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Final Results

14 Dec 2020 07:00

RNS Number : 4548I
Scottish Investment Trust PLC
14 December 2020
Ā 

The Scottish Investment Trust PLC

Ā 

Annual Results for the year to 31 October 2020.

Ā 

The Scottish Investment Trust PLC invests internationally and is independently managed. Its objective is to provide investors, over the longer term, with above‑average returns through a diversified portfolio of international equities and to achieve dividend growth ahead of UK inflation. Today it announces its results for the year to 31 October 2020.

Ā 

Highlights

Ā 

Ā· 37th consecutive year of regular dividend increase

Ā· Regular dividend increased by 1.8% to 23.2p

Ā· Share price total return -12.0% and NAV total return -10.6%

Ā 

Chairman's Statement

Ā 

ThereĀ haveĀ beenĀ manyĀ momentousĀ periodsĀ forĀ markets inĀ theĀ longĀ historyĀ ofĀ theĀ CompanyĀ andĀ 2020Ā willĀ no doubtĀ beĀ countedĀ asĀ amongĀ theĀ mostĀ noteworthy.

Ā 

StockmarketĀ movementsĀ haveĀ beenĀ nearlyĀ as extraordinaryĀ asĀ theĀ eventsĀ thatĀ sweptĀ theĀ world.Ā Fear andĀ euphoriaĀ madeĀ theirĀ markĀ inĀ equalĀ measure, resultingĀ inĀ aĀ periodĀ ofĀ significantĀ volatility. TheĀ health andĀ economicĀ costsĀ areĀ stillĀ beingĀ counted,Ā although, forĀ theĀ yearĀ underĀ review,Ā theĀ significantĀ interventions byĀ governmentsĀ andĀ centralĀ banksĀ haveĀ largelyĀ defined outcomesĀ forĀ equityĀ investors.

Ā 

DuringĀ theĀ financialĀ year,Ā marketsĀ boomedĀ evenĀ as theĀ pandemicĀ initiallyĀ raged,Ā fellĀ precipitouslyĀ asĀ the developedĀ worldĀ 'lockedĀ down'Ā theirĀ economiesĀ and thenĀ boomedĀ againĀ asĀ supportĀ measuresĀ wereĀ judged to haveĀ avertedĀ theĀ worstĀ ofĀ theĀ economicĀ catastrophe.

Ā 

TheĀ Company'sĀ portfolioĀ heldĀ upĀ wellĀ duringĀ the marketĀ sell-offĀ butĀ laggedĀ considerablyĀ duringĀ both periodsĀ ofĀ marketĀ strengthĀ asĀ momentumĀ andĀ growth companiesĀ soaredĀ irrespectiveĀ ofĀ valuation.

Ā 

TakenĀ asĀ aĀ whole,Ā itĀ hasĀ beenĀ aĀ challengingĀ yearĀ for ourĀ contrarianĀ approach.Ā Seldom,Ā ifĀ ever,Ā hasĀ the dispersionĀ ofĀ returnsĀ betweenĀ growthĀ andĀ valueĀ names beenĀ soĀ starkĀ and,Ā withinĀ thisĀ context,Ā performanceĀ has beenĀ disappointing.Ā WhileĀ ourĀ performanceĀ relativeĀ to globalĀ indicesĀ hasĀ laggedĀ inĀ recentĀ periods,Ā weĀ believe thatĀ thisĀ dispersionĀ hasĀ createdĀ anĀ opportunityĀ toĀ buy unloved,Ā butĀ robust,Ā companies at attractiveĀ prices.

Ā 

Performance

AmidĀ thisĀ challengingĀ environment,Ā theĀ shareĀ price totalĀ returnĀ wasĀ -12.0%Ā andĀ theĀ netĀ assetĀ valueĀ per shareĀ (NAV)Ā totalĀ returnĀ (withĀ borrowings atĀ market value)Ā wasĀ -10.6%. TheĀ CompanyĀ doesĀ notĀ haveĀ a formalĀ benchmarkĀ but,Ā byĀ wayĀ ofĀ comparison,Ā the sterlingĀ totalĀ returnĀ ofĀ theĀ internationalĀ MSCIĀ All CountryĀ WorldĀ IndexĀ (ACWI)Ā wasĀ 5.0%Ā whileĀ theĀ UK basedĀ MSCIĀ UKĀ AllĀ CapĀ IndexĀ totalĀ returnĀ wasĀ -20.6%. ThisĀ leavesĀ usĀ stronglyĀ aheadĀ ofĀ theĀ UKĀ comparator andĀ wellĀ behindĀ theĀ globalĀ index.

Ā 

GlobalĀ marketsĀ continuedĀ thisĀ yearĀ toĀ beĀ dominated byĀ aĀ momentumĀ styleĀ ofĀ investingĀ whichĀ seemingly paysĀ scantĀ regardĀ toĀ valuation,Ā andĀ isĀ anĀ anathemaĀ to ourĀ value-focusedĀ styleĀ ofĀ investing. ToĀ haveĀ keptĀ pace withĀ globalĀ marketsĀ thisĀ year,Ā ourĀ portfolioĀ wouldĀ have requiredĀ aĀ proportionatelyĀ largeĀ exposureĀ toĀ aĀ very smallĀ numberĀ ofĀ companiesĀ thatĀ weĀ believeĀ areĀ greatly overvaluedĀ andĀ aĀ lotĀ lessĀ exposureĀ toĀ theĀ namesĀ which weĀ considerĀ offerĀ theĀ bestĀ potentialĀ forĀ long-termĀ gains.

Ā 

ThisĀ influence,Ā unfortunately,Ā hasĀ beenĀ aĀ hallmarkĀ of marketsĀ duringĀ theĀ fiveĀ yearsĀ sinceĀ weĀ adoptedĀ our contrarianĀ approachĀ andĀ hasĀ becomeĀ greaterĀ inĀ more recentĀ years. TheĀ resultĀ isĀ anĀ extremeĀ divergence betweenĀ theĀ mostĀ andĀ leastĀ expensiveĀ partsĀ ofĀ the market.Ā SuchĀ extremesĀ have,Ā historically,Ā proved unsustainableĀ andĀ weĀ believeĀ thatĀ aĀ newĀ phaseĀ for marketsĀ isĀ overdue,Ā oneĀ thatĀ mayĀ favourĀ thoseĀ who,Ā like us,Ā doĀ notĀ followĀ theĀ crowd.

Ā 

NotwithstandingĀ ourĀ lackĀ ofĀ exposureĀ toĀ whatĀ we considerĀ irrationallyĀ pricedĀ momentumĀ driven investments, thereĀ wereĀ twoĀ particularlyĀ advantageous decisionsĀ madeĀ duringĀ theĀ year. TheĀ firstĀ wasĀ our Manager'sĀ decisionĀ toĀ takeĀ pre-emptiveĀ actionĀ to preserveĀ capital atĀ theĀ onsetĀ ofĀ theĀ Covid-19Ā crisisĀ by sellingĀ outĀ ofĀ someĀ ofĀ the companiesĀ weĀ believedĀ would beĀ mostĀ impacted. TheĀ secondĀ wasĀ aĀ largeĀ exposure toĀ goldĀ miners,Ā whichĀ participatedĀ stronglyĀ inĀ the recovery.Ā Unfortunately,Ā theĀ benefitsĀ ofĀ theseĀ decisions wereĀ maskedĀ inĀ theĀ secondĀ halfĀ ofĀ theĀ yearĀ asĀ markets rewardedĀ stocksĀ deemedĀ imperviousĀ toĀ theĀ challenges facingĀ theĀ realĀ economy,Ā suchĀ asĀ informationĀ technology stocks.Ā InĀ contrastĀ weĀ investedĀ inĀ companiesĀ we believedĀ wouldĀ beĀ lessĀ impactedĀ byĀ theĀ travailsĀ ofĀ the realĀ economy,Ā but wereĀ consideredĀ dullĀ inĀ theĀ feverish monetaryĀ environmentĀ createdĀ byĀ centralĀ bankĀ support, whichĀ hasĀ fuelledĀ momentumĀ investing.

Ā 

OurĀ contrarianĀ approachĀ explicitlyĀ aimsĀ toĀ takeĀ a differentĀ viewĀ fromĀ otherĀ managersĀ andĀ investĀ without regardĀ toĀ indexĀ compositionĀ inĀ orderĀ toĀ avoidĀ the herdingĀ aroundĀ popularĀ investmentsĀ thatĀ isĀ anĀ inherent traitĀ ofĀ activeĀ management.Ā WeĀ thereforeĀ expectĀ our portfolio,Ā andĀ itsĀ returns,Ā toĀ beĀ unlikeĀ anyĀ index.

Ā 

Comparator index change

ReflectingĀ ourĀ expectationĀ thatĀ ourĀ portfolio,Ā andĀ its returns,Ā willĀ beĀ unlikeĀ anyĀ index,Ā theĀ CompanyĀ hasĀ for manyĀ yearsĀ hadĀ twoĀ comparatorĀ indices,Ā theĀ MSCIĀ All CountryĀ WorldĀ IndexĀ (ACWI)Ā andĀ theĀ MSCIĀ UKĀ AllĀ Cap index. The BoardĀ hasĀ howeverĀ nowĀ comeĀ toĀ theĀ view thatĀ itĀ wouldĀ beĀ helpfulĀ toĀ theĀ Manager,Ā shareholders andĀ the BoardĀ itselfĀ forĀ theĀ CompanyĀ toĀ moveĀ toĀ a singleĀ comparatorĀ indexĀ inĀ orderĀ toĀ betterĀ judgeĀ the Company'sĀ performance. TheĀ mostĀ recentĀ financial yearĀ hasĀ shownĀ howĀ difficultĀ itĀ isĀ toĀ assessĀ performance againstĀ twoĀ comparatorĀ indices.

Ā 

The BoardĀ consideredĀ aĀ numberĀ ofĀ differentĀ indicesĀ asĀ a newĀ singleĀ comparator.Ā AsĀ aĀ highĀ convictionĀ contrarian fund,Ā withĀ aĀ strongĀ incomeĀ ethos,Ā thereĀ isĀ noĀ obvious singleĀ indexĀ toĀ choose. The BoardĀ howeverĀ concluded thatĀ shareholdersĀ areĀ lookingĀ forĀ performanceĀ toĀ be measuredĀ againstĀ globalĀ markets.Ā Accordingly,Ā while itĀ mightĀ appearĀ counter-intuitiveĀ inĀ viewĀ ofĀ thisĀ year's performanceĀ againstĀ theĀ globalĀ index,Ā the Board decidedĀ thatĀ theĀ CompanyĀ willĀ henceforthĀ compare performanceĀ againstĀ theĀ MSCIĀ AllĀ CountryĀ World IndexĀ asĀ theĀ sole comparator.Ā WhileĀ weĀ alwaysĀ note performanceĀ forĀ theĀ year,Ā IĀ wouldĀ remindĀ shareholders thatĀ weĀ assess progressĀ overĀ theĀ longerĀ termĀ andĀ we continueĀ toĀ expectĀ toĀ deliverĀ above-averageĀ returns overĀ anĀ investmentĀ cycle.

Ā 

Investing through the cycle

OurĀ contrarianĀ investmentĀ approachĀ isĀ groundedĀ in theĀ observationĀ thatĀ stockmarketĀ trendsĀ areĀ frequently pushedĀ toĀ extremes,Ā leadingĀ toĀ theirĀ eventualĀ reversal. WhatĀ startsĀ asĀ an attractiveĀ opportunityĀ isĀ chasedĀ until theĀ potentialĀ forĀ furtherĀ upsideĀ isĀ eliminatedĀ andĀ the potentialĀ forĀ aĀ fallĀ becomesĀ high. ThisĀ processĀ can transformĀ greatĀ companiesĀ intoĀ badĀ investments.Ā InĀ a similarĀ vein,Ā companiesĀ canĀ becomeĀ soĀ unlovedĀ that theirĀ improvementĀ goesĀ unnoticed,Ā creatingĀ excellent investmentĀ opportunities.

