Atalaya Mining Regulatory News (ATYM)

4 April 2019

Atalaya Mining Plc

("Atalaya" and/or the "Group")

Results for the year ended 31 December 2018

A successful year reporting €53.5 million EBITDA for 42,114 tonnes of copper

Atalaya Mining Plc (AIM: ATYM; TSX: AYM) is pleased to announce its audited consolidated results for the year ended 31 December 2018.

The full audited report, including the consolidated Financial Statements is also available under the Company's profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on Atalaya's website at www.atalayamining.com

Financial Highlights

· Revenues amounted to €189.5 million during 2018 (2017: €160.5 million) as a result of 183,368 tonnes of concentrates sold in the period (2017: 158,591 tonnes). As at 31 December 2018, Atalaya had 4,667 tonnes of copper concentrate in inventories (2017: 7,274 tonnes), which were shipped during Q1 2019.

· Group operating costs and corporate costs amounted to €128.9 million and €5.9 million, respectively (2017: €114.7 million and €4.5 million, respectively), providing an EBITDA of €53.5 million for the twelve months ended 31 December 2018 (2017: €41.3 million).

· Cash costs for 2018 were US$1.94/lb of payable copper (2017: US$1.91/lb), below the revised guidance of US$1.95/lb, providing healthy margins and positive cash flows at average realised copper prices of $2.95/lb during the year.

· AISC averaged $2.26/lb of payable copper for the year, within the revised guidance of US$2.25-2.40/lb.

· Group net income of €34.4 million (or 25.4 cents per outstanding share) (2017: €18.2 million or 15.5 cents per outstanding share).

· Net assets totalled €286.4 million (2017: €246.9 million), comprising non-current assets of €337.5 million, non-current liabilities of €59.6 million and working capital of €8.4 million. Long term liabilities include the Deferred Consideration to Astor amounting to €53 million. Working capital includes €33.1 million of cash and cash equivalents.

· Positive cash flows from operating activities for the twelve months ended 31 December 2018 amounted to €55.3 million (2017: €30.5 million). Cash invested during the period amounted to €65.7 million (2017: €22.7 million), mainly for the expansion of Proyecto Riotinto and deferred mining costs.

Operating Highlights

Proyecto Riotinto - operating ahead of expectations

· 11.4% increase in tonnes of ore processed to 9.8 million tonnes ("Mt") (2017: 8.8 Mt) with stable operations quarter-on-quarter during the second full year of commercial production.

· 13.3% year on year increase in copper production to 42,114 tonnes (2017: 37,164 tonnes), above the revised 2018 high-end guidance of 41,000 tonnes.

· Copper grade consistent with estimates averaging 0.49% for 2018.

· Year on year increase in recovery rate to 88.30% (2017: 85.45%), which was above revised increased high-end guidance for the year.

· On 9 July 2018, Atalaya announced the completion of a NI 43-101 report on an updated resources and reserves estimate for Proyecto Riotinto. The main features of the reports, based on the position as at 31 December 2017, are:

o Updated open pit proven and probable reserves estimate report a 29% increase in mineral reserves up to 197 million tonnes grading 0.42% of copper.

o Reduced operating cash cost and All-in Sustaining costs of $2.10/lb and $2.22/lb of payable copper, respectively.

o Life of mine of 13.8 years including ramp up production to 11 million tonnes in 2019 and 15 million tonnes from 2020.

o Reduced strip ratio, waste to ore, of 1.43:1

Expansion of Proyecto Riotinto - remains on track for mechanical completion at the end of Q2 2019

· The 15Mtpa Expansion Project progressed according to schedule during the year with an overall progress completion at the end of December 2018 of over 80%.

· All efforts are now concentrated around site construction activities:

o Earthworks were completed and civil engineering works are being finalised.

o Installation of mechanical equipment was completed in the flotation and concentrate handling areas.

o Structural steel works have been finalised in the flotation area with piping installation under way.

o Piping was completed in the concentrate handling area with electrical installation well advanced.

Proyecto Touro

· During the second quarter of 2018, the Company announced the completion of a pre-feasibility study ("PFS") for the proposed open pit mine and concentrator at Proyecto Touro, prepared using the headings of, and guidance set out in the NI 43-101 report. Highlights of the PFS report are:

o 392,000 tonnes of contained copper in Proven and Probable reserves;

o Average yearly production of 30,000 tonnes of copper and 70,000 ounces of silver in concentrate;

o Pre-production capital expenditure of $165 million;

o All-in sustaining costs of US$1.85/lb of payable Cu net of silver credits; and

o NPV of $180 million post-tax at 8% discount rate using long term copper price of US3.00/lb.

