RE: Breakout?22 Oct 2024 08:10
Given the current discussion I'd like to repost some data culled from various reports in 2023.
The earth is said to have formed containing about sixteen times more silver than gold. Most of the gold ever mined is still held as wealth in the form of jewellery or bullion. Conversely ever more silver is consumed by industry, with recycling not very economic at current prices.
Silver is currently mined at a little below a ten to one ratio with gold, that is to say less than ten ounces of new silver come out of the ground for every new ounce of gold. Surprisingly many consider this fact more important than relative production costs when debating what constitutes a "fair" gold to silver price ratio. So for reference, primary gold miner's average all-in-sustaining-costs in 2023 are about $1350/oz of gold, whilst the average AISC of primary silver miners is around $13/oz of silver. However, huge pre-existing inventories buffer the pricing dynamics of gold supply, and silver is largely priced as a by-product of mining other metals where even primary silver mines produce much more than just silver. Without "credits" from other metals, primary silver miner's average AISC in 2023 are estimated to be around $38/oz of silver.
Roughly 6billion ounces of gold have been mined throughout history with about 3billion ounces still stored as "good delivery" ingots in bullion vaults around the world. This massively dwarfs production of about 120million new ounces of gold per year with investment demand for physical gold around 150million ounces per year.
In comparison it is estimated that of the roughly 45billion ounces of silver historically mined, only about 2billion ounces are still in bullion vaults as "good delivery" ingots. In 2022 about 200million ounces of new silver was produced by primary silver mines, almost 650milllion more ounces as by-product from other mines and over 150million ounces was recovered from recycling. Monetary purchases currently make up over a quarter of the roughly 1200million ounce total annual silver demand meaning that freshly refined silver coming to market currently exceeds all industrial needs. Current silver "deficits" can therefore be addressed simply by establishing a price that encourages a change of name tag on ingots already stored in vaults. However, annual mine production has been falling whilst industrial silver consumption is forecast to keep growing, which may eventually start to drain vaults.
Put another way, at 2023 prices, 3billion ounces of gold is worth around $6000bn, 2billion ounces of silver is worth almost $50bn, yet the global savings and investment market is worth hundreds of trillions of dollars. If only a little of the cash currently invested in gold moved to a speculative play on silver, the whole silver market would be swamped. Similarly if even a tiny fraction of mainstream savings moved in to precious metals, the whole bullion market could be swamped.