RE: Market Makers12 May 2023 20:19
An example of setting prices
So how does this work in practice?
Let’s say that, in a market where supply and demand is evenly balanced, a marker maker prices a UK stock at 199p-200p.
This means that they are prepared to buy the share at 199p and to sell it at 200p.
Now let’s say that some negative news comes in about the company.
For example, earnings could come in lower than forecast, a common reason for a sharp increase in the number of sellers.
Suddenly that UK stock may not look as attractive to buyers with a bid price of 199p.
This means that the number of buy orders might dry up.
Meanwhile, to sellers, an ask price of 200p might appear extremely favourable in light of that bad news.
So brokers could receive an influx of sell orders.
At 199p-200p, the shares are no longer in a state of supply and demand balance.
To restore market equilibrium, a market maker will have to adjust the bid-ask spread to eliminate the gulf between the level of buyers and sellers.
A market maker might have to amend the spread multiple times before supply and demand reach equilibrium again.
For example, they might begin by pricing a share at 198p-199p.
And they might find that the number of buy orders doesn’t match the number of sell orders until the price gets down to, say, 194p-195p.
At this point, they will settle on this new price.
But remember that markets don’t sit still for long.
A vast number of economic, industry, and company-specific factors are always competing at any one time to pull a UK stock’s bid-ask spread one way or another.
The art of market making involves responding to this in a timely manner and displaying up-to-date prices.