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https://cleantechnica.com/2022/08/31/comparing-battery-chemistries-for-energy-storage-solutions/
I think Stryten is unique in supplying Lead, Li-Ion and VRFB batteries.
https://www.energy-storage.news/solar-energy-corporation-of-indias-1000mwh-energy-storage-tender-winner-revealed/
"Performance criteria included 95% minimum availability of resource on an annual basis, factoring in annual degradation expected.
Project owners should maintain 85% or higher roundtrip efficiency of their asset. Charging and discharging schedules will be set by the off-taker, with a ‘resting period’ of one hour with BESS assets to be utilised for up to two full charge-discharge cycles per day. Non-availability and lower-than-promised efficiency will be penalised."
I believe the performance criteria of 85% or higher roundtrip efficiency would make the choice of VRFB difficult?
https://redoxstorage.com/media/1038/powerrfb_productsheet-rss.pdf
https://www.vcecenergy.com/5KW-Vanadium-Redox-Flow-Battery-Energy-Storage-System-For-Residential-Use-Solar-and-Wind-Power-pd47416222.html
https://schmid-group.com/en/business-units/compact-storage/
Voltstorage in Munich started off with domestic sized VRFB, but now appear to only offer commercial and agricultural Vanadium batteries or Iron/Salt Flow LDES batteries.
https://voltstorage.com/en/
Nevada Vanadium is aiming to become the first primary vanadium mine producer in the U.S. with its 100%-owned Gibellini vanadium project, a proposed open pit, heap leach operation located in the Battle Mountain district of Nevada.
The Gibellini project includes three separate deposits, Gibellini, Louie Hill, and Bison McKay within a 21-kilometre strike length of the vanadium mineralized Woodruff Formation. The property covers approximately 46.3 square kilometres.
... The Gibellini project is estimated to host a measured and indicated resource of 131 million pounds of contained V205. On top of that is an inferred resource of 228 million pounds of V205. Gibellini is desiged to be an open pit, heap leach operation with an initial capital cost of US$147 million, average annual production of 10.2 million pounds of V205, at a cash operating cost of US$4.7 per pound.
https://resourceworld.com/flying-nickel-proposing-to-acquire-nevada-vanadium/
My understanding is that he said that c. 77 million was the implied value of the entirety of Cellcube/Enerox.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsXLOrjca-g
18:55
"Mustang ...recently announced the transaction to acquire to increase the shareholding in VRFB Holding to 49.5%, that transaction alone has got an implied valuation in there of about 77 million dollars for Cellcube, now we certainly think it's worth a lot more..."
https://www.energy-storage.news/north-americas-only-pure-homegrown-battery-gigafactory-serving-ev-and-bess-sectors-opens-in-new-york/
"The production line is at the quality assurance stage to begin with, until late September, but will begin making cells for sale to customers after that and then increase annual production levels to 1GWh by the end of next year.
Longer terms plans are to ramp that up to 1.8GWh annual capacity, equivalent to 15,000 cells per day, and then to 38GWh annual production by 2030."
"The project will benefit from a 20GWh/5GW battery facility, which will provide confidence that the power generated can be stored and delivered to Britain at the times when it is most needed. This will primarily be provided by Lithium-ion batteries like those used in electric cars, home battery systems and utility scale storage projects throughout the world."
https://xlinks.co/morocco-uk-power-project/
...14% is from secondary production methods involving the recovery of vanadium from fly ash, petroleum residues, and spent catalysts (Pradeep Kumar et al., 2021; White and Levy, 2021). It is worth noting that secondary production from spent vanadium-bearing refining catalysts is expected to rise sharply as a result of recent regulatory changes issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which limit the maximum sulfur content in bunker fuels (Topali and Psaraftis, 2019)."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004221012463
They don't mine the vanadium, they are Secondary Producers.
Up to $500,000 from USV towards the funding of external expenses
sl*g
"US Vanadium said the electrolyte production facility expansion will cost around US$2.1 million. The company produces various vanadium products from recovery from industrial waste streams: the metal is found in steel ****, which is a by-product of steel production. In August, it licensed its vanadium electrolyte manufacturing technology to startup Australian Vanadium and will also provide vanadium oxides to its near-namesake for electrolyte production in Australia."
https://www.energy-storage.news/us-vanadium-and-cellcube-partner-on-flow-battery-electrolyte-production-ramp-up-in-arkansas/
I've seen India mentioned as one source
Invinity already manufacture in America (albeit Canada)
Revenue for 2021 was £3.2M,
Loss was £21.4M.
I was going to post that VERL was still in place but a quick check of Companies House suggests that relationship might be in jeopardy!
I think the VIB is a format closer to LI-Ion (ie not Flow Battery) so not really comparable to Portliner.
It's a couple of months old so apologies if already posted!
https://splash247.com/hyundai-heavy-showcases-safe-vanadium-ion-battery-to-power-next-generation-ships/
Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) is promoting the use of a next-generation marine battery without the risk of explosion or fire as one of the many R&D strands it has pursued on the path to shipping decarbonisation.
The shipyard has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Standard Energy, which has developed the world’s first vanadium-ion battery (VIB), in a bid to create an energy storage system (ESS) for ships.
A VIB, which contains an electrolyte made from a mixture of water and ground vanadium, is fundamentally free from the risk of explosion or fire. It also features minimal heat production even in the event of overcharge or shocks.
Further, its output power and lifespan are nearly twice and more than four times as high as those of a lithium-ion battery. It is almost free from aging-induced degradation over repeated charge and discharge cycles, showing high stability and excellent durability.
Currently, lithium-ion batteries are generally used in ESS-equipped vessels, such as electric and hybrid ships. While a lithium-ion battery has the ability to achieve a compact size even in a large capacity, it can be easily exposed to explosion and fire accidents due to the highly volatile electrolyte it contains.
In cooperation with Standard Energy, Hyundai Heavy will develop a megawatt-class VIB-based ESS solution for ships to be demonstrated at sea, with a view to getting the solution certified within the first half of 2023. Further, it aims to complete the basic designs of a next-generation electrically powered ship and power transfer vessel.
What happens if Garnet doesn't want to play ball?