Outlook for tin.....28 Aug 2024 10:30
Demand
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute for Technology (MIT) in the United States have estimated that tin is the metal most likely to be positively affected by future technology.
Currently, tin is primarily used for soldering circuit boards, but researchers predict that tin will be the material of choice for the next generation of energy-generating and -storage devices. The explosive growth seen in recent years of new sectors, such as Artificial intelligence (AI), data centres, semiconductors and solar energy, is expected to continue.
Being the “glue” that holds all these components together, tin is a vital component in the manufacturing of all electronics including electric vehicles, advanced robotics, renewable energies, and advanced computing.
Demand for tin has historically grown at a steady 2%–3% per annum. The depletion of existing mine reserves and growing regulations have meant that global supply is unlikely to keep up with future demand.
Extract from the International Tin Association China Tin Industry Review 2023: “…the continued recovery in the semiconductor industry and slowing yet still high growth in new energy sectors will push world tin demand up by 4.4% to 376,300 tonnes in 2024, with China’s tin consumption to rise 3.9% to 189,100 tonnes. After an 8.2% slump in global semiconductor industry sales last year, a 13.1% market growth is projected for 2024 by WSTS, signaling a robust demand recovery.”
Supply
Four countries have historically produced 70-80% of global tin concentrate supply, but this is changing:
China’s mined tin output has fallen 28% over 10 years and stability is faltering
Indonesian mined tin is decreasing steadily while refined export restrictions exacerbate
Myanmar’s mined tin is decreasing while mining bans exacerbate the situation
Peru’s recently recovered mined tin may be temporary and social unrests remain a threat
China is a growing net tin importer but has constrained tin mining. In 2023, China imported an estimated 40,600t of contained tin in ores/concentrates from Myanmar, a decrease of 7,100t or 15% from 2022.
World mined tin production is under pressure, with inflationary pressures and challenging mining jurisdictions pushing up the cost curve for new entrants into the market.
Production problems in Indonesia and Myanmar, as well as the increasing cost curve, are the main drivers of the changing supply landscape:
Cost of energy, inflation and difficult mining conditions in Indonesia and Myanmar are pushing up operating costs
Indonesia and Myanmar are also facing a threat of export restrictions on tin concentrates
The tin market is suffering from severe under-investment in resources and development over the past few years. The “low-hanging fruit” has been mined out
New projects and mine expansions need to “see” a sustained robust tin price increase, with expansion projects requiring long lead times before coming into production.
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