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MHC molecules is the general name given to the highly polymorphic glycoproteins encoded by MHC class I and MHC class II genes, which are involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells. They are also known as histocompatibility antigens. this is what attracts the T cell ... The histocompatibility antigens are cell surface glycoproteins expressed on nucleated cells whose major function is to bind peptides within the cell or from outside and present them at the cell surface for inspection by T cells of the immune system. dont forget the T cells are naive but still will not attack self .... because of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_deletion so the t cells have this inbuilt programming that they will not accept which is why "recognised is used" its the recognition of the presented peptide displayed which the t cell decides is non self which they then activate on then this chemical exchange is carried out that further refines the T cell function .. on our CD4 that looks like a better reasoning path ... ATB

You have your own reasoning for how you see things, like the pd1 synergy process etc i posted on. you have made quite a firm statement of how you see the t cell are attracted to and activated by the APC. I have already explained my reasoning, so that is as far as we can take this discussion. mine is "presented" .... which is different to your idea which is "recognise" ... which would indicate the T cell already had the antigen targeted before meeting the APC ATB

Moditope is way more complex as its a MHC-11 interaction, and the T cells are variables they are after all the generals of the immune response ... but this presentation is even more complex as the cancer it self has to be forced to present .... again by our friend Interferon Gamma If autophagy is triggered during normal cellular homeostasis or to promote cell survival, the triggering of a CD4C helper response would be unhelpful. In contrast, under nutrient depletion, hypoxia or intracellular infections these cells may have a vital role to play. The key may be""" interferons that induce class II expression."""" Although immune cells constitutively express MHC class II, other cells, including epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells and endothelial cells, lack expression unless induced by interferons. Thus, autophagy induced in the presence of interferons would allow presentation of peptides on newly synthesized MHC-II molecules. Infections or cellular damage that induce an interferon response would stimulate a T cell response. If interferons also activate PADIs then these T cells would recognize citrullinated peptides.

CD4 T cells can differentiate into multiple effector subsets, including ThCTL that mediate MHC-II restricted cytotoxicity.

so u see big difference in how you have worded "corresponding to" .... when the APC presents to ... can you show reasoning ie how did you come to this conclusion ""A CD4 T cell with surface receptors corresponding to those peptides then binds to the APC.""" only that sounds like the T cell is already "tuned" to Scancells modified epitopes with out ever seeing th

boom ... "the binding is the encoding" ... the activation involves a host of messaging These cells are also known as CD4+ T cells because they express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surfaces. Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokines that regulate or assist in the active immune response. These cells can differentiate into one of several subtypes, including TH1, TH2, TH3, TH17, TH9, or TFH, which secrete different cytokines to facilitate different types of immune responses. Signalling from the APC directs T cells into particular subtypes.[4] in our cast the sub type is a cytotoxic cd4

actually i think i know what boom is trying to get across .. lets call it Areas ....lets make it really simple bacteria epitopes area 1 .. self cell epitopes area 2 .... 50% of my t cells can engage area 1 .............. 50% can engage area 2 in other words certain CD4 would be attracted more than others to the APC which is now "licensed" to activate t cells

appreciate now when i said ... tcr activation .. is PHD level Plus ..

yes that is how it happens, which is why i don't understand Booms post , however other mechanisms are also in play that produce the Very stable activated T cell we are interested in the CD4 ... because that is the area for moditope, which are far more complex beast that the cd8's in that they can change phenotype T cell recognition of antigen presenting cells depends on their expression of a spectrum of peptides bound to Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) and class II (MHC-II) molecules. Conversion of antigens from pathogens or transformed cells into MHC-I and MHC-II-bound peptides is critical for mounting protective T cell responses, and similar processing of self proteins is necessary to establish and maintain tolerance. Cells use a variety of mechanisms to acquire protein antigens, from translation in the cytosol to variations on the theme of endocytosis, and to degrade them once acquired. In this review we highlight the aspects of MHC-I and MHC-II biosynthesis and assembly that have evolved to intersect these pathways and sample the peptides that are produced. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4026165/

i have to wait booms response ... Ray ...

its a key and a lock ... The key is looking for its lock ........ on the cancer forget antibodies .... don't confuse what the APC' are doing with the T cells ..

can you show reasoning ie how did you come to this conclusion ""A CD4 T cell with surface receptors corresponding to those peptides then binds to the APC.""" only that sounds like the T cell is already "tuned" to Scancells modified epitopes with out ever seeing them

I hope you can appreciate all these what appear as small areas, are in them selves PHD level plus research ..

great minds wild ... LOL

this is exactly the resultant process that the BioNtech collaboration is identifying ... these "created" TCR ie activated T cells TCR is what they want to clone

When the TCR engages with antigenic peptide and MHC (peptide/MHC), the T lymphocyte is activated through signal transduction, that is, a series of biochemical events mediated by associated enzymes, co-receptors, specialized adaptor molecules, and activated or released transcription factors that is the process Good luck LOL

just making sure you understand that the t cells are not modified just encoded .. given a direction ...

yes it encodes the T cell so that they search for the Peptides (antigens epitopes) that Scancell selects the amplivant adjuvant side differentiates the CD4 to TH1

No ... the natural uptake by the APC engages the T cell ... all Scancells T cells are natural so the response seen is natural, (nothing artificial in the T cells) which is why the synergy between PD1 and SCIB1 .... will be seen,

the APC s pick up the peptides and prime the CD4 cell to differentiate into a cd4 killer cells to attack those peptides seen on a cancer , again the more they attack, they release interferon gamma attracting more T cells creating clonal expansion which breaks tolerance with the sheer numbers that expand hence they over whelm the suppression of the cancer