Manufacturing Energy costs19 Jun 2020 07:18
In a recent paper, Simon Davidson Kurland of Chalmers University estimated that 55-65kWh of energy was required to manufacture a kWh of a lithium ion battery cell.
A calculation (by Jiyun Heo of the Korean Institute of Science and Technology) describes the energy cost to produce 1kWh of vanadium electrolyte to be approximately 1kWh.
The energy cost for production of the stacks is low, involving relatively simple manufacturing processes such as injection moulding for plastic components and casting and machine of steel end plates.