Ā 

ItĀ isĀ alreadyĀ clearĀ thatĀ thisĀ periodĀ marksĀ anĀ acute disparityĀ betweenĀ theĀ outĀ ofĀ favourĀ 'value'Ā areasĀ ofĀ the marketĀ andĀ theĀ well-lovedĀ 'growth'Ā segments.Ā Although thisĀ isĀ oneĀ ofĀ theĀ largestĀ recordedĀ divergences,Ā itĀ is difficultĀ toĀ knowĀ whatĀ theĀ preciseĀ triggerĀ willĀ beĀ for aĀ reversal.Ā However,Ā inĀ aĀ nutshell,Ā onceĀ aĀ particular investmentĀ becomesĀ overlyĀ consensual,Ā andĀ thus overcrowded,Ā theĀ rotationĀ outĀ ofĀ thoseĀ investmentsĀ into otherĀ partsĀ ofĀ theĀ marketĀ canĀ beĀ swiftĀ andĀ dramatic.

Ā 

StandingĀ apartĀ fromĀ consensualĀ trendsĀ duringĀ such timesĀ isĀ discomforting,Ā particularlyĀ duringĀ aĀ cycleĀ as longĀ asĀ thisĀ one.Ā ForĀ usĀ howeverĀ theĀ alternativeĀ isĀ much moreĀ uncomfortableĀ -Ā owningĀ stocksĀ thatĀ areĀ pricedĀ for perfection.Ā Consequently,Ā weĀ continueĀ toĀ advocateĀ a value-drivenĀ approach.

Ā 

Income and dividend

OverĀ theĀ pastĀ year,Ā earningsĀ perĀ shareĀ fellĀ byĀ 27.1%Ā to 21.7pĀ (2019:Ā 29.8p).Ā TheĀ declineĀ wasĀ drivenĀ byĀ reduced dividendĀ receiptsĀ asĀ manyĀ businesses,Ā includingĀ some inĀ whichĀ weĀ invest,Ā optedĀ toĀ curtailĀ dividendĀ payments toĀ safeguardĀ theirĀ financialĀ health.

Ā 

AsĀ IĀ haveĀ previouslyĀ mentioned,Ā ourĀ portfolioĀ isĀ not explicitlyĀ investedĀ forĀ incomeĀ andĀ the BoardĀ recognises thatĀ thereĀ willĀ beĀ occasionsĀ whenĀ theĀ portfolioĀ doesĀ not necessarilyĀ fullyĀ coverĀ theĀ requirementsĀ ofĀ theĀ regular dividend.

Ā 

TheĀ preciseĀ causesĀ ofĀ disruptionsĀ areĀ oftenĀ aĀ surprise. TheĀ factĀ thatĀ theyĀ canĀ andĀ doĀ occurĀ isĀ not. The CompanyĀ preparesĀ forĀ theseĀ scenariosĀ byĀ building aĀ substantialĀ revenueĀ reserveĀ duringĀ moreĀ plentiful periods,Ā whichĀ canĀ beĀ drawnĀ downĀ inĀ lessĀ fruitfulĀ times. ThisĀ approachĀ servesĀ usĀ wellĀ inĀ theĀ currentĀ environment andĀ theĀ CompanyĀ willĀ utiliseĀ aĀ smallĀ portionĀ ofĀ its reserveĀ inĀ thisĀ financialĀ yearĀ toĀ coverĀ theĀ regular dividend. TheĀ revenueĀ reserveĀ remainsĀ substantial at 60.8p,Ā equivalentĀ to more than 2.5 timesĀ theĀ targeted annualĀ dividendĀ forĀ theĀ yearĀ toĀ 31Ā OctoberĀ 2021.

Ā 

The BoardĀ recognisesĀ theĀ importanceĀ ofĀ dividend incomeĀ toĀ manyĀ shareholdersĀ andĀ ourĀ intentĀ withĀ regard toĀ dividendsĀ remainsĀ unchanged. The BoardĀ aimsĀ to maintainĀ theĀ Company'sĀ longĀ trackĀ recordĀ ofĀ annual regularĀ dividendĀ increasesĀ andĀ alsoĀ itsĀ objectiveĀ to provideĀ regularĀ dividendĀ growthĀ aheadĀ ofĀ UKĀ inflation overĀ theĀ longerĀ term.

Ā 

Accordingly,Ā the BoardĀ recommendsĀ aĀ finalĀ dividendĀ of 6.1pĀ which,Ā ifĀ approved,Ā willĀ meanĀ thatĀ theĀ totalĀ regular dividendĀ forĀ theĀ yearĀ willĀ increaseĀ byĀ 1.8%Ā toĀ 23.2p.Ā If approved,Ā thisĀ willĀ beĀ theĀ 37thĀ yearĀ ofĀ annualĀ regular dividendĀ increases.

Ā 

The Board'sĀ targetĀ isĀ toĀ declareĀ threeĀ quarterlyĀ interim dividendsĀ ofĀ 5.8pĀ forĀ theĀ yearĀ toĀ 31Ā OctoberĀ 2021Ā and recommendĀ aĀ finalĀ dividendĀ of atĀ leastĀ 5.8pĀ forĀ approval byĀ shareholders atĀ theĀ AnnualĀ GeneralĀ MeetingĀ inĀ 2022. TheĀ finalĀ dividendĀ willĀ beĀ reviewedĀ inĀ accordanceĀ with the Board'sĀ desireĀ toĀ continueĀ theĀ longĀ trackĀ recordĀ of annualĀ dividendĀ increasesĀ andĀ theĀ aimĀ ofĀ theĀ Company toĀ provideĀ dividendĀ growthĀ aheadĀ ofĀ UKĀ inflationĀ over theĀ longerĀ term.

Ā 

Discount, share buybacks and ongoing charges

TheĀ CompanyĀ followsĀ aĀ policyĀ thatĀ aims,Ā inĀ normal marketĀ conditions,Ā toĀ maintainĀ theĀ discountĀ toĀ NAVĀ (with borrowings atĀ marketĀ value) atĀ orĀ belowĀ 9%.

Ā 

TheĀ discount atĀ whichĀ theĀ shareĀ priceĀ tradedĀ toĀ NAV overĀ theĀ yearĀ wasĀ moreĀ volatileĀ thanĀ normal,Ā reflecting theĀ periodsĀ ofĀ extremeĀ marketĀ dislocation,Ā butĀ finished theĀ year atĀ 9.9%.

Ā 

The average discount over the year was 10.0%. During the period, 1.0m shares were purchased for cancellation at an average discount of 10.6% and a cost of £7.3m. In the previous year, 3.3m shares were purchased.

Ā 

TheĀ ongoingĀ chargesĀ figureĀ (OCF)Ā forĀ theĀ yearĀ under reviewĀ ofĀ 0.52%Ā (2019:Ā 0.58%)Ā remainsĀ favourable comparedĀ withĀ otherĀ actively-managedĀ investment vehicles.Ā AsĀ aĀ self-managedĀ investmentĀ trust,Ā theĀ OCF representsĀ theĀ ongoingĀ costsĀ ofĀ runningĀ theĀ Company asĀ aĀ proportionĀ ofĀ netĀ assets.

Ā 

Gearing

AsĀ theĀ Covid-19Ā pandemicĀ lookedĀ certainĀ toĀ severely weakenĀ theĀ economy,Ā theĀ CompanyĀ reducedĀ gearing fromĀ itsĀ 31Ā OctoberĀ 2019Ā levelĀ ofĀ 1%Ā toĀ aĀ netĀ cash positionĀ ofĀ aroundĀ 5%. InĀ otherĀ words,Ā weĀ heldĀ allĀ of our borrowingsĀ andĀ anĀ additionalĀ 5%Ā ofĀ netĀ assetsĀ in cash. ThisĀ moveĀ wasĀ designedĀ toĀ shelterĀ fundsĀ fromĀ a marketĀ declineĀ andĀ toĀ preserveĀ firepowerĀ forĀ aĀ period ofĀ sustainedĀ recovery.

Ā 

AsĀ fundsĀ wereĀ deployedĀ toĀ takeĀ advantageĀ ofĀ the recovery,Ā gearingĀ wasĀ increasedĀ andĀ endedĀ theĀ year at 0%.Ā ItĀ isĀ ourĀ beliefĀ thatĀ thereĀ willĀ beĀ furtherĀ compelling recoveryĀ opportunitiesĀ andĀ weĀ continuallyĀ assess whenĀ toĀ deployĀ gearingĀ forĀ theĀ long-termĀ benefitĀ of shareholders.

Ā 

Amendments to the Articles of Association

TheĀ globalĀ pandemicĀ highlightedĀ challengesĀ in companies'Ā abilityĀ toĀ holdĀ shareholderĀ meetings whichĀ compliedĀ withĀ theirĀ ArticlesĀ ofĀ Association. Fortunately,Ā theĀ governmentĀ introducedĀ temporary legislationĀ whichĀ permittedĀ companiesĀ toĀ meetĀ their obligationsĀ inĀ thisĀ regardĀ byĀ holdingĀ virtualĀ meetings andĀ byĀ restrictingĀ theĀ abilityĀ ofĀ shareholdersĀ to attend. ToĀ avoidĀ anyĀ suchĀ difficultiesĀ inĀ theĀ future, at theĀ forthcomingĀ AnnualĀ GeneralĀ MeetingĀ (AGM),Ā the CompanyĀ willĀ beĀ seekingĀ shareholderĀ approvalĀ to amendĀ itsĀ articlesĀ toĀ allowĀ forĀ virtual,Ā hybridĀ and/or physicalĀ meetingsĀ toĀ beĀ held atĀ theĀ discretionĀ ofĀ the Directors.Ā AĀ numberĀ ofĀ otherĀ non-substantiveĀ changes areĀ alsoĀ proposed.Ā FurtherĀ detailsĀ canĀ beĀ foundĀ inĀ the CorporateĀ GovernanceĀ Report within the Annual Report and Financial Statements.

Ā 

Annual General Meeting (AGM)

TheĀ Company'sĀ 133rdĀ AnnualĀ GeneralĀ MeetingĀ willĀ be held atĀ theĀ officesĀ ofĀ DicksonĀ Minto W.S.,Ā 16Ā Charlotte Square,Ā EdinburghĀ EH2Ā 4DF atĀ 10.30amĀ onĀ Tuesday, 2Ā FebruaryĀ 2021.Ā FullĀ detailsĀ ofĀ theĀ businessĀ toĀ be

conducted atĀ theĀ AGMĀ areĀ given in the Notice of Meeting within the Annual Report and Financial Statements.

Ā 

InĀ lightĀ ofĀ theĀ restrictionsĀ onĀ travelĀ andĀ social gatheringsĀ andĀ asĀ permittedĀ byĀ recentĀ temporary legislationĀ theĀ AGMĀ will,Ā forĀ theĀ firstĀ timeĀ inĀ itsĀ history, beĀ heldĀ asĀ aĀ closedĀ meetingĀ andĀ shareholdersĀ willĀ not beĀ ableĀ to attendĀ inĀ person.Ā Shareholders'Ā viewsĀ are importantĀ andĀ the BoardĀ encouragesĀ shareholdersĀ to voteĀ onĀ theĀ resolutionsĀ withinĀ theĀ NoticeĀ ofĀ AGM.

