RE: Valuation20 Aug 2025 11:50
For those concerned or asking the question, here is a concise ChatGPT explanation of the FCA's abilities when attempting to impose a scheme:
Legal and Regulatory Framework: FCA's Constraints
1. Statutory Authority Under FSMA Section 404
The FCA’s power to impose an industry-wide redress scheme derives from section 404 of the Financial Services and Markets Act (FSMA).
Under this provision, the FCA can act only if:
It appears there have been widespread or regular failures by firms to comply with requirements;
As a result, consumers have suffered or may suffer loss or damage for which a remedy would be available in court; and
It is desirable to secure redress via FCA rules rather than other routes.
FCA Handbook
Macfarlanes
Importantly, the “requirements” may include both FCA rules and general law (e.g., the Consumer Credit Act or negligence doctrines) that courts enforce.
FCA Handbook
The FCA cannot impose obligations retroactively or beyond legal remedies known under law at the relevant time.
FCA Handbook
2. Supreme Court Judgment Is Binding Law
In the motor finance (“Johnson”) case, the Supreme Court ruled that dealer-brokers do not owe their customers fiduciary duties, but that failure to properly disclose commission arrangements—especially discretionary ones—can render the relationship unfair under the Consumer Credit Act.
Cadwalader
Law Gazette
The Guardian
That ruling provides clarity on what is and isn’t unlawful—so any redress scheme must reflect these legal boundaries.
3. FCA Must Align Its Scheme with the Supreme Court Judgment
Following the judgment, the FCA announced it would consult on an industry-wide redress scheme, analyzing the judgment and anchoring its approach in legal precedent.
FCA
Cadwalader
The FCA's proposed scheme will focus on:
Discretionary Commission Arrangements (DCAs) that lacked proper disclosure.
Selected non‑DCAs where non‑disclosure made the agreement unfair, in line with the Supreme Court's decision in Johnson.
FCA
+1
Cadwalader
The FCA is also obliged to:
Consult publicly before imposing the scheme.
Conduct a cost‑benefit analysis.
Ensure that any rules are legally grounded, including seeking legal opinions (e.g., from Queen’s Counsel).
FCA Handbook
4. Conclusion: FCA Must Act Within the Law
No, the FCA cannot impose a redress scheme ignoring legal limits or Supreme Court rulings. It must follow:
Its statutory FSMA framework for redress schemes;
The legal findings of the Supreme Court regarding what constitutes unfairness in motor finance;
And it must do so through proper consultation, analysis, and legal justification.
Can the FCA Impose a Scheme Outside the Law?
Impose scheme ignoring law? No, Must follow FSMA and Supreme Court.
Cover practices deemed fair by courts? No, Only actions that courts would say are failures.
Use procedure without consultation? No, Must consult a