RE: Sodium Ion Batteries Replacing Lithium?14 Dec 2025 16:32
Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjiqqafD_0w
I found this link quite good. Of course it is still only his opinion.
The density of sodium ion cathode powder is, on average, 45% less dense than an LFP cathode. Taking other factors into account this results in NA having an energy density that is around 15% less than an LFP. But lower packing also means the NA can move more freely which allows or a faster charge and discharge rate.
Gravitmetric energy density for high end LFP is 160 to 200 Wh/kg and NA is similar. However the volumetric energy density for NA is significantly worse (around 30% less).
Charging; NA is better at 5 min compared to 10 min for LFP. Plus NA can maintain fast charging speeds as sub zero temperatures.
NA has higher safety levels and lower thermal management requirements.
High performance LFP can have a lifespan of ~5,000 to 10,000 cycles.
NA is less but is expected to close the gap.
Cost; at at low production volumes NA material costs will be high but at scale the cost of materials for NA will go to almost zero. CATL had news hype around $10 Kw/hr but he does not believe this hype. But he presents an analyses that suggests that NA will not have “parity” status with LFP till 2039 reaching “advantage” status in 2047. This is based on “average” cell price but some manufacturers in some countries could hit that status sooner. He thinks CATL could possibly hit price parity by 2030. Economies of scale are the most important factor in the price. So although NA uses cheaper components, Lithium has a 30 year head start thus it will take some time for NA to catch up. However in a scenario where there are price shocks in the lithium production space then some NA batteries could reach parity earlier (perhaps by 2029). Even then it will take years to significantly displace lithium.
Still lithium will never be fully replaced. He thinks No. NA will take an ever increasing piece of an ever enlarging pie.
NA is great for grid storage because cost and cycle life are more important then volumetric energy density but won’t dominate that market till the mid 2030s because first they have to hit price parity, then they have to scale up, then they the market has to re-orientate around to NA.
NA is also a good choice for budget EVs where the customer is willing to sacrifice 30% of their range, possibly for the advantage of somewhat faster charging in sub-zero temperatures.
Solid state NA batteries could challenge for LFP for energy density but are at least 5 years away and probably 10 years away.
Suggestions to mix NA and LFP for benefits but he reckons it would add cost and complexity.
So in the short term (up to around 2035) the NA battery hype is unwarranted, but in the longer term the hype is warranted. Even then there will still be growing demand for lithium because it is fundamentally more energy dense and we will continue to see increasing demand in mass sensitive applications that need that spec (like the Tesla