The Irish Academy of Engineering28 Nov 2025 14:57
A new report from The Irish Academy of Engineering featured in the Irish Farmers Journal, states that eliminating all GHG emissions from energy by 2050 is not achievable. Laws, carbon budgets and policies to achieve this objective are demonstrably and inevitably failing. The rebalancing of Ireland's Energy Policy report argues that the Government's focus on reducing emissions ignores energy prices, energy security and long-term (25 years) planning of critical electricity infrastructure, and it is having a detrimental impact on Irish consumers.
At the heart of the problem is a legislative commitment to eliminate greenhouse gases within the next 25 years, a commitment the Academy says is technically impossible based on current engineering realities. The report points out that Fossil fuels still provide 83% of Ireland's primary energy requirements. This places Ireland among the most fossil-fuel dependent states in Europe, ranking fifth out of 28 countries assessed.
Renewable energy has increased, but geography and infrastructure limits what can realistically be achieved. Ireland does not have the hydroelectric capacity or the nuclear infrastructure of other countries that help to deliver low-carbon electricity year-round. The Academy argues that fines for not reaching climate targets arise directly from adopting European targets that did not reflect Ireland's structural limitations, a small isolated grid, no nuclear power, limited hydro resources and a planning system not fit for purposes anymore.
This leads to one of the central contradictions highlighted by the Academy. Policy aims to eliminate fossil fuels, yet fossil fuels are the only proven means of guaranteeing electricity supply during winter or periods of low renewable output.
Even under an extremely ambitious scenario where 95% of electricity comes from renewables and interconnectors by 2050, gas-fired generation would still be required, producing around 0.8 million tonnes of CO 2 per year. For heavy industries such as cement and alumina, which together emitted nearly 3-4 million tonnes of CO2 in 2024, there are no fully zero carbon alternatives available at scale.
Despite these realities, the systems meant to support renewable expansion are years behind schedule. Ireland's 2030 offshore wind targets will be "very substantially missed." the report warns, citing delays in marine area planning, environmental designations, port upgrades and grid reinforcement.
Without resolving these bottlenecks, the country cannot build the 2030 renewables needed, let alone the 54,000 megawatts contemplated in long-term policy plans, which the Academy suggests could impose unnecessary costs on consumers if pursued indiscriminately.
The report describes Ireland's current position as parlous in terms of energy security.