RE: Binding Offer Explanation13 Jul 2025 08:03
They are covered here:
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/breakfee.asp
In their example, there is a break fee if the shareholders vote against the sale.
______________
Deal Break Fee Example
Rockwell Collins Inc. filed a Form 425 in anticipation of being acquired by United Technologies Corporation (UTC) in September of 2017.4 UTC then filed a Form S-4 in December 11, 2017, to describe in detail the proposed takeover of the company by United Technologies Corporation (UTC). The break fee clause in the filing stipulates that Rockwell Collins will pay to UTC $695 million if one of the following events occur:
- UTC terminates the merger agreement pursuant to the breach termination right on the basis of a breach of a covenant or agreement contained in the merger agreement.
- Either party terminates the agreement pursuant to the end date termination right or failure of Rockwell Collins to obtain shareholder approval.
- Rockwell Collins completes an [alternative] acquisition proposal or enters into a definitive agreement with respect to a[n alternative] proposal.5
_________
There are further examples here:
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/valuation/breakup-fee/
Events that Trigger a Breakup Fee
Some of the events that may trigger the breakup fee provision include the following:
- Company’s board of directors changes their mind.
- Shareholders fail to approve the deal.
- The seller chooses a competing bidder.
- Seller opts to open the deal to the public rather than just negotiating with the buyer named in the preliminary agreement.
- A previously undisclosed defect is discovered in the target company.
________________
So, with regards to @Happydays question in the PGM thread as to why JLP haven't rejected the offer, that would fall under 'Company’s board of directors changes their mind.' and a fee would need to be paid.
We don't know the size of the fee or the details of the binding offer, but the entire point of the binding offer is to prevent one party meeting the other party around.
These fees can be substantial:
AT&T’s failed purchase of T-Mobile USA
In 2011, the planned merger between AT&T and T-Mobile USA was opposed by the US Department of Justice and the US telecommunications regulator. Since the two parties initially agreed to a breakup fee provision, Deutsche Telkom received a breakup fee from AT&T.
The fee included $3 billion in cash payments, $1 billion to $3 billion in wireless spectrum, and a long-term agreement to allow UMTS roaming within the US for T-Mobile USA.