RE: Webinar Tuesday25 Mar 2025 22:08
The helium market has unique supply, demand and storage dynamics, leading to almost a continual increase in prices. Over the last decade, helium demand has flatlined (due to a lack of supply), against a backdrop of 30% global GDP growth. Rather than GDP-linked helium demand growth, as with most commodities, the price has had to go up each year instead. Over the last 20 years, helium pricing has increased at a CAGR of 8% reaching ~US$375/mcf in late 2022 – this is around 100x current US natural gas pricing (AKAP Energy, 2023).
With the worst of the most recent helium shortage seemingly behind us, the helium business is a classic oligopoly with four global shortages since 2006. Helium pricing is complex, with the price for large quantities at the source increasing by an estimated 11% per year from 2006-2022 (Kornbluth, 2023).
Demand by sector 2019
Medical
Electronics
Purging
Analytics
Industrial
Lifting
Breathing
Other
Sector Percentage
Medical 23%
Electronics 25%
Purging 5%
Analytics 8%
Industrial 18%
Lifting 6%
Breathing 3%
Other 15%
Source: Modified from Kornbluth Helium Consulting
The current global market for bulk liquid helium is worth over US$2.8 billion with the import price to China now exceeding US$450 per thousand cubic feet (mcf) in 2022. Market growth is based on sustained demand growth driven by growing need for helium due to its high-value, high-tech uses.
There is an ongoing supply crisis of helium since the closure of the US federal reserve in 2019.
The majority of helium is sourced as a by-product of hydrocarbon production, with concentrations typically in the range of 0.04-0.35%. As a low grade by-product it is not possible to increase current production to meet new demand, therefore current supply is inelastic to supply shocks.
A new source of high-grade primary helium is required to provide a flexible and responsive, low-cost, low-carbon sustainable source, not associated with hydrocarbons.