RE: Nearly 18 months PFS (progression-free survival)11 May 2025 22:46
RNS 28.04.2025 contains
"In patients with salivary gland cancers (SGC, n=11) treated at or above the dose level of 250 mg/m2, AVA6000 demonstrated multiple confirmed responses and a disease control rate of 91%.
Median progression-free survival (PFS) has not yet been reached, with median follow-up exceeding 25 weeks (25.3 weeks, 5.9 months).
These FAP-Dox PFS results compare favorably to recent benchmarking data in this patient population presented at ESMO 2024, with a reported PFS of 3.5 months (15 weeks)
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So we currently stand at 27 weeks, and double the previous PFS = 30 weeks, due by the end of May.
There is no estimation of when PFS for SGC will be reached that I know of.
At 30 weeks, if asked, will the FDA agree that double the prior PFS for SGC is significant, or will they desist, stating Avacta is still trialling SGC in a Phase 1b trial which is incomplete?
The following Grok enquiry provided a full and unexpected result:
Grok info request: Can a phase 1 medical trial be stopped for efficacy
Response:
Yes, a Phase 1 medical trial can be stopped for efficacy, but it is rare and typically not the primary focus of such trials. Phase 1 trials primarily aim to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of a new drug or intervention in a small group of healthy volunteers or patients. However, early evidence of efficacy may emerge, and under certain circumstances, this could lead to a decision to stop the trial. Below are key considerations:
Circumstances for Stopping a Phase 1 Trial for Efficacy
Unexpected Overwhelming Efficacy:
If interim data show exceptionally strong efficacy (e.g., significant clinical improvement in patients with a serious condition), ethical considerations may prompt stopping the trial to avoid withholding a clearly beneficial treatment from participants or to accelerate progression to Phase 2.
Example: In oncology, if a Phase 1 trial for a novel cancer therapy shows dramatic tumor responses in a majority of participants, the trial might be halted to redesign the study or move to a later phase.
Predefined Stopping Rules:
Although uncommon, some Phase 1 trials, especially in adaptive designs or those with exploratory efficacy endpoints, may include predefined criteria for stopping due to efficacy. These are outlined in the trial protocol and monitored by a Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) or equivalent oversight group.
For instance, a protocol might specify that if a certain proportion of participants achieve a predefined clinical outcome (e.g., biomarker response), the trial could be stopped to evaluate next steps.
Adaptive Trial Designs:
Modern Phase 1 trials increasingly use adaptive designs, allowing modifications based on interim results. If efficacy signals are strong, the trial could be stopped early to transition to a Phase 2 study or to expand the cohort to further evaluate efficacy (e.g., in seamless Phase 1/2 designs).
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