Ā 

The BoardĀ alwaysĀ welcomesĀ questionsĀ fromĀ our shareholders atĀ theĀ AGM. ThisĀ year,Ā toĀ ensureĀ thatĀ we areĀ ableĀ toĀ respondĀ toĀ anyĀ questionsĀ youĀ mayĀ haveĀ for eitherĀ the BoardĀ orĀ theĀ Manager,Ā pleaseĀ sendĀ these viaĀ emailĀ toĀ info@thescottish.co.ukĀ orĀ inĀ writingĀ toĀ the Company'sĀ registeredĀ office.

Ā 

Outlook

TheĀ courseĀ ofĀ theĀ pandemicĀ remainsĀ aĀ matterĀ of seriousĀ concernĀ toĀ marketsĀ andĀ recentĀ newsĀ about vaccinesĀ hasĀ beenĀ wellĀ received.Ā ClearlyĀ thereĀ willĀ be challengesĀ toĀ come,Ā notĀ leastĀ managingĀ theĀ current waveĀ ofĀ Covid,Ā butĀ weĀ believeĀ theĀ reactionĀ toĀ the vaccineĀ newsflowĀ demonstratesĀ theĀ potentialĀ for recoveryĀ inĀ beatenĀ downĀ andĀ overlookedĀ areasĀ should theĀ goodĀ newsĀ beĀ sustained.

Ā 

DuringĀ theĀ pandemic,Ā theĀ CompanyĀ hasĀ successfully operatedĀ withĀ rolesĀ performed atĀ home.Ā IfĀ required,Ā the CompanyĀ canĀ continueĀ toĀ operateĀ onĀ thisĀ basisĀ forĀ a furtherĀ extendedĀ period.

Ā 

TheĀ dramaĀ aroundĀ theĀ USĀ presidentialĀ electionĀ was emblematicĀ ofĀ DonaldĀ Trump'sĀ tenure,Ā butĀ apparent President-electĀ Joe BidenĀ isĀ likelyĀ toĀ bringĀ aĀ more diplomaticĀ approachĀ toĀ theĀ role. ThatĀ said,Ā President TrumpĀ clearlyĀ galvanisedĀ aĀ substantialĀ portionĀ ofĀ the populationĀ andĀ hisĀ betterĀ thanĀ anticipatedĀ showing perhapsĀ suggestsĀ thatĀ theĀ populistĀ tendenciesĀ ofĀ recent yearsĀ couldĀ beĀ aĀ durableĀ trend.

Ā 

At the time of writing, BrexitĀ negotiations remain ongoing and haveĀ provenĀ fractious.Ā AlthoughĀ weĀ continuallyĀ reviewĀ theĀ potential effectsĀ of Brexit,Ā weĀ remainĀ ofĀ theĀ viewĀ thatĀ itĀ willĀ not haveĀ aĀ materialĀ adverseĀ impactĀ onĀ theĀ Company's businessĀ modelĀ orĀ operations.

Ā 

WhileĀ itĀ isĀ certainlyĀ prematureĀ toĀ lookĀ beyondĀ the impactĀ ofĀ theĀ virus,Ā eventually attentionĀ willĀ turnĀ toĀ how weĀ dealĀ withĀ theĀ long-termĀ effectsĀ ofĀ theĀ 'whatever itĀ takes'Ā fiscalĀ andĀ monetaryĀ response.Ā WhileĀ these measuresĀ wereĀ undoubtedlyĀ necessaryĀ toĀ avoidĀ more lastingĀ damageĀ toĀ jobsĀ andĀ businesses,Ā weĀ haveĀ now enteredĀ aĀ newĀ eraĀ inĀ economicĀ policymaking.Ā ItĀ has becomeĀ obvious,Ā especiallyĀ toĀ thoseĀ whoĀ wishĀ to controlĀ theĀ leversĀ ofĀ power,Ā thatĀ governmentsĀ can borrowĀ withoutĀ regardĀ toĀ theĀ tax-baseĀ asĀ interestĀ rates remainĀ veryĀ low. BorrowingĀ and spendingĀ moneyĀ is popular.

Ā 

CentralĀ banksĀ haveĀ directlyĀ orĀ indirectlyĀ communicated aĀ greaterĀ toleranceĀ forĀ inflation,Ā whichĀ mayĀ proveĀ an unstoppableĀ developmentĀ onceĀ itĀ becomesĀ apparent. This,Ā combinedĀ withĀ theĀ eventualĀ prospectĀ ofĀ higher ratesĀ ofĀ interest,Ā mayĀ favourĀ ourĀ investmentĀ styleĀ over others.

Ā 

TheĀ divergenceĀ ofĀ valuationsĀ withinĀ marketsĀ has reachedĀ newĀ extremes,Ā aĀ positionĀ thatĀ weĀ believe is unsustainableĀ andĀ likelyĀ toĀ reverse. ThisĀ favours aĀ contrarianĀ approachĀ whichĀ seeksĀ outĀ mispriced investmentsĀ thatĀ haveĀ beenĀ overlooked.Ā WeĀ believeĀ that theĀ CompanyĀ isĀ wellĀ placedĀ forĀ theĀ future.

Ā 

James Will

Chairman

11 December 2020

Ā 

Manager's Review

Ā 

MarketsĀ haveĀ continuedĀ toĀ rewardĀ pastĀ winners,Ā leaving theĀ unlovedĀ partsĀ ofĀ theĀ market,Ā whereĀ weĀ preferĀ toĀ invest, inĀ theirĀ shadow.

Ā 

BeforeĀ weĀ considerĀ theĀ portfolioĀ overĀ theĀ lastĀ year,Ā IĀ want toĀ reflectĀ onĀ theĀ positionĀ inĀ whichĀ weĀ findĀ ourselvesĀ now.

Ā 

OnĀ oneĀ handĀ thereĀ isĀ reasonĀ forĀ usĀ toĀ beĀ optimistic. The divergenceĀ inĀ theĀ performanceĀ andĀ valuationĀ ofĀ theĀ most lovedĀ companiesĀ andĀ thoseĀ thatĀ areĀ unloved,Ā hasĀ seldom beenĀ moreĀ extreme.Ā AsĀ contrarianĀ stockĀ pickers,Ā that excitesĀ usĀ and offersĀ theĀ potentialĀ toĀ buy attractive companies atĀ aĀ goodĀ price.Ā CertainĀ areasĀ ofĀ theĀ market lookĀ especiallyĀ cheapĀ but,Ā onĀ theĀ whole,Ā thereĀ are companiesĀ inĀ almostĀ allĀ sectorsĀ thatĀ goĀ unrewarded despiteĀ theirĀ incumbentĀ marketĀ positions,Ā durabilityĀ and cashĀ generation. ThatĀ isĀ whereĀ ourĀ opportunityĀ lies.

Ā 

OnĀ theĀ otherĀ hand,Ā weĀ continueĀ toĀ worryĀ aboutĀ the overextendedĀ valuationsĀ accordedĀ toĀ previousĀ 'winners'. TheseĀ canĀ appearĀ toĀ offerĀ theĀ prospectĀ ofĀ perpetual growth.Ā WeĀ understandĀ whyĀ thisĀ findsĀ favourĀ withĀ some but,Ā inĀ contrast,Ā weĀ areĀ waryĀ ofĀ payingĀ aĀ fancyĀ valuationĀ for aĀ companyĀ thatĀ isĀ pricedĀ asĀ ifĀ nothingĀ willĀ everĀ goĀ wrong. InĀ ourĀ viewĀ theĀ marginĀ ofĀ errorĀ isĀ diminishedĀ andĀ the potentialĀ forĀ disappointmentĀ large.

Ā 

ScottĀ McNealy,Ā thenĀ CEOĀ ofĀ SunĀ Microsystems,Ā oneĀ ofĀ the 'winners'Ā inĀ theĀ dotcomĀ boom,Ā famouslyĀ lambastedĀ his ownĀ investorsĀ afterĀ theĀ crash.Ā HeĀ askedĀ thoseĀ whoĀ had paidĀ aĀ multipleĀ ofĀ 10Ā timesĀ salesĀ forĀ hisĀ company'sĀ shares, "whatĀ wereĀ youĀ thinking?".Ā AsĀ heĀ pointedĀ out, atĀ this valuationĀ theĀ paybackĀ periodĀ isĀ likelyĀ toĀ beĀ unfathomably long.Ā HavingĀ workedĀ throughĀ thatĀ era,Ā IĀ neverĀ thoughtĀ I wouldĀ witnessĀ similarĀ conditions,Ā butĀ hereĀ weĀ are.Ā Like then,Ā theĀ 'fearĀ ofĀ missingĀ out'Ā hasĀ becomeĀ oneĀ ofĀ the hottestĀ investmentĀ themes.Ā Indeed,Ā theĀ proportionĀ of companiesĀ trading atĀ 10Ā timesĀ salesĀ orĀ greaterĀ isĀ nearĀ to thatĀ seen atĀ theĀ heightĀ ofĀ theĀ dotcomĀ boom.

Ā 

TheĀ rootĀ causeĀ ofĀ suchĀ exuberanceĀ is,Ā likeĀ then,Ā tooĀ much cheapĀ moneyĀ creatingĀ aĀ febrile atmosphere.Ā InĀ theĀ period weĀ haveĀ seenĀ anĀ electricĀ truckĀ maker,Ā withoutĀ aĀ productĀ in production,Ā soarĀ inĀ valuationĀ toĀ becomeĀ oneĀ ofĀ theĀ biggest companiesĀ inĀ theĀ world. TheĀ shareĀ priceĀ quicklyĀ crashed whenĀ itĀ wasĀ revealedĀ thatĀ theĀ promotionalĀ video purportingĀ toĀ showĀ theĀ vehicleĀ inĀ actionĀ wasĀ filmedĀ usingĀ a mocked-upĀ truckĀ rollingĀ downĀ aĀ slope.

Ā 

OurĀ viewĀ isĀ thatĀ aĀ largeĀ proportionĀ ofĀ marketĀ participants doĀ notĀ makeĀ discerningĀ valueĀ judgements. ThisĀ allows momentumĀ toĀ buildĀ forĀ extendedĀ periods. ThereĀ is tremendousĀ pressureĀ onĀ manyĀ toĀ performĀ inĀ aĀ similar mannerĀ toĀ marketsĀ (orĀ benchmarks),Ā whileĀ passive investmentĀ productsĀ explicitlyĀ targetĀ suchĀ anĀ outcome. SuccessĀ breedsĀ confidenceĀ whichĀ breedsĀ inflowsĀ which breedsĀ momentum.Ā AllĀ weĀ canĀ sayĀ isĀ that,Ā withoutĀ valuation support,Ā whenĀ marketsĀ turn,Ā asĀ theyĀ alwaysĀ do,Ā theĀ virtuous circleĀ quicklyĀ becomesĀ vicious.

Ā 

IĀ rememberĀ fromĀ myĀ formativeĀ investingĀ experiencesĀ how easyĀ itĀ wasĀ toĀ beĀ wowedĀ byĀ aĀ goodĀ storyĀ andĀ aĀ stockĀ chart pointingĀ toĀ theĀ sky.Ā OnĀ occasion,Ā IĀ evenĀ foundĀ myself parrotingĀ someĀ ofĀ theseĀ stock-hypeĀ narratives. ThisĀ isĀ what happensĀ inĀ aĀ crowdĀ -Ā membersĀ tellĀ eachĀ otherĀ whatĀ they thinkĀ theyĀ areĀ meantĀ toĀ say.Ā GivenĀ theĀ exceptionalĀ lengthĀ of theĀ currentĀ investmentĀ cycle,Ā manyĀ professionalĀ investors haveĀ neverĀ experiencedĀ aĀ periodĀ whereĀ growthĀ and momentumĀ investmentsĀ areĀ notĀ theĀ onlyĀ gameĀ inĀ town.Ā As aĀ result,Ā scepticsĀ (suchĀ asĀ ourselves)Ā areĀ inĀ shortĀ supply,Ā so thatĀ theĀ possibilityĀ ofĀ aĀ changeĀ inĀ trendsĀ isĀ widelyĀ ignored.

