RE: Rns25 Mar 2021 17:52
"There is much confusion about what is meant by the R value."
I have to admit that I hadn't looked into the specifics of the R number, there's a good article in thebmj.
"What is the R number?
The R number could refer to either the basic reproduction number, known as the R nought or zero (R0), or the effective reproduction number (Re).
R0 describes how many people each infected person will infect on average, assuming that there is no pre-existing immunity in the community. It is often estimated using three factors: the duration of contagiousness after a person becomes infected, the likelihood of infection in each contact between a susceptible person and an infectious person or vector, and the frequency of contact.
Re is the number of people that can be infected by an individual at any specific time, and it changes as the population becomes increasingly immunised, either through individuals gaining immunity after being infected or through vaccination, and also as people die. Re can also be affected by people’s behaviour, such as by social distancing. R0 and Re are often confused or just referred to as the R number.1
What are the R0 and Re for SARS-CoV-2?
SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that has caused the covid-19 pandemic, has an estimated R0 of around 2.63, says the University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Evidence Service Team. However, estimates vary between 0.4 and 4.6. This is not unusual, as R0 estimates often vary, with different models and data being used to calculate it. Measles, for example, has been assigned R0 values of between 3.7 and 203.03.2
The Re will also vary across different countries and between regions. The UK prime minister, Boris Johnson, said on 10 May that the Re in England was currently “between 0.5 and 0.9, but potentially just below 1.” In Scotland, first minister Nicola Sturgeon said it was between 0.7 and 1.
In Germany, the Robert Koch Institute reported on 9 May that the Re had risen to 1.1 just days after the country began to ease lockdown measures. The same effect was also seen in Denmark when it reopened primary schools in April: the Re rose from 0.6 to 0.9.
Is the Re important?
Many politicians have pointed to the Re as an important measure to determine how well their country is responding to the pandemic and what can happen next. German chancellor Angela Merkel appeared on television to explain the reasoning behind her government’s strategy, referring to the reproduction number.3 Meanwhile Boris Johnson told the public on 10 May that easing lockdown in England would depend on whether the reproduction number could be kept down.
It is often presented in simple terms: if the Re is above 1 then the outbreak is expected to continue, but if it can be reduced to less than 1 the outbreak will end. This is because if each person who is infected in turn infects less than one person, the outbreak will reduce; an Re of 0.5 would mean that 10 infected people would infect five others, who would then infect another 2.5."