Going concern’, that future cash flows from operations will be adequate to support these financial liabilities.

Interest rate risk

The Group and Company manage the interest rate risk associated with the Group cash assets by ensuring that interest rates are as favourable as possible, whilst managing the access the Group requires to the funds for working capital purposes.

The Group’s cash and cash equivalents are subject to interest rate exposure due to changes in interest rates. Short-term receivables and payables are not exposed to interest rate risk. The borrowings are at fixed interest rates.

Change in interest rates will affect the Group’s income statement as follows:

The analysis was applied to cash and cash equivalents based on the assumption that the amount of asset as at the reporting date was available for the whole year.

Foreign currency risk management

The Group undertakes certain transactions denominated in currencies other than Euro, hence exposures to exchange rate fluctuations arise. Amounts due to fulfil contractual obligations of £208,000 (2020: £Nil) are denominated in sterling. An adverse movement in the exchange rate will impact the ultimate amount payable, a 10% increase or decrease in the rate would result in a profit or loss of £21,000 (2020: £Nil). The Group’s functional and presentational currency is the Euro as it is the currency of its main trading environment, and most of the Group’s assets and liabilities are denominated in Euro. The parent company is located in the sterling area.

Credit risk management

The Group’s financial instruments, which are subject to credit risk, are considered to be trade and other receivables. There is a risk that the amount to be received becomes impaired. The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk is €4,905,000 (2020: €5,191,000) comprising receivables during the period. About 91% (2020: 67%) of total receivables are due from a single company. The ageing profile of trade receivables was:

21.Share capital and share premium

All ordinary shares carry equal rights.

The deferred shares have restricted rights such that they have no economic value.

22.Share based payments

On 14 April 2021, Francesco Gardin, a director, was granted options to subscribe for 100,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 5 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2022 and 6 May 2026. Francesco Gardin was also granted options to subscribe for 100,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 10 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2023 and 6 May 2026.

On 2 June 2021, a consultant was granted options to subscribe for 10,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 5 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 15 May 2022 and 15 August 2022.

On 27 September 2021, an employee was granted options to subscribe for 5,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 5 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2022 and 6 May 2025. The same employee was also granted options to subscribe for 5,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 10 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2023 and 6 May 2025. Another employee was granted options to subscribe for 5,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 5 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2022 and 6 May 2026. The second employee was also granted options to subscribe for 5,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 10 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2023 and 6 May 2026. A third employee was granted options to subscribe for 2,500,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 5 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 6 May 2022 and 6 May 2024.

On 15 December 2021, Reginald Eccles, a director, was granted options to subscribe for 5,000,000 new ordinary shares in the Company at an exercise price of 10 pence per share. The options are exercisable for the period between 1 December 2021 and 1 December 2026.

The total share-based payment expense recognised in the income statement for the year ended 31 December 2021 in respect of the share options granted was €1,160,000 (2020: €Nil).

The significant inputs to the model in respect of the options granted during the year were as follows:

The tables below disclose the movements in share options during the year.

23.Other reserves

The Group considers its capital to comprise ordinary share capital, share premium, retained losses and its convertible bonds. In managing its capital, the Group’s primary objective is to maintain a sufficient funding base to enable the Group to meet its working capital and strategic investment needs. In making decisions to adjust its capital structure to achieve these aims, through new share issues, the Group considers not only their short-term position but also their long-term operational and strategic objectives.

On 22 February, the Company raised £1,000,000 (before expenses) through the placing of 100,000,000 Ordinary Shares at a price of 1 pence per share to an individual investor, Mr John Story. Mr Story was also granted 100,000,000 warrants over 100,000,000 new Ordinary Shares exercisable at a price of 2 pence per Ordinary Shares until 26/02/2023.

In October QBT issued 17,500,000 new Ordinary Shares at a price of 2 pence per share, following the exercise of 17,500,000 warrants of the 100,000,000 warrants granted to Mr John Story, raising £350,000 (before expenses). In December the Company issued 30,000,000 new Ordinary Shares at a price of 2 pence per share, following the exercise of 30,000,000 warrants of the 100,000,000 warrants granted to Mr John Story, receiving £600,000 (before expenses).

At the year-end date, 52,500,000 outstanding warrants were held by Mr Story and these were valued at €969,000 at the year end. This amount is included within ‘Derivative Financial Instruments’ in the Statement of Financial Position.

25.Ultimate controlling party

The Group considers that there is no ultimate controlling party.

26.Related party transactions

Transactions between the company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties have been eliminated on consolidation, but are disclosed where they relate to the parent company. These transactions along with transactions between the company and its investment holdings are disclosed in the table below, with all amounts being presented in Euros and being owed to the Group:

During the year, Quantum Blockchain Technologies Limited made sales totalling €4,000 (2020: €Nil) to QBT

R&D Srl.

During the year, QBT R&D Srl made sales totalling €27,500 (2020: €Nil) to Quantum Blockchain Technologies Limited.

During the year, Metals Analysis Limited, a company in which R Eccles is a Director, charged Quantum Blockchain Technologies Plc €66,000 (2020: €53,000) for consultancy fees. The amount owed to Metals Analysis Limited at year end is €3,000 (2020: €4,000).

Remuneration of key management personnel

The remuneration of the directors, who are the key personnel of the group, is included in the Directors Report.

Under “IAS 24: Related party disclosures”, all their remuneration is in relation to short-term employee benefits.

27.Events after the reporting date

During the first months of 2022, the Company has been involved in the following:

In January the Company issued 35,000,000 new Shares at a price of 2 pence per share, following the exercise of 35,000,000 warrants of the 100,000,000 warrants granted to Mr John Story, receiving £700,000 (before expenses).

In March the Company issued 17,500,000 new Shares at a price of 2 pence per share, following the exercise of 17,500,000 warrants of the 100,000,000 warrants granted to Mr John Story, receiving £350,000 (before expenses).

In April, QBT agreed with the sole bondholder of the €3.5m 2020 Zero Coupon Bond to extend the maturity date from December 2022 to December 2024.

Also, with regard to the 2015 Zero Coupon Bond, via a Bondholders’ meeting held on 21 April 2021, the Company extended the maturity date from 15 December 2022 to 15 December 2024 and amended the conversion price into Company’s new ordinary shares from 15p to 5p.

On 11 February 2022, Alnitak S.A., a 100% owned subsidiary was liquidated following the conclusion of a liquidation process which begun on 25 February 2021.

28.Prior year adjustment

The comparative figures for the year ended 31 December 2020 have been restated as set out in the tables below:

Restated Group Statement of Financial Position as at 1 January 2020

Restated Company Statement of Financial Position as at 1 January 2020

Restated Group Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020

Restated Company Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2020

Notes to prior year restatement tables Group and Company

In previous periods, the Group had incorrectly accounted for the Zero Coupon Bonds 2015 and these were subject to a prior year adjustment in the year ended 31 December 2020 as detailed in the accounts. Following renegotiations in December 2018, this loan included a redemption premium which was required to be amortised over the life of the loan, with annual charges included in finance costs in the Income Statement. The initial accounting for this was incorrect.

Pre 1 January 2020 Adjustments