RE: Labour pension reforms5 Jan 2024 17:37
Hardup, It's factually incorrect to say that "Gordon Brown taxed dividends". Firstly, dividends have always been (potentially) taxable and, secondly, dividend receipts in pension schemes have always been, and remain, exempt from tax. As far as I am aware, tax credits on dividends first came about from c1973 onwards as a result of the introduction of advance corporation tax (ACT) and, as such, it made sense to abolish tax credits when ACT was abolished. The fact that tax credits were abolished two years before ACT may have been down to the introduction of foreign income dividends in the mid-1990s which had the effect of reducing the amount of new, irrecoverable ACT arising thereafter which, in turn, reduced the Treasury's incomings. The fact that the effect might appear to be the same does not make them the same.
The reality is that the reimbursement of tax credits was always in part, if not fully, funded by large, multinational companies not being able to recover all of the ACT they were paying and if GB hadn't abolished tax credits then he'd have had to raise other taxes.
GB gave three main reasons for abolishing tax credits. Firstly, to encourage companies to reinvest more of their profits rather than (over) distributing them as dividends (the theory being that increased investment would lead to higher profits which, in turn, would lead to an increase in the value of the companies), secondly, because pension schemes were already sitting on large surpluses and, thirdly, because employers had already benefited from prolonged pension holidays (and could therefore afford to make contributions to offset the "lost" tax credits). As it turned out, GB's logic, through no fault of his own, was wrong. If he'd known that pension schemes were actually in deficit and that companies shouldn' have been taking pension holidays for the previous (say) 10 years, one has to think he'd have had to act differently.
GB isn't innocent but both companies and pension actuaries "colluded" to misrepresent the true situation. The fact is that for much of the late 1980s and early 1990s many UK companies were struggling; after the turmoil of the 1970s, profitability was low and cash was very tight (companies often couldn't afford to pay their employer pension contributions and so the pension holidays came as an absolute godsend). Likewise, actuaries were very slow to realise that rising longevity would have a major impact on their benefit cost calculations (and one suspects that companies were unlikely to have encouraged them to "look under the bonnet" even if they were so inclined - it's been my personal experience that nobody ever seems willing to question an actuary even though they are just as falliable as the next person).
Bottom line, neither companies nor the government (without raising other taxes) could afford to find the c£5bn annual cost of tax credits. We need to stop blaming GB alone. It was a collective effort.