RE: CIMT Abstracts13 May 2024 19:00
isolation and characterisation of tcrs that recognise citrullinated and ****citrullinated post translationally modified peptides
s. paston1 , r. choudhury2 , s. shah2 , g. cane1 , j. chadwick1 , r. metheringham2 , f. master1 , r. herbertson3 , l. durrant1,2
1 scancell ltd, oxford, united kingdom
2 scancell ltd, nottingham, united kingdom
3 brighton and sussex university hospitals, brighton, united kingdom
under conditions of cellular stress, proteins can be post translationally modified causing them to be recognised by the immune system. one such stress induced post translational modification (siptm) modification is citrullination, the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline by peptidylarginine deiminase (pad) enzymes. we have previously shown that targeting citrullination can induce cd4 responses that provides efficient tumour therapy in vivo in a process mediated by autophagy.
we are currently running a phase 1/2, multicentre, open-label study of modi-1 in patients with breast, head and neck, ovarian, or renal cancer (the modify study) study. the moditope® vaccine incorporates two citrullinated vimentin peptides (vim28cit and vim415cit), and a citrullinated a-enolase peptide (eno241cit), each conjugated to the toll-like receptor (tlr)1/2 ligand adjuvant amplivant®. sixty percent of patients receiving modi-1 monotherapy show stable disease and one patient showed a partial response. currently we are recruiting patients receiving modi-1 in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
eighty three percent of patients make a t cell response to eno241cit, we have isolated a tcr from one of these patients. single-cell rna- & tcrseq was performed on sorted cd4+ ifnγ+. rnaseq analysis revealed these are cytotoxic cd4 t cells, using lentivirus-tcr transduced t cells we have successfully shown that two isolated tcrs react specifically to eno241cit peptide with little or no recognition of the wild type peptide. the epitope has been mapped and the presenting hla allele identified.
another post translational modification is the carbamylation of lysine to ****citrulline. this reaction occurs when isocyanic acid reacts with the amine (nh2) groups on lysine to yield ****citrulline. the carbamylation of amine groups leads to a change in molecular charge, which in turn alters antigenic properties and can lead to the generation of unique t cell and antibody epitopes. we have successfully isolated a cd8 tcr that specifically recognises a post translationally modified peptide from aldolase. the tcr recognises a 9mer peptide that has been modified with the conversion of lysine to ****citrulline at position 7 (vlaavy-hcit-al).
using lentivirus-tcr transduced t cells we have shown that the ****citrulline peptide is recognised and not wildtype, the epitope has been mapped and the hla restriction confirmed. t-cell based immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical responses in cancer patients. our own data in preclinical mouse models have sh