The latest Investing Matters Podcast with Jean Roche, Co-Manager of Schroder UK Mid Cap Investment Trust has just been released. Listen here.
In conclusion, we have identified short ACE2, a new isoform of ACE2 predominantly expressed in differentiated airway epithelial cells, especially in cells of the upper airways, which are the main site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggest that the transcript encodes a 52-kDa protein that can be detected in airway epithelial cells, although, because it lacks a signal peptide, it may be a relatively unstable protein. We demonstrate that it is this isoform, rather than full-length ACE2, that is IFN regulated and inducible on RV infection. However, in conditions of IFN suppression, as observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection, or IFN-ß deficiency, as in asthma, short ACE2 is not induced to the same degree as normal. Although the function of short ACE2 is unknown, its regulation by IFN suggests that it may play an essential role in innate antiviral defense mechanisms in the airways. In our study, we performed detailed comparative dose–response studies and found that short ACE2 was not only upregulated by IFN-ß and IFN-?, reflecting innate epithelial responses to infection, but also by IFN-? and, to a much lesser extent, IFN-a, suggesting a further contribution from co-resident immune cells such as T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in vivo. Although we observed a small increase in long ACE2 expression in RV16-infected NECs, it seems unlikely that this was due to virus-induced IFN production, as we observed either no effect or an inhibitory effect of IFNs on long ACE2 expression. Given that viral infection also induces expression of cytokines such as IL-1ß, which has been reported to induce ACE2 expression49, it seems more likely that cytokines other than IFNs induce long ACE2, the viral receptor form of ACE2. Given the absence of key residues required for SARS-CoV-2 spike binding and the evidence that short ACE2 cannot bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein48, it is unlikely that IFNs have a detrimental effect in the airways by promoting SARS-CoV-2 entry, as has been suggested previously23. Such a conclusion is supported by a recent clinical trial of inhaled IFN-ß in hospitalized patients who showed greater odds of clinical improvement and recovery, as well as reduced breathlessness compared with placebo50, thus highlighting the antiviral benefits of IFN-ß.
Sorry it’s long but the full explanation was far longer. This is the key bit for me, it is just a waiting game now. It is a fact that this works, the above explains that simply. I believe and hope that today’s drop is due to shorts being closed out. Anyway I am confident of a massive upgrading with SNG.
This point here is massive from the RNS;
2. Nature Genetics: "A novel ACE2 isoform is expressed in human respiratory epithelia and is upregulated in response to interferons and RNA respiratory virus infection". 11 January 2021, accessible here.
If this fails I swear I will just buy Premium Bonds.
https://apple.news/ASqyomJocTjuEec3xy0oXJg
Hope the link works
CryptoChris
I have very fond memories of Romeo & Juliets I was on HMS Torquay in the 80’s and we broke our back in the North Sea. We had to put into Hull before we split apart, 2 weeks alongside, 3 got married 1 never returned, what a run ashore. Lovely people and a great run ashore.
I am hoping we will never see these prices again. I am buying another tranche of 20’000 shares then that’s my lot. I’ve bought as high as £2:10 and as low as 96p. Spent £180k. I have never invested so much in such a small company, only time will tell if this was a shrewd move or ridiculous folly.
Thanks for all your information and links I’ve the last few months. It gives me confidence, however I guess the proof of the pudding will be the eating. Good luck to you all and I hope for the sake of all the patients and patience this pays off and works brilliantly.
We as a country are revered worldwide for our management and organisational abilities, we let ourselves down on this one. We could have been far more prepared than we were. Just because other countries are inept doesn’t mean we should be judged against them, we have not covered ourselves in glory. I am hoping we will now continue to accelerate. Synairgen is going to be huge as this virus is here for the foreseeable future ! It won’t get beaten by vaccines completely.
I am not a political animal nor do I care much about most things, however, I have to ask why weren’t we ready to go once the vaccine landed? Why weren’t all the centres prepped ready, the red tape sorted and qualified people ready to jump, it comes across as a bit of a shock that the vaccines have been approved, this lack of preparation has cost a lot of wasted lives and wasted time. Thank the lord The Army are now in charge of the logistics, the NHS need all the help they can get. Not the governments finest piece of organisation. I find myself bordering on angry over this situation. I believe we have finally got into stride now but the delay was totally avoidable.