Bridging the Energy Gap: Bangladesh’s Strategic Pivot to Imported Coal20 Apr 2024 09:43
Factors pushing up coal imports
Increased demand from power sector: The increase in coal imports can be attributed to several factors. Notably, a key reason lies in the heightened requirement of imported coal for power generation. Inflation-related issues and coal supply shortages have been leading to electricity disruptions. With the addition of the Matarbari power plant in the current fiscal year, demand for coal has experienced a remarkable upsurge. In fact, six power plants across the country are now operational, utilising imported coal as a primary fuel source.
Insufficient domestic coal supplies: In response to the surging energy demands, Bangladesh has witnessed a remarkable increase in domestic coal production, notably facilitated by the Barapukuria Coal Mining Company Limited (BCMCL). Several factors have contributed to this surge, including successful agreements with the Chinese contractor XMC-CMC Consortium, aimed at roadway development and maintenance, alongside continued coal extraction activities from underground mines. To meet the growing demand, BCMCL increased coal production by 57% y-o-y to 767,307 tonnes in FY23.
However, despite the substantial increase in production, the country’s domestic coal supply still falls short of demand. This demand surge is evident in the country’s Annual Performance Agreement (APA) for the financial year 2022-2023, which aimed to sell 500,000 t of coal to the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). Due to BPDB’s high demand and BCMCL’s increased production, 0.76 mnt of coal were sold to BPDB in 2022-2023, surpassing the initial target. Notably, BCMCL ceased coal sales to local buyers from 19 March 2018, further accentuating the reliance on imported coal.
Outlook
It is anticipated that Bangladesh’s coal imports will likely increase in the near future due to escalating energy demands amidst inadequate domestic supply. Despite challenges like currency devaluation and supply disruptions, coal capacity expansion projects are underway to meet future energy needs. Projected coal consumption is expected to reach 19 mnt by 2026 from the present 13-14 mnt, driven by capacity additions and economic growth. Coal consumption is set to increase with plants like Matarbari and Banshkhali that are nearing commercial operation.
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