RE: No wishful thinking..16 May 2024 16:52
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DECARBONISATION
Within that supply picture there are likely to be several factors of rising importance, namely what type of iron ore is likely to be most sought after in coming years.
Steel production accounts for about 8% of global carbon emissions, and about 16% of China's total emissions, making efforts to decarbonise the industry vital to the net-zero goals put forward by most countries and companies.
The low-hanging fruit for steel makers is to use better quality iron ore in the process, as this increases the efficiency of furnaces and also limits the need for sintering, which is the process of using heat to agglomerate iron ore fines for use in a basic oxygen furnace (BOF).
Chinese steelmakers at last week's event in Singapore were keen to show their commitment to reducing their carbon intensity, while still using much of their existing technology.
This makes sense for them as much of the steel mills' capital equipment is relatively new and has a long lifespan ahead.
One way the mills see to reduce carbon emissions is to use higher-grade agglomerates such as pellets and hot briquetted iron (HBI).
It's possible to upgrade iron ore fines, even lower grade material, into pellets and HBI, and it's furthermore possible to do this using a green energy source such as hydrogen, or a less polluting than coal fuel, such as natural gas.
Major iron ore miners are already taking steps, with Brazil's Vale (VALE3.SA), opens new tab advancing plans to build hubs in the Middle East to produce HBI using natural gas.
There are also studies underway to use green hydrogen to produce HBI in Western Australia, where top exporters Rio Tinto (RIO.AX), opens new tab, BHP Group (BHP.AX), opens new tab and Fortescue Metals Group (FMG.AX), opens new tab have mines and port facilities.
The likely issue is whether the cost of making higher-grade material can be recovered through more efficient steel production, or whether some form of carbon taxes is needed to make the process viable.
The opinions expressed here are those of the author, a columnist for Reuters.