RE: AND THERE IS A CANCER LINK (Daily Mail)12 May 2020 09:13
a new pathogen needs to be identified ........... by the innate system ..... via the Dendritic cells (APC) which activate the T cells and in Scancells case via two signals which means the T cell is engaged longer with the Dendritic cell and gains High Avidity
an existing memory T cell activates on a pathogen that its seen before .. thus its already "adapted"
please explain how a T cell is activated on the border line ?
Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete cytokines that regulate or assist the immune response.
in Ref to the article
NK cells and ILCs may have evolved to provide a rapid response to environmental challenges. Myeloid and epithelial cell-derived cytokines and alarmins [G], such as IL-12, IL-23 and IL-33, can directly activate these innate lymphocytes without the need for further differentiation (Box 1). The ease of activation of these cells has to be balanced by stringent control mechanisms, because excessive activation may contribute to a loss or impairment of tissue function and facilitate inflammatory processes. Indeed, innate lymphocytes have recently been implicated in inflammatory disorders including diabetes, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, organ fibrosis and cancer 4–14. Insufficient function of innate lymphocytes can lead to tissue dysfunction, barrier breach and severe pathology during local infection 15,16. The mechanisms regulating the activation of innate lymphocytes are therefore highly relevant for a broad range of physiological and pathological immune responses.
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