Ā 

ForĀ value-orientatedĀ investorsĀ theĀ currentĀ marketĀ drivers canĀ beĀ viewedĀ asĀ aĀ potentialĀ positiveĀ becauseĀ ofĀ the opportunityĀ theyĀ provide. TheĀ arithmeticĀ ofĀ indices determinesĀ thatĀ theyĀ willĀ struggleĀ toĀ increaseĀ ifĀ the speculativeĀ bubbleĀ inĀ theĀ mostĀ popularĀ partĀ ofĀ theĀ market startsĀ toĀ deflate,Ā potentiallyĀ allowingĀ theĀ unlovedĀ namesĀ to outperform.Ā WaveringĀ equityĀ marketsĀ wouldĀ alsoĀ almost certainlyĀ pushĀ centralĀ banksĀ toĀ redoubleĀ effortsĀ inĀ orderĀ to propĀ themĀ upĀ and,Ā asĀ afterĀ theĀ dotcomĀ crash,Ā the unintendedĀ consequenceĀ ofĀ thisĀ wouldĀ beĀ toĀ provide substantialĀ liquidityĀ toĀ the,Ā currentlyĀ unfashionable,Ā areasĀ of marketsĀ whereĀ weĀ invest.

Ā 

The portfolio

GoldĀ typicallyĀ offersĀ shelterĀ fromĀ theĀ devaluingĀ effectsĀ of unfetteredĀ moneyĀ printing,Ā soĀ theĀ periodĀ providedĀ a favourableĀ backdropĀ forĀ ourĀ twoĀ largestĀ goldĀ mining investmentsĀ NewmontĀ (+Ā£18.8mĀ totalĀ return)Ā andĀ Barrick

GoldĀ (+Ā£16.9m).Ā ProductionĀ challengesĀ heldĀ back NewcrestĀ MiningĀ (-Ā£1.2m),Ā butĀ weĀ believeĀ thereĀ are interestingĀ growthĀ opportunitiesĀ thatĀ areĀ beingĀ overlooked. ExposureĀ toĀ theĀ sectorĀ wasĀ increasedĀ withĀ theĀ additionĀ of twoĀ SouthĀ AfricanĀ listedĀ minersĀ GoldĀ FieldsĀ (+Ā£4.6m)Ā and AngloGoldĀ AshantiĀ (+Ā£1.3m)Ā thatĀ areĀ workingĀ to substantially improveĀ operatingĀ performance.

Ā 

USĀ retailerĀ TargetĀ (+Ā£4.6m)Ā performedĀ wellĀ asĀ effortsĀ toĀ tilt itsĀ businessĀ modelĀ towardsĀ onlineĀ salesĀ andĀ convenient storeĀ formatsĀ bolsteredĀ salesĀ andĀ profitability,Ā anĀ approach thatĀ servedĀ particularlyĀ wellĀ duringĀ theĀ pandemic.Ā Tesco

(-Ā£1.8m)Ā declinedĀ despiteĀ takingĀ positiveĀ stepsĀ towards divestingĀ itsĀ overseasĀ operationsĀ andĀ refocusingĀ on growingĀ profitabilityĀ inĀ itsĀ coreĀ UKĀ market.Ā ManyĀ traditional retailersĀ haveĀ foundĀ theirĀ operationsĀ severelyĀ crimped,Ā of course,Ā andĀ thoseĀ thatĀ hadĀ notĀ sufficientlyĀ advancedĀ their transformationsĀ wereĀ soldĀ earlyĀ inĀ theĀ year,Ā includingĀ Gap (+Ā£0.2m),Ā Macy'sĀ (-Ā£0.1m)Ā andĀ MarksĀ &Ā Spencer (-Ā£1.0m).Ā WeĀ addedĀ aĀ holdingĀ inĀ USĀ fashionĀ groupĀ Capri (-Ā£0.1m),Ā whichĀ isĀ undergoingĀ aĀ turnaroundĀ ofĀ itsĀ strong butĀ underperformingĀ brands.

Ā 

PepsiCoĀ (Ā£0.0m)Ā continuesĀ toĀ benefitĀ fromĀ plansĀ to enhanceĀ growthĀ andĀ profitability,Ā whileĀ Japanese beverages groupĀ KirinĀ (-Ā£2.1m)Ā declinedĀ asĀ theĀ closureĀ of theĀ hospitalityĀ sectorĀ hamperedĀ sales. BrazilianĀ brewing giantĀ AmbevĀ (-Ā£0.4m)Ā isĀ aĀ newĀ holdingĀ andĀ weĀ expectĀ it toĀ participateĀ inĀ aĀ recoveryĀ inĀ consumption.

Ā 

WeĀ madeĀ aĀ timelyĀ reductionĀ inĀ ourĀ energyĀ holdings, leavingĀ onlyĀ oilĀ majorsĀ withĀ theĀ greatestĀ abilityĀ to withstandĀ oilĀ priceĀ volatility. TheirĀ comparativeĀ strength didĀ notĀ shieldĀ themĀ fromĀ theĀ weakĀ operatingĀ environment, however,Ā andĀ RoyalĀ DutchĀ ShellĀ (-Ā£10.8m),Ā ExxonĀ Mobil (-Ā£5.7m),Ā ChevronĀ (-Ā£5.2m)Ā andĀ TotalĀ (-Ā£5.1m)Ā allĀ declined inĀ value.Ā WeĀ tookĀ theĀ opportunityĀ toĀ purchaseĀ oilĀ services groupĀ HalliburtonĀ (-Ā£0.5m) atĀ aĀ discountedĀ valuationĀ to takeĀ advantageĀ ofĀ itsĀ strongĀ positionĀ withinĀ theĀ sectorĀ and recoveryĀ potential.

Ā 

WeĀ alsoĀ scaledĀ downĀ ourĀ investmentsĀ inĀ banks,Ā inĀ advance ofĀ theĀ pandemic,Ā inĀ anticipationĀ ofĀ aĀ moreĀ challenging lendingĀ environment.Ā WeĀ retainedĀ aĀ smallĀ exposureĀ to strongĀ franchisesĀ thatĀ haveĀ scopeĀ toĀ reboundĀ asĀ the economyĀ improvesĀ includingĀ NatWestĀ (-Ā£4.1m),Ā ING (-Ā£3.8m),Ā LloydsĀ BankingĀ (-Ā£2.3m)Ā andĀ BNPĀ Paribas (-Ā£1.6m).Ā LaterĀ inĀ theĀ period,Ā weĀ addedĀ JPMorganĀ Chase (-Ā£0.5m),Ā BancoĀ SantanderĀ (+Ā£0.1m)Ā andĀ FirstĀ Horizon (+Ā£0.1m).Ā WeĀ also establishedĀ aĀ positionĀ inĀ DutchĀ life insurerĀ AegonĀ (-Ā£0.1m)Ā whichĀ isĀ undergoingĀ a transformationĀ underĀ new leadership.Ā Meanwhile,Ā we completelyĀ soldĀ UKĀ realĀ estateĀ trustĀ BritishĀ LandĀ (-Ā£5.6m) asĀ lockdownsĀ lookedĀ setĀ to placeĀ considerableĀ strainĀ on tenants.

Ā 

EastĀ JapanĀ RailwayĀ (-Ā£5.2m)Ā declinedĀ asĀ passenger volumesĀ wereĀ severelyĀ curtailedĀ byĀ lockdownĀ measures, thoughĀ weĀ seeĀ reboundĀ potentialĀ asĀ wellĀ asĀ longerĀ term valueĀ inĀ theĀ company'sĀ propertyĀ assets.

Ā 

WithinĀ theĀ healthĀ careĀ sector,Ā RocheĀ (+Ā£1.9m)Ā and GlaxoSmithKlineĀ (-Ā£4.0m)Ā continueĀ toĀ makeĀ progress inĀ theirĀ transitionsĀ toĀ aĀ newĀ generationĀ ofĀ innovative medicines.Ā NewĀ holdingsĀ wereĀ establishedĀ inĀ Bristol-MyersĀ SquibbĀ (-Ā£0.3m),Ā SanofiĀ (-Ā£1.3m)Ā andĀ Gilead SciencesĀ (-Ā£3.5m)Ā whereĀ weĀ believeĀ theĀ marketĀ has misjudgedĀ theĀ potentialĀ forĀ theseĀ businessesĀ toĀ transform andĀ grow.Ā GileadĀ hasĀ becomeĀ famousĀ forĀ itsĀ Covid-19 treatmentĀ remdesivir,Ā thoughĀ weĀ believeĀ thatĀ valueĀ lies elsewhereĀ inĀ theĀ business.

Ā 

BTĀ (-Ā£13.8m)Ā wasĀ aĀ notableĀ disappointmentĀ asĀ tentative effortsĀ toĀ reviveĀ theĀ businessĀ wereĀ overshadowedĀ byĀ the additionalĀ headwindĀ ofĀ Covid-19.Ā MoreĀ broadly, telecomsĀ wereĀ lacklustreĀ despiteĀ increasedĀ relianceĀ on communicationsĀ infrastructureĀ duringĀ lockdowns.Ā KPN (-Ā£0.6m),Ā AT&TĀ (-Ā£2.1m),Ā TelstraĀ (-Ā£2.1m),Ā Orange (-Ā£2.6m)Ā andĀ ChinaĀ MobileĀ (-Ā£3.3m)Ā allĀ fellĀ inĀ value.

Ā 

WeĀ tookĀ newĀ positionsĀ inĀ severalĀ tobaccoĀ firmsĀ including AltriaĀ (-Ā£1.2m),Ā BritishĀ AmericanĀ TobaccoĀ (-Ā£0.8m), PhilipĀ MorrisĀ InternationalĀ (-Ā£0.4m)Ā andĀ KT&GĀ (-Ā£0.5m) whereĀ weĀ believeĀ thatĀ theĀ durabilityĀ ofĀ cashĀ flowsĀ has beenĀ underappreciatedĀ byĀ theĀ market.Ā OurĀ longer- standingĀ investmentĀ inĀ JapanĀ TobaccoĀ fellĀ inĀ value (-Ā£2.5m).

AmongĀ utilities,Ā UnitedĀ UtilitiesĀ (+Ā£0.7m)Ā gainedĀ onĀ the backĀ ofĀ stabilisingĀ regulatoryĀ andĀ politicalĀ environment. WeĀ alsoĀ addedĀ twoĀ USĀ utilities,Ā DukeĀ EnergyĀ (-Ā£1.2m) andĀ DominionĀ EnergyĀ (-Ā£0.2m),Ā asĀ weĀ concludedĀ that the potentialĀ forĀ assetĀ growthĀ isĀ notĀ fullyĀ reflectedĀ inĀ their discountedĀ valuationsĀ versusĀ peers.

Ā 

Outlook

GreatĀ uncertaintyĀ remainsĀ butĀ itĀ seemsĀ asĀ ifĀ aĀ returnĀ to someĀ formĀ ofĀ normalityĀ willĀ occurĀ nextĀ year,Ā evenĀ ifĀ the

variousĀ vaccinesĀ doĀ notĀ makeĀ theirĀ anticipatedĀ impact. ThatĀ said,Ā theĀ recentĀ rapidĀ spreadĀ ofĀ Covid-19Ā in numerousĀ countriesĀ indicatesĀ thatĀ restrictionsĀ mayĀ remain partĀ ofĀ lifeĀ forĀ someĀ time.