· The environmental impact assessment process was completed during Q4 2018 and since the filing, a number of queries have been addressed and cleared as part of the consulting and permitting process. Atalaya is looking forward to the evaluation of the project from a regulatory perspective which is the next step in the permitting process.

Outlook for 2019

· 2019 production guidance estimated within 45,000 to 46,500 tonnes of copper, including the impact of the extra capacity from the expansion towards the end of the year.

· Cash costs and AISC 2019 guidance to range from US$1.95/lb to US$2.15/lb and from US$2.25/lb to US$2.45/lb, respectively.

Operating Highlights

Ruling of AAU

· On 26 September 2018, Atalaya received notice from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Andalucía ruling in favour of certain claims made by environmental group Ecologistas en Accion ("EeA") against the government of Andalucía ("Junta de Andalucía" or "JdA") and Atalaya, as co-defendant in the case.

In July 2014, EeA had filed a legal claim to JdA with a request to declare null the Unified Environmental declaration (in Spanish, Authorization Ambiental Unificada, or "AAU") granted to Atalaya Riotinto Minera, S.L.U. dated 27 March 2014, which was required in order to secure the required mining permits for Proyecto Riotinto. The judgment, in spite of annulling the AAU on procedural grounds, made very clear that the AAU was correct and therefore, rejected the issues raised by EeA and confirmed the decision of JdA not to suspend the AAU.

The JdA filed for appeal to the Supreme Court. Although the claim was against the JdA, Atalaya, being an interested party in the process, voluntarily joined as co-defendant to ask for permission to appeal to the Supreme Court in Spain.

On 29 March 2019, Atalaya announced the receipt of notification from the Supreme Court in Spain stating that it does not have jurisdiction over the appeal made by the Junta de Andalucía and the Company, which voluntary joined the appeal as con-defendant.

The main legal consequence of the Supreme Court rejection is the ruling of the Junta de Andalucía dated 26 September 2018 is now final and enforceable and the environmental authority must repair the faultiness in the process. The Company is currently in discussions to the Junta de Andalucía to resolve the formal defects identifiedw by the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Andalucía.

The Company continues operating the mine normally as the ruling does not state the operation at Proyecto Riotinto

Astor

· On 1 November 2018, the Company announced that a judgment had been handed down in the Astor Case at the Court of Appeal. The Court of Appeal confirmed the ruling from the High Court made on 6 March 2017, and consequently, the Company recorded a liability for €53 million to be paid from the excess cash generated by Atalaya Riotinto Minera, S.L.U. ("ARM"). As of 31 December 2018, no consideration has been paid.

Alberto Lavandeira, CEO commented:

"These results demonstrate once again that the team at Atalaya delivers. Our second year of production has successfully built on our first, with incremental growth quarter on quarter. We are delighted to have delivered ahead of or in line with expectations across the majority of our core key performance indicators, which has had a positive impact on our financials and bottom line. We have achieved all this while also progressing the expansion of Riotinto, and the rate at which this programme is advancing means that we look forward to 2019 with confidence. Riotinto's additional exploration potential, combined with Proyecto Touro and our ongoing efforts to seek new opportunities, provides the pathway via which management can realise its ambition to grow the company."

About Atalaya Mining Plc

Atalaya is an AIM and TSX-listed mining and development group which produces copper concentrates and silver by-product at its wholly owned Proyecto Riotinto site in southwest Spain. In addition, the Group has a phased, earn-in agreement for up to 80% ownership of Proyecto Touro, a brownfield copper project in the northwest of Spain which is currently in the permitting stage. For further information, visit www.atalayamining.com

This announcement contains information which, prior to its publication constituted inside information for the purposes of Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014.

Contacts:

Consolidated and company statements of comprehensive income

Years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017

The notes on pages 7 to 59 are an integral part of these consolidated and Company financial statements.

Consolidated and company statements of financial position

As at 31 December 2018 and 2017

The notes on pages 7 to 59 are an integral part of these consolidated and company financial statements.