Ā 

GovernmentĀ andĀ centralĀ bankĀ supportĀ haveĀ beenĀ crucial toĀ supportingĀ economiesĀ andĀ stockmarkets.Ā WeĀ believe thisĀ willĀ continueĀ andĀ expectĀ itsĀ beneficiariesĀ toĀ beĀ more broadlyĀ spreadĀ ifĀ aĀ sustainableĀ recoveryĀ isĀ evidentĀ inĀ the realĀ economy. TheĀ outĀ ofĀ favourĀ stocksĀ thatĀ weĀ prefer haveĀ laggedĀ theĀ stockmarketĀ recoveryĀ toĀ dateĀ butĀ still offerĀ excellentĀ longĀ termĀ investmentĀ opportunitiesĀ for patientĀ investors. ThisĀ isĀ aĀ positiveĀ environmentĀ for contrarianĀ investors.

Ā 

Alasdair McKinnonManager11 December 2020

Ā 

Our approach

To apply our approach, we divide the stocks in which we invest into three categories.

Ā 

First, we have those that we describe as ugly ducklings - unloved shares that most investors shun. These companies have endured an extended period of poor operating performance and, for the majority, the near-term outlook continues to appear uninspiring. However, we see their out-of-favour status as an opportunity and can foresee the circumstances in which these investments will surprise on the upside.

Ā 

The second category consists of companies where change is afoot. These companies have also endured a long period of poor operating performance but have recently demonstrated that their prospects have significantly improved. However, other investors continue to overlook this change for historical reasons.

Ā 

In our third category, more to come, we have investments that are more generally recognised as good businesses with decent prospects. However, we see an opportunity as we believe there is scope for further improvement that is not yet fully recognised.

Ā 

NAV Absolute Performance Attribution Year to 31 October 2020

Contribution

%

Equity portfolio (ungeared)

-8.8

Gearing

-0.7

Total equities

-9.5

Other income and currency

+0.1

Buybacks

+0.1

Expenses

-0.7

Interest charges

-0.5

Change in market value of borrowings

+0.1

Change in pension liability/surplus

-0.2

NAV with borrowings at market value total return

-10.6

Ā 

Top Ten Gains and Losses

Year to 31 October 2020

Ā 

Performance†

Gains

Performance†

Losses

%

Ā£m

%

Ā£m

Newmont

60.3

18.8

BT

-49.3

-13.8

Barrick Gold

55.7

16.9

Royal Dutch Shell

-60.5

-10.8

Target

57.9

4.6

Exxon Mobil

-44.8

-5.7

Gold Fields

54.9

4.6

British Land*

-54.9

-5.6

Roche

9.6

1.9

East Japan Railway

-43.4

-5.2

Anglogold Ashanti

9.4

1.3

Chevron

-37.4

-5.2

Heritable Property and subsidiary

58.3

0.9

Total

-38.2

-5.1

United Utilities

3.8

0.7

Natwest

-43.6

-4.1

Gap*

1.1

0.2

GlaxoSmithKline

-23.3

-4.0

Tourmaline Oil*

7.5

0.1

ING

-30.6

-3.8

* Sold during the year.

† Total return on investment, taking into account both capital returns and entitlement to dividends declared, for the period the investment was held during the year.

Ā 

Strategic Report

Ā 

Business Model and Status

The Company is a self-managed global growth investment trust and is an investment company within the meaning of the Companies Act 2006. HM Revenue & Customs has approved the Company as an investment trust under Sections 1158 and 1159 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010. The Company continues to satisfy the conditions for such approval. The Company is registered in Scotland and its registered office is 6 Albyn Place, Edinburgh EH2 4NL.

Ā 

The Company has a premium listing on the London Stock Exchange, within the Financial Services sector, and is identified by the TIDM or ticker symbol 'SCIN'. The Company's ISIN is GB00007826091 and SEDOL is 0782609.

Ā 

Investment objective and policy

The Company's objective is to provide investors, over the longer term, with above-average returns through a diversified portfolio of international equities and to achieve dividend growth ahead of UK inflation. In order to achieve this objective, the Company invests in an integrated global portfolio constructed through an investment process whereby assets are primarily allocated on the basis of the investment merits of individual stocks rather than those of regions, sectors or themes.

Ā 

The Company's portfolio is actively managed and typically will contain 50 to 100 listed international equity investments. The portfolio is widely diversified both by industrial sector and geographic location of investments in order to spread investment risk.

Ā 

Whilst performance is compared against major global and UK indices, the composition of indices has no influence on investment decisions or the construction of the portfolio. As a result, it is expected that the Company's investment portfolio and performance may deviate from the comparator indices.

Ā 

Since the Company's assets are invested globally and without regard to the composition of any index, there are no restrictions on maximum or minimum exposures to specific geographic regions, industry sectors or unlisted investments. However, such exposures are reported in detail to, and monitored by, the Board at each Board meeting in order to ensure that adequate diversification is maintained.

Ā 

Liquidity and long-term borrowings are managed with the aim of improving returns to shareholders. In pursuing its investment objective, from time to time the Company will hold certain financial instruments comprising equity and non-equity shares, fixed income securities, interests in limited partnerships, structured products and cash and liquid resources. The Company may use derivatives, other than in relation to the sale of index futures, for hedging or tactical investment purposes. The Company may only sell index futures for efficient portfolio management purposes. For the avoidance of doubt, any derivative instrument may only be used with the prior authorisation of the Board.

Ā 

The Company has the ability to enter into contracts to hedge against currency risks on both capital and income.

Ā 

The Company's investment activities are subject to the following limitations and restrictions:

Ā 

- under the Company's Articles of Association, up to 40% of the Company's total assets on the last audited balance sheet may be used to make investments of up to a maximum of 8% of the value of total assets in any one company, at the time the investment is made. Thereafter, individual investments may not exceed 3% of the value of total assets, at the time the investment is made;

- the levels of gearing and gross gearing are monitored closely by the Board and the Manager. The Board currently limits gearing to 20%. While gearing will be employed in a typical range of 0% to 20%, the Company retains the ability to lower equity exposure to a net cash position if deemed appropriate;

- the Company has a policy not to invest more than 15% of total assets in other listed closed-ended investment funds; and

- the Company may not make investments in respect of which there is unlimited liability except that the Company may sell index futures for efficient portfolio management purposes.

Investment policy - implementation

During the year under review, the assets of the Company were invested in accordance with the Company's investment policy.

Ā 

A full list of holdings and detailed analysis of the spread of investments by geographic region and industry sector is shown in the Annual Report and Financial Statements. A further analysis of changes in asset distribution by industry sector over the year, including the sources of gains/losses, is also shown therein. Attribution of NAV performance is shown above.

Ā 

At the year end, the number of listed holdings was 59 (2019: 51). The top ten holdings comprised 39.5% of total assets (2019: 37.0%).

Ā 

Details of the extent to which the Company's objective has been achieved and how the investment policy was implemented are provided in the Chairman's Statement and the Manager's Review.

Ā 

Additional limitations on borrowings

Under the Company's Articles of Association, the Directors control the borrowings of the Company and its subsidiaries to ensure that the aggregate amount of borrowings does not, unless approved by an ordinary resolution of shareholders, exceed the aggregate of the reserves excluding unrealised capital profits of the Company and its subsidiaries, as published in the latest accounts. In addition, the Directors are authorised to incur temporary borrowings in the ordinary course of business of up to 10% of the Company's issued share capital. Such temporary borrowings are to be for no longer than six months.

Ā 

Principal risks and uncertainties

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Company are considered under the following categories:

- Strategic - the level of investor appetite for the Company declines resulting in divestment or the Company's objective is challenged by significant external events such as regulatory change, global financial instability and the uncertainties around Brexit, Scottish independence and the global pandemic;

- Investment portfolio and performance - the Company becomes unattractive due to level of relative performance, whether against peers or global market trends;

- Financial - failure to set and monitor appropriate policies and controls in relation to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk;

- Operational - the potential failure of the Company's third party service providers' systems, including vulnerability to cyber attack or loss of key personnel; and

- Tax, legal and regulatory - compliance with existing requirements and the ability to identify and respond to the continued volume of change in this area.

Ā 

These and other risks facing the Company are reviewed regularly by the Audit Committee and the Board.

Ā 

Performance

Management provides the Board with detailed information on the Company's performance at every Board meeting. Performance is assessed in comparison with the Company's peers and the comparator indices. During the financial year, the Board received regular updates from the management team, in response to and in order to more closely monitor market volatility and macro-economic uncertainty caused by the global pandemic.

Ā 

Key Performance Indicators

The Directors use the following Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and a number of Alternative Performance Measures (APMs) in order to assess the Company's success in achieving its objectives. These KPIs and APMs are viewed by the Board to be the most appropriate long term measures to enable investors to gain an understanding of the Company's business.

- NAV total return;

- NAV total return against comparators;

- NAV and share price total return against peers;

- discount with debt at market value;

- dividend growth against UK inflation; and

- ongoing charges figure.

Due to the contrarian nature of the Company's investment strategy, no formal targets are set for the KPIs and APMs referred to above.

Ā 

Definitions of the APMs can be found in the Glossary in the Annual Report and Financial Statements.

Ā 

Future Developments

The main trends and factors likely to affect the future development, performance and position of the Company's business are set out in the Chairman's Statement and the Manager's Review.

Ā 

Dividends

The Board may declare dividends, including interim dividends, but no dividend is payable in excess of the amount recommended by the Directors. The Company updated its Articles of Association in 2019 to allow distribution of its capital profits.

Ā 

The Directors recommend a final dividend of 6.1p payable on 12 February 2021. With the interim dividends each of 5.7p already paid in May, August and November 2020, this makes a total of 23.2p for the year. Based on 72,896,247 shares in issue at 31 October 2020, the final dividend will cost £4.447m. The total dividend for the year will cost £17.026m.

Ā 

Share capital

General

The Company had 72,896,247 shares of 25p each in issue on 31 October 2020 (2019: 73,893,508). Since the year end, the Company has bought back 545,747 shares for cancellation. The rights attaching to shares in the Company are set out in the Company's Articles of Association which may be amended by the passing of a special resolution of shareholders, that is, by the approval of a majority of not less than 75% of votes cast.

Ā 

The Financial Conduct Authority rules in relation to non-mainstream investment products do not apply to the Company.

Ā 

Rights to the capital of the Company on winding up

Shareholders would be entitled to the assets of the Company in the event of a winding up (after the Company's other liabilities had been satisfied).

Ā 

Voting

On a show of hands, every shareholder present in person or by proxy has one vote and on a poll every member present in person or by proxy has one vote for each share.

Ā 

Transfer

There are no restrictions concerning the holding or transfer of shares in the Company and there are no special rights attaching to any of the shares. The Company is not aware of any agreements between shareholders which might result in any restriction on the transfer of shares or their voting rights.

Ā 

Deadlines for exercising voting rights

If a shareholder wishes to appoint a proxy to attend, speak and vote at a meeting on their behalf, a valid appointment is made when the form of proxy (together, where relevant, with a notarially certified copy of the power of attorney or other authority under which the form of proxy is signed) is received by the Company's registrar not less than 48 hours before the start of the meeting or the adjourned meeting at which the proxy is appointed to vote (or, in the case of a poll taken more than 48 hours after it is demanded, no later than 24 hours before the time appointed for taking the poll). In calculating these time periods, no account is taken of any day or part thereof that is not a working day.

Ā 

Discount control policy

The Company's policy aims, in normal market conditions, to maintain the discount to cum-income NAV at or below 9%. In calculating the NAV for the purposes of this policy, the Company's borrowings are taken at their market value so as to ensure that future repurchases of shares will take into account changes in the value of the borrowings brought about by movements in long-term interest rates. During the year ended 31 October 2020, the Company bought back for cancellation a total of 997,261 shares of 25p each representing 1.3% of shares in issue at 31 October 2019, at a cost of £7,334,000.

Ā 

At the AGM on 4 February 2020, authority was granted to repurchase up to 14.99% of shares in issue on that date. The number of shares authorised for repurchase was 11,067,642. Share buybacks from the date of the AGM to the Company's year end amounted to 937,261 shares or 1.27 percentage points of the 14.99% authority.

Ā 

Holding in listed closed-ended investment funds

The Company has a policy not to invest more than 15% of total assets in other listed closed-ended investment funds.

Ā 

Unlisted portfolio

The Company's unlisted holdings were valued at £2.4m (0.4% of shareholders' funds). These comprise the Company's office property and subsidiary company.

Ā 

Viability statement

The Directors have assessed the prospects of the Company for a period of five years. The Board believes this time period continues to be most appropriate as it aligns with the Company's strategy to deliver above-average returns over the longer term, being at least five years.

Ā 

In making this assessment, the Directors have considered detailed information provided at Board meetings which includes: the Company's balance sheet, gearing level, share price discount (or premium), asset allocation, income and operating expenses.

Ā 

Consideration was also given to the principal risks and uncertainties faced by the Company, its portfolio of liquid listed international equity investments and cash balances, as well as its ability to achieve the stated dividend policy and to cover the interest payments on the Company's debt.

Ā 

The Board has also considered the implications of the global pandemic in 2020 and resultant global macro-economic uncertainty, in relation to the Company's investment position, its future income streams, its gearing covenants and its ability to continue trading operationally.

Ā 

The Company was in a resilient financial position as at 31 October 2020, with a strong asset-backed balance sheet and a flexible team capable of adapting to different working patterns. If necessary, the Company would be able to withstand continuing market volatility, reduced asset values and income streams and a depressed macro-economic outlook for a considerable period of time.

Ā 

Based on the above, and notwithstanding a more uncertain macro-economic outlook this year, the Board confirms it has a reasonable expectation that the Company will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the five year period of this viability assessment.

Ā 

Stakeholder relations (s.172 Statement)

InĀ performingĀ itsĀ duties,Ā the BoardĀ appliesĀ theĀ following keyĀ principlesĀ ofĀ sectionĀ 172Ā ofĀ theĀ CompaniesĀ Act 2006,Ā beingĀ thoseĀ relevantĀ toĀ theĀ CompanyĀ asĀ aĀ listed investmentĀ company,Ā toĀ allĀ itsĀ decisionĀ making:

Ā 

(a)Ā theĀ likelyĀ consequencesĀ ofĀ anyĀ decisionĀ inĀ the longĀ term;

(b)Ā theĀ interestsĀ ofĀ theĀ Company'sĀ employees;

(c)Ā theĀ needĀ toĀ fosterĀ theĀ Company'sĀ business relationshipsĀ withĀ suppliers,Ā customersĀ andĀ others;

(d)Ā theĀ impactĀ ofĀ theĀ Company'sĀ operationsĀ onĀ the communityĀ andĀ theĀ environment;

(e)Ā theĀ desirabilityĀ ofĀ theĀ CompanyĀ maintainingĀ a reputationĀ forĀ highĀ standardsĀ ofĀ businessĀ conduct; and

(f)Ā theĀ needĀ toĀ actĀ fairly as betweenĀ membersĀ ofĀ the Company.

Ā 

AsĀ the BoardĀ considersĀ thatĀ theĀ CompanyĀ inĀ factĀ has relativelyĀ fewĀ externalĀ stakeholders,Ā theĀ keyĀ groups beingĀ itsĀ shareholders,Ā itsĀ employeesĀ andĀ itsĀ key serviceĀ providers,Ā theĀ DirectorsĀ haveĀ focused attention onĀ ensuringĀ theĀ followingĀ robustĀ mechanismsĀ protect theirĀ interests:

Ā 

Stakeholder

Engagement in year

Shareholders

The Board recognises the importance of communications with shareholders. The primary modes of communication are the interim and annual reports which are designed to provide shareholders with a full understanding of the Company's activities and performance.

The Company's Annual General Meeting in February 2020 was held in person. The Company also engages with shareholders and potential shareholders via its website, social media and a regular newsletter.

Under normal circumstances, the Board welcomes the opportunity to meet with shareholders at the Annual General Meeting and to respond to any questions that may be raised. Due to the unprecedented circumstances arising from the global pandemic, the Company will be holding a closed AGM in 2021; however, shareholders are welcome to submit questions ahead of the AGM or at any time throughout the year via email to info@thescottish.co.uk or by writing to the Chairman at the Company's registered office.

Employees

The Company is fortunate to benefit from a group of long-serving, experienced staff. The team works closely with the Board in defining and implementing strategy to meet the Company's objective. In light of the small number of employees, there is regular formal and informal interaction between the Board and staff. In addition, an Employee Handbook is provided to all staff. The handbook, which is reviewed annually, sets out key policies and procedures to ensure the well-being of all employees. The Company has also established a whistleblowing policy Ā which enables concerns to be raised and investigated in a confidential manner.

As a result of the global pandemic, provision has been made to ensure that employees are able to work safely and effectively from home. Appropriate adaptations have been made to the office space to create a Covid-safe working environment for employees' return in due course.

Key Service Providers

As a company with a listing on the Premium Segment of the London Stock Exchange, the Board is mindful of the importance of ensuring compliance with appropriate corporate legislation and the rules and regulations of the Financial Conduct Authority insofar as they relate to the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, S.I.T. Savings Limited.

There is a robust oversight framework in place to evaluate the performance of key service providers, including Maitland (who provide company secretarial and administration services) as well as our custodian and depositary. The Board and management maintain regular communication with senior personnel at key service providers to provide feedback, ensure open communications and to develop and maintain long-term collaborative partnerships.

There was enhanced dialogue between the Company and its key service providers during the year to monitor their responses to the Covid-19 pandemic and to ensure that business continuity processes were operating effectively.

Community and Environment

As stated in the Chairman's Statement, in pursuing the Company's objectives, various factors that may impact on the performance are considered and these may include environmental, social and governance issues. The consideration of ESG factors is an important part of the investment process as the Company believes that poor practices can have an impact on the value of investments and potential investments. In a broader context, the Company's operations create employment, aid economic growth, as well as generating tax revenues and wealth, thereby benefitting the community, economy and environment more generally.

Ā 

Principal Decisions

WeĀ setĀ outĀ belowĀ someĀ examplesĀ ofĀ howĀ the Board hasĀ hadĀ regardĀ toĀ theĀ mattersĀ setĀ outĀ inĀ sectionĀ 172(1) (a)-(f)Ā whenĀ dischargingĀ itsĀ sectionĀ 172Ā dutyĀ andĀ the effectĀ ofĀ thatĀ onĀ decisionsĀ takenĀ byĀ us.Ā WeĀ define principalĀ decisionsĀ asĀ bothĀ thoseĀ thatĀ areĀ materialĀ to theĀ Company,Ā butĀ alsoĀ thoseĀ thatĀ areĀ significantĀ to anyĀ ofĀ ourĀ keyĀ stakeholders.Ā InĀ makingĀ theĀ following principalĀ decisions,Ā the BoardĀ consideredĀ theĀ relevant impactĀ onĀ stakeholdersĀ asĀ wellĀ asĀ theĀ needĀ toĀ maintain aĀ reputationĀ forĀ highĀ standardsĀ ofĀ businessĀ conduct.

Ā 

Principal decision 1 - Dividend declarations

Each year, in conjunction with advice from the Manager, the Board makes an assessment of the strength of the Company's income, forecast revenue, revenue reserve and future prospects relative to uncertainties in the external environment and makes decisions about the payment of dividends. Despite the uncertainties arising from the global pandemic and having reviewed a range of metrics, the Board approved and declared dividends totalling £17.026m to shareholders during the year to 31 October 2020.

Principal decision 2 - Comparator index change

AsĀ partĀ ofĀ the Board'sĀ annualĀ reviewĀ ofĀ theĀ Company's strategy,Ā itĀ consideredĀ theĀ ongoingĀ appropriateness ofĀ theĀ twoĀ comparatorĀ indicesĀ whichĀ itĀ hadĀ beenĀ using toĀ assessĀ performance. TakingĀ intoĀ accountĀ feedback fromĀ someĀ shareholdersĀ andĀ theĀ viewsĀ ofĀ theĀ current Directors,Ā itĀ wasĀ concludedĀ thatĀ itĀ wouldĀ beĀ better toĀ moveĀ toĀ aĀ singleĀ comparatorĀ index,Ā theĀ MSCIĀ All CountryĀ WorldĀ Index. The BoardĀ believesĀ thatĀ thisĀ will provideĀ shareholdersĀ withĀ aĀ clearĀ comparisonĀ ofĀ the Company'sĀ performanceĀ againstĀ globalĀ markets,Ā asĀ well asĀ providingĀ directionĀ toĀ the ManagerĀ onĀ howĀ weĀ willĀ be assessingĀ performanceĀ inĀ theĀ future.

Ā 

Principal decision 2 - Elimination of the actuarial deficit in the Company's defined benefit pension scheme

Following completion of the latest triennial valuation of the Company's defined benefit pension scheme, the Board gave consideration to the options around the future funding of the scheme. As a result of its deliberations, the Board approved a one-off contribution of £3,220,000 to the Company's Retirement Benefits Scheme to eliminate the remaining actuarial deficit after deduction of regular payments in the year. In reaching this decision, the Board considered the effects on key stakeholders including employees, shareholders and the Company as a whole. Further information is provided in note 4 to the financial statements.

Ā 

Investment risk

The investment portfolio is diversified over a range of industries and regions in order to spread risk. The Company has a long-term policy of borrowing money to invest in equities in the expectation that this will improve returns but, should stockmarkets fall, such borrowings would magnify losses. The Company can buy back and cancel its own shares. All other things being equal, this would have the effect of increasing gearing.

Ā 

Performance comparators

The Company does not have a formal benchmark.

Ā 

Performance is reviewed in the context of returns achieved by a broad basket of UK equities through the MSCI UK All Cap Index and of international equities through the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI). The portfolio is not modelled on any index.

Ā 

As explained in the Chairman's Statement, with effect from 1 November 2020 the Company will henceforth compare performance against the MSCI All Country World Index as the sole comparator.

Ā 

Management

The Board has appointed the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, S.I.T. Savings Limited, as its Alternative Investment Fund Manager (AIFM).

Ā 

Day-to-day management of the Company is delegated to the Company's executive management which reports directly to the Board.

Ā 

The Board has appointed Maitland Administration Services Limited to provide company secretarial, administration and accounting services to the Company. Northern Trust acts as custodian and depositary.

Ā 

Substantial shareholdings

At 31 October 2020, the Company had been informed of the following notifiable interest in its voting rights:

Ā 

Ā 

Shares

%

held

Wells Capital Management Inc.

4,924,836

6.8

Ā 

On 4 November 2020, Wells Capital Management Inc. informed the Company that it no longer held a notifiable interest in its voting rights. On the same date, 1607 Capital Partners, LLC informed the Company of its interest in 3,785,706 shares, being 5.2% of the share capital as at 31 October 2020.

Ā 

Analysis of share register at 31 October 2020

Ā 

Category of holder

Share capital

%

Individuals

82.6

Investment companies

5.2

Pension funds

5.7

Other

6.5

Total

100.0

Ā 

Company's directors and employees

The table below shows the breakdown of Directors and employees.

Ā 

31 October 2020

31 October 2019

Male

Female

Male

Female

Directors

3

2

4

2

Senior Manager

1

0

1

0

Employees

5

5

4

5

Ā 

Purpose, Culture and Stakeholders

Reflecting the time the Board has spent considering these areas during the year, our stakeholder responsibilities and approach to purpose, culture and values are reviewed in more detail within the Annual Report and Financial Statements.

Ā 

Environmental, Social and Governance Policy

When investments are made, the primary objective is to achieve the best investment return while allowing for an acceptable degree of risk. In pursuing this objective, various factors that may impact on the performance are considered and these may include environmental, social and governance issues.

Ā 

The consideration of ESG factors is an important part of the investment process as the Board and Manager believe that poor practices can have an impact on the value of the Company's investments and/or potential investments. Prescriptive criteria are not applied; however, the Manager considers the circumstances of each situation.

Ā 

If an ESG concern pertaining to an existing investment is identified the Manager would initially consider if engagement with the investee company would give rise to a satisfactory resolution. Depending on the conclusion, the Manager will either engage with the company to encourage resolution of the issue or sell the investment.

Ā 

As an investment trust, the Company does not provide goods or services in the normal course of business, nor does it have customers. Accordingly, the Directors consider that the Company does not fall within the scope of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and that there are no disclosures to be made in respect of human rights or community issues.

Ā 

Bribery Act 2010

The Company has a zero tolerance policy towards bribery and a commitment to carry out business fairly, honestly and openly.

Ā 

Criminal Finances Act 2017

The Company has a zero tolerance policy to tax evasion and the facilitation of tax evasion.

Ā 

The Strategic Report was approved by the Board and signed on its behalf by:

Ā 

James Will

Chairman

11 December 2020

Ā 

Financial Summary

Ā 

Ā 

2020

Ā 

2019

Ā 

Change

%

Total

Return

%

NAV with borrowings at market value

755.5p

878.5p

-14.0

-10.6§

NAV with borrowings at amortised cost

793.6p

915.9p

-13.4

-10.1§

Ex-income NAV with borrowings at market value§

750.9p

864.2p

-13.1

Ex-income NAV with borrowings at amortised cost

789.0p

901.6p

-12.5

Share price

681.0p

807.0p

-15.6

-12.0

Discount to NAV with borrowings at market value§

9.9%

8.1%

MSCI ACWI

+3.2

+5.0

MSCI UK All Cap Index

-23.0

-20.6

Ā£'000

Ā£'000

Equity investments

581,235

687,820

Pension surplus

1,161

-

Net current assets

80,542

74,173

Total assets

662,938

761,993

Long-term borrowings at amortised cost

(84,013)

(83,921)

Pension scheme deferred tax on surplus

(406)

-

Pension liability

-

(1,279)

Shareholders' funds

578,519

676,793

Earnings per share

21.70p

29.75p

-27.1

Regular dividend per share (2020: proposed final 6.10p)

23.20p

22.80p

+1.8

Special dividend per share

-

7.45p

Total dividend per share

23.20p

30.25p

-23.3

UK Consumer Prices Index - annual inflation

+0.7

Ā 

§ Alternative Performance Measures (please refer to Glossary in Annual Report and Financial Statements)

Ā 

Year's High & Low

Year to

31 October 2020

Year to

31 October 2019

High

Low

High

Low

NAV with borrowings at market value

924.0p

705.2p

930.6p

812.9p

Closing share price

841.0p

557.0p

843.0p

748.0p

Discount to NAV with borrowings at market value

25.8%

5.9%

10.1%

7.0%

Ā 

List of Investments

As at 31 October 2020

Ā 

Listed Equities

Ā 

Market value

Cumulative

weight

Holding

Country

Ā£'000

%

Newmont

US

49,475

Barrick Gold

Canada

47,034

Newcrest Mining

Australia

35,884

Pfizer

US

22,254

Japan Tobacco

Japan

21,209

Roche

Switzerland

21,041

United Utilities

UK

17,515

Severn Trent

UK

16,031

Duke Energy

US

16,029

Gilead Sciences

US

15,201

45.0

BT

UK

14,135

Kirin

Japan

13,939

KT&G

South Korea

13,830

Tesco

UK

13,365

Sanofi

France

13,278

GlaxoSmithKline

UK

13,176

Verizon Communications

US

12,584

China Mobile

China

12,037

PepsiCo

US

11,443

Gold Fields

South Africa

11,176

67.2

Bristol-Myers Squibb

US

10,849

Deutsche Telekom

Germany

9,961

Target

US

9,948

Telstra

Australia

9,803

Carrefour

France

9,316

Altria

US

9,206

Chevron

US

8,600

Anglogold Ashanti

South Africa

8,163

Total

France

7,862

Orange

France

6,630

82.8

National Grid

UK

6,548

JPMorgan Chase

US

6,063

British American Tobacco

UK

5,996

KPN

Netherlands

5,974

AT&T

US

5,956

BP

UK

5,603

KDDI

Japan

5,301

East Japan Railway

Japan

5,046

Royal Dutch Shell

UK

4,829

Aegon

Netherlands

4,267

92.3

Tele2

Sweden

3,907

Exxon Mobil

US

3,431

Dominion Energy

US

3,169

First Horizon

US

3,059

Banco Santander

Spain

3,005

Philip Morris International

US

2,856

Capri

US

2,805

Bank of Kyoto

Japan

2,581

Ambev

Brazil

2,539

Sumitomo Mitsui Financial

Japan

2,461

97.4

Halliburton

US

2,425

NatWest

UK

1,925

Mitsubishi UFJ Financial

Japan

1,602

ING

Netherlands

1,557

Lloyds Banking

UK

1,303

BNP Paribas

France

1,286

Adecco

Switzerland

928

Intesa Sanpaolo

Italy

869

Standard Chartered

UK

595

Total listed equities

578,860

99.6

Ā 

Ā 

Ā 

Unlisted

Market value

Cumulative

weight

Holding

Country

Ā£'000

%

Heritable property and subsidiary

UK

2,375

Total unlisted

2,375

0.4

Total equities

581,235

100.0

The 10 largest holdings have an aggregate market value of £261,673,000.

Ā 

Distribution of Total Assets

by Sector

31 October

2020

%

31 October

2019

%

by Region

31 October

2020

%

31 October

2019

%

Energy

4.9

11.1

UK

15.6

22.6

Materials

22.9

14.2

Europe (ex UK)

13.5

19.1

Industrials

0.9

4.0

North America

36.6

29.5

Consumer Discretionary

1.9

9.5

Latin America

0.4

-

Consumer Staples

15.7

12.8

Japan

7.9

10.4

Health Care

14.5

8.1

Asia Pacific (ex Japan)

10.8

8.7

Financials

5.0

11.2

Middle East & Africa

2.9

-

Information Technology

-

-

Pension surplus

0.2

-

Communication Services

13.0

15.4

Net current assets

12.1

9.7

Utilities

8.9

2.3

Total assets

100.0

100.0

Real Estate

-

1.7

Pension surplus

0.2

-

Net current assets

12.1

9.7

Total assets

100.0

100.0

Ā 

Allocation of Shareholders' Funds

%

Total equities

100.5

Pension surplus

0.2

Net current assets

13.9

Borrowings at amortised cost

-14.5

Provisions for liabilities

-0.1

Shareholders' funds

100.0

Ā 

Changes in Asset Distribution

by Sector

Ā 

31 October

2019

Ā£m

Net purchases

(sales)

Ā£m

Ā 

Appreciation

(depreciation)

Ā£m

Ā 

31 October

2020

Ā£m

Energy

84.5

(19.7)

(32.1)

32.7

Materials

108.1

5.7

37.9

151.7

Industrials

30.3

(18.4)

(5.9)

6.0

Consumer Discretionary

72.9

(62.6)

2.5

12.8

Consumer Staples

97.3

20.7

(14.3)

103.7

Health Care

61.8

45.7

(11.7)

95.8

Financials

85.1

(37.4)

(14.8)

32.9

Information Technology

-

-

-

-

Communication Services

117.1

-

(30.8)

86.3

Utilities

17.6

45.4

(3.7)

59.3

Real Estate

13.1

(7.3)

(5.8)

-

Total equities

687.8

(27.9)

(78.7)

581.2

Ā 

Changes in Shareholders' Funds

Ā 

31 October

2019

Ā£m

Net purchases

(sales)

Ā£m

Ā 

31 October

2020

Ā£m

Ā 

Gains

(losses)

Ā£m

Ā 

Dividend

income

Ā£m

Ā 

Total

return

Ā£m

Total equities

687.8

(27.9)

581.2

(78.7)

19.9

(58.8)

Pension surplus

-

-

1.2

Net current assets

74.2

6.0

80.5

Total assets

762.0

(21.9)

662.9

Borrowings at amortised cost

(83.9)

(0.1)

(84.0)

Provision for liabilities

(1.3)

-

(0.4)

Shareholders' funds

676.8

(22.0)

578.5

Ā 

Income Statement

For the year to 31 October 2020

Ā 

Ā 

Revenue

Ā£'000

Ā 

2020

Capital

Ā£'000

Ā 

Ā 

Total

Ā£'000

Ā 

Ā 

Revenue

Ā£'000

Ā 

2019

Capital

Ā£'000

Ā 

Ā 

Total

Ā£'000

Net losses on investments held

at fair value through profit and loss

-

(78,698)

(78,698)

-

(8,651)

(8,651)

Net gains/(losses) on currencies

-

818

818

-

(1,175)

(1,175)

Income

21,737

-

21,737

28,859

-

28,859

Expenses

(2,346)

(1,069)

(3,415)

(2,625)

(1,508)

(4,133)

Net Return before

Finance Costs and Taxation

19,391

(78,949)

(59,558)

26,234

(11,334)

14,900

Interest payable

(1,732)

(3,217)

(4,949)

(1,732)

(3,217)

(4,949)

Return on Ordinary

Activities before Tax

17,659

(82,166)

(64,507)

24,502

(14,551)

9,951

Tax on ordinary activities

(1,673)

-

(1,673)

(1,929)

-

(1,929)

Return attributable to Shareholders

15,986

(82,166)

(66,180)

22,573

(14,551)

8,022

Return per share

(basic and fully diluted)

21.70p

(111.52)p

(89.82)p

29.75p

(19.18)p

10.57p

Weighted average number of

shares in issue during the year

Ā 

73,677,432

Ā 

75,862,506

2020

Ā£'000

2019

Ā£'000

Dividends paid and proposed

First interim 2020: 5.70p (2019: 5.30p)

4,207

4,055

Second interim 2020: 5.70p (2019: 5.30p)

4,204

3,996

Third interim 2020: 5.70p (2019: 5.30p)

4,168

3,918

Final 2020: 6.10p (2019: 6.90p)

4,447

5,098

Special 2020: Nil (2019: 7.45p)

-

5,501

Total 2020: 23.20p (2019: 30.25p)

17,026

22,568

All revenue and capital items in the above statement derive from continuing operations

The total column of this statement is the profit and loss account of the Company.

Ā 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

Ā 

Balance Sheet

As at 31 October 2020

Ā 

Ā£'000

2020

Ā£'000

Ā£'000

2019

Ā£'000

Fixed Assets

Investments

581,235

687,820

Non-current Assets

Pension surplus

1,161

-

582,396

687,820

Current Assets

Debtors

7,188

2,459

Cash and cash equivalents

75,981

72,378

83,169

74,837

Creditors: liabilities falling due within one year

(2,627)

(664)

Net Current Assets

80,542

74,173

Total Assets less Current Liabilities

662,938

761,993

Creditors: liabilities falling due after more than one year

Long‑term borrowings at amortised cost

(84,013)

(83,921)

Provisions for Liabilities

Pension scheme deferred tax on surplus

(406)

Pension liability

-

(1,279)

Net Assets

578,519

676,793

Capital and Reserves

Called‑up share capital

18,224

18,474

Share premium account

39,922

39,922

Other reserves:

Capital redemption reserve

52,637

52,387

Capital reserve

423,402

513,930

Revenue reserve

44,334

52,080

Shareholders' Funds

578,519

676,793

Net Asset Value per share with borrowings at amortised cost (basic and fully diluted)

Ā 

793.6p

Ā 

915.9p

Number of shares in issue at year end

72,896,247

73,893,508

Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year to 31 October 2020

2020

2019

Revenue

Ā£'000

Capital

Ā£'000

Total

Ā£'000

Revenue

Ā£'000

Capital

Ā£'000

Total

Ā£'000

Return attributable to shareholders

15,986

(82,166)

(66,180)

22,573

(14,551)

8,022

Actuarial (losses)/gains relating to pension scheme

Ā 

(412)

Ā 

(764)

Ā 

(1,176)

Ā 

82

Ā 

151

Ā 

233

Pension scheme deferred tax on surplus

(142)

(264)

(406)

-

-

-

Total comprehensive income for the year

15,432

(83,194)

(67,762)

22,655

(14,400)

8,255

Total comprehensive income per share

20.95p

(112.92)p

(91.97)p

29.86p

(18.98)p

10.88p

Ā 

Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year to 31 October 2020

2020

Ā£'000

2019

Ā£'000

Opening balance

676,793

715,312

Total comprehensive income

(67,762)

8,255

Dividends

(23,178)

(19,796)

Share buybacks

(7,334)

(26,978)

Closing balance

578,519

676,793

Ā 

Cash Flow Statement

For the year to 31 October 2020

Ā 

Ā 

2020

Ā£'000

2019

Ā£'000

Operating activities

Net revenue before finance costs and taxation

19,391

26,234

Expenses charged to capital

(1,069)

(1,508)

Decrease/(increase) in accrued income

278

(91)

(Decrease)/increase in other payables

(60)

(135)

Decrease/(increase) in other receivables

158

(80)

Adjustment for pension funding

(3,616)

175

Tax on investment income

(1,637)

(1,929)

Cash flows from operating activities

13,445

22,666

Investing activities

Purchases of investments

(178,725)

(176,213)

Disposals of investments

203,970

196,088

Cash flows from investing activities

25,245

19,875

Cash flows before financing activities

38,690

42,541

Financing activities

Dividends paid

(23,178)

(19,800)

Share buybacks

(7,052)

(28,742)

Interest paid

(4,857)

(4,857)

Cash flows used in financing activities

(35,087)

(53,399)

Net movement in cash and cash equivalents

3,603

(10,858)

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year

72,378

83,236

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year *

75,981

72,378

Ā 

* Cash and cash equivalents represent cash at bank and short‑term money market deposits repayable on demand.

Ā 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

Ā 

Responsibility Statement

Ā 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the Financial Statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Ā 

Company law requires the Directors to prepare Financial Statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare the Financial Statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law), including FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland". Under company law the Directors must not approve the accounts unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing these Financial Statements, the Directors are required to:

Ā 

- select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

- make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

- state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the Financial Statements; and

- prepare the Financial Statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

Ā 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the Financial Statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Ā 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company's website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of Financial Statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

Ā 

The Board of Directors confirms that to the best of its knowledge:

Ā 

a) the Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and return of the Company;

b) the Strategic Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties the Company faces; and

c) the Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and understandable and provide the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company's position, performance, business model and strategy.

Ā 

The Responsibility Statement was approved by the Board and signed on its behalf by:

James WillChairman11 December 2020

Ā 

Notes

Ā 

1. Basis of accounting

The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 and with the AIC's Statement of Recommended Practice "Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital Trusts" (SORP) and in accordance with the Companies Act 2006. They are also prepared on a going concern basis under the historical cost convention, modified to include the revaluation of investments at fair value. It is the opinion of the Directors that, as most of the Company's assets are readily realisable and exceed its liabilities, it is expected that the Company will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and for at least the next 12 months from the date of signing these financial statements. The functional and presentation currency is pounds sterling, which is the currency of the environment in which the Company operates. The Company has chosen to apply the provisions of Sections 11 and 12 of FRS 102 in full in respect of the financial instruments.

Ā 

2. Return per ordinary share

The revenue return per share is calculated on net revenue on ordinary activities after taxation for the year of £15,986,000 (2019: £22,573,000) and on 73,677,432 (2019: 75,862,506) shares, being the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Ā 

The capital return per share is calculated on net capital loss for the year of £82,166,000 (2019: net capital loss of £14,551,000) and on 73,677,432 (2019: 75,862,506) shares, being the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Ā 

The total return per share is calculated on total loss for the year of £66,180,000 (2019: profit of £8,022,000) and on 73,677,432 shares (2019: 75,862,506), being the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Ā 

3. Net asset value per share

The net asset value per share with borrowings at amortised cost is based on net assets of £578,519,000 (2019: £676,793,000) and on 72,896,247 (2019: 73,893,508) shares, being the number of shares in issue at the year end.

Ā 

4. Dividends

A final dividend in respect of the year ended 31 October 2020 of 6.10p (2019 - 6.90p) per share will be paid on 12Ā February 2021 to shareholders on the register on 15 January 2021 (ex-dividend 14 January 2021).

Ā 

5. Related parties

Directors' fees are detailed in the Directors' Remuneration Report. There were no matters requiring disclosure under section 412 of the Companies Act 2006. S.I.T. Savings Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. During the year to 31 October 2020 the net amount paid to S.I.T. Savings Limited was £1,667 (2019: nil) in relation to expenses. At 31 October 2020 the net amount due to S.I.T. Savings Limited was £10,501 (2019: £14,011). The net amount receivable from S.I.T. Savings Limited was £13,860 (2019: £14,812).

Ā 

The financial information set out above does not constitute the Company's statutory Financial Statements for the year ended 31 October 2020 but is derived from those Financial Statements. Statutory Financial Statements for the year ended 31 October 2020 will be delivered to the Registrar of Companies in due course. The Auditors have reported on those Financial Statements; their report was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the Auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying the report and (iii) did not contain a statement under Section 498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006. The text of the Auditors' Report will be found in the Company's full Annual Report and Financial Statements on the Company's website: www.thescottish.co.uk Copies may also be obtained from the Company Secretary: Maitland Administration Services Limited, Hamilton Centre, Rodney Way, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 3BY.

Ā 

Risk management policies and procedures

Ā 

As an investment trust, the Company invests in equities and other investments for the long term so as to secure its investment objective. In pursuing its investment objective, the Company is exposed to a variety of risks that could result in a reduction in the Company's net assets and a reduction in the profits available for dividend.

Ā 

The main risks include investment and market price risk (comprising foreign currency risk and interest rate risk), liquidity risk and credit risk. The Directors' approach to the management of these risks is set out below. The Directors of the Company and of S.I.T. Savings Limited coordinate the Company's risk management.

Ā 

The Company's policies and processes for managing the risks, and the methods used to measure the risks, which are set out below, have not changed from those applied in the previous year.

Ā 

Please refer to the Corporate Governance Report in the Annual Report and Financial Statements regarding the Company's risk as a result of Covid-19.

Ā 

a. Investment and market price risk

The holding of securities and investing activities involve certain inherent risks, principally in relation to market risk. A contrarian investment approach is a distinctive style that may deviate from comparator indices and peer group performance over discrete periods. Whilst performance is compared against major global and UK indices, the composition of indices has no influence on investment decisions or the construction of the portfolio. As a result, it is expected that the Company's investment portfolio and performance may deviate from the comparator indices. Events may occur which affect the value of investments. From time to time, the Company may wish to use derivatives in order to protect against a specific risk or to facilitate a change in investment strategy such as the movement of funds from one area to another. No such transaction may take place without the prior authorisation of the Board.

Ā 

Management of the risk

Company performance is monitored at each Board meeting, including investment performance. The Company holds a portfolio which is well diversified across industrial and geographical areas to help minimise these risks. The contrarian investment approach is explained in our shareholder communications and through meetings with media and the investor community. The levels of gearing and gross gearing are monitored closely by the Board and the Manager. The Board currently limits gearing to 20%. While gearing will be employed in a typical range of 0% to 20%, the Company retains the ability to lower equity exposure to a net cash position if deemed appropriate.

Ā 

b. Foreign currency risk

Approximately 82% of the Company's assets are invested overseas which gives rise to a currency risk. From time to time, specific hedging transactions may be undertaken. The Company's overseas income is subject to currency movements. The currency profile of the Company's monetary assets and liabilities is set out below.

Ā 

Management of the risk

Management monitors the Company's exposure to foreign currencies on a daily basis, and reports to the Board at regular intervals. Management measures the risk to the Company of the foreign currency exposure by considering the effect on the Company's net asset value and income of a movement in the rates of exchange to which the Company's assets, liabilities, income and expenses are exposed.

Ā 

Foreign currency borrowings and forward currency contracts may be used to limit the Company's exposure to anticipated future changes in exchange rates which might otherwise adversely affect the value of the portfolio of investments or the income received from them. These borrowings and contracts are limited to currencies and amounts commensurate with the asset exposure to those currencies.

Ā 

Income denominated in foreign currencies is converted to sterling on receipt. The Company does not use financial instruments to mitigate the currency exposure in the period between the time that income is receivable and its receipt.

Ā 

c. Interest rate risk

The Company finances its operations through a combination of investment realisations, retained revenue reserves, debenture stocks and secured bonds. All debenture stocks and secured bonds are at fixed rates.

Ā 

Management of the risk

The Company finances part of its activities through borrowings at levels which have been approved and are monitored by the Board.

Ā 

d. Liquidity risk

Almost all of the Company's assets comprise listed securities which represent a ready source of funds.

Ā 

Management of the risk

Liquidity risk is not as significant as the other risks as most of the Company's assets are investments in quoted equities and are readily realisable. Management reviews the liquidity of the portfolio when making investment decisions.

Ā 

e. Credit risk

The failure of the counterparty to a transaction to discharge its obligations under that transaction could result in the Company suffering a loss.

Ā 

Management of the risk

This risk is managed as follows:

Ā 

- by dealing only with brokers and banks which have been approved by the Audit Committee and which have credit ratings assigned by international credit rating agencies; and

- by setting limits on the maximum exposure to any one counterparty at any time, which are reviewed semi-annually at meetings of the Audit Committee.

Ā 

f. Capital management policies and procedures

The Company carries on its business as a global growth investment trust. Its objective is to provide investors, over the longer term, with above-average returns through a diversified portfolio of international equities and to achieve dividend growth ahead of UK inflation.

Ā 

The levels of gearing and gross gearing are monitored closely by the Board and management. The Board currently limits gearing to 20%. While gearing will be employed in a typical range of 0% to 20%, the Company retains the ability to lower equity exposure to a net cash position if deemed appropriate.

Ā 

The Board, with the assistance of management, monitors and reviews the structure of the Company's capital on an ongoing basis. This review includes the planned level of gearing which will take into account management's view on the market, the need to buy back shares for cancellation and the level of dividends.

Ā 

The Company's policies and processes for managing capital are unchanged from the previous year.

Ā 

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Ā 
END
Ā 
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