The consolidated and company financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 3 April and were signed on its behalf.

Consolidated statements of changes in equity

Years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017

(1) Refer to Note 24

(2) The share premium reserve is not available for distribution.

The notes on pages 7 to 59 are an integral part of these consolidated and company financial statements.

Company statements of changes in equity

Years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017

(1) Refer to Note 24

(2) The share premium reserve is not available for distribution.

Companies which do not distribute 70% of their profits after tax, as defined by the relevant tax law, within two years after the end of the relevant tax year, will be deemed to have distributed as dividends 70% of these profits. Special contribution for defence at 17% will be payable on such deemed dividends to the extent that the ultimate shareholders are both Cyprus tax resident and Cyprus domiciled. The amount of deemed distribution is reduced by any actual dividends paid out of the profits of the relevant year at any time. This special contribution for defence is payable by the Company for the account of the shareholders.

The notes on pages 7 to 59 are an integral part of these consolidated and company financial statements.

Consolidated statements of cash flow

Years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017

The notes on pages 7 to 59 are an integral part of these consolidated and company financial statements.

Consolidated statements of cash flow

Years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017

The notes on pages 7 to 59 are an integral part of these consolidated and company financial statements

Notes to the consolidated and company financial statements

Years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017

1. Incorporation and summary of business

Country of incorporation

Atalaya Mining Plc (the "Company") was incorporated in Cyprus on 17 September 2004 as a private company with limited liability under the Companies Law, Cap. 113 and was converted to a public limited liability company on 26 January 2005. Its registered office is at 1 Lampousa Street, Nicosia, Cyprus.

The Company was listed on AIM of the London Stock Exchange in May 2005 under the symbol ATYM and on the TSX on 20 December 2010 under the symbol AYM. The Company continued to be listed on AIM and the TSX as at 31 December 2018.

Additional information about Atalaya Mining Plc is available at www.atalayamining.com as per requirement of AIM rule 26.

Changed on name and share consolidation

Following the Company's EGM on 13 October 2015, the change of the name EMED Mining Public Limited to Atalaya Mining Plc became effective on 21 October 2015. On the same day, the consolidation of ordinary shares came into effect, whereby all shareholders received one new ordinary share of nominal value £0.075 for every 30 existing ordinary shares of nominal value of £0.0025.

Principal activities

The Company owns and operates through a wholly-owned subsidiary, "The Riotinto Project", an open-pit copper mine located in the Pyritic belt, in the Andalusia region of Spain, approximately 65 km northwest of Seville.

In addition, the Company has a phased earn-in agreement up to 80% ownership of "The Touro Project", a brownfield copper project in northwest Spain, which is currently at the permitting stage.

The Company's and its subsidiaries' activity is to explore for and develop metals production operations in Europe, with an initial focus on copper.

The strategy is to evaluate and prioritise metal production opportunities in several jurisdictions throughout the well-known belts of base and precious metal mineralisation in Spain and the Eastern European region.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated and company financial statements (hereinafter "financial statements") are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

2.1 Basis of preparation

(a) Overview

The financial statements of Atalaya Mining Plc have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). IFRS comprise the standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and IFRS Interpretations Committee ("IFRICs") as issued by the IASB.

Additionally, the financial statements have also been prepared in accordance with the IFRS as adopted by the European Union and the requirements of the Cyprus Companies Law, Cap.113. For the year ending 31 December 2018, the standards applicable for IFRS's as adopted by the EU are aligned with the IFRS's as issued by the IASB.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the revaluation of certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, as explained below.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.4.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

(b) Going concern

These financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles applicable to a going concern which assumes that the Group and the Company will realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. Management has carried out an assessment of the going concern assumption and has concluded that the Group and the Company will generate sufficient cash and cash equivalents to continue operating for the next twelve months.

2.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures

2.2.1 New and amended standards and interpretations

During the current year the Group and the Company adopted all the new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that are relevant to its operations and are effective for accounting periods beginning on 1 January 2018.

The Group and the Company applied IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 for the first time from 1 January 2018. The nature and effect of the changes as a result of adoption of these new accounting standards are described below.

Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in 2018, but do not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group. The Group has not early adopted any standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued but are not yet effective.

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments addresses the classification, measurement, and derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, introduces new rules for hedge accounting and a new impairment model for financial assets.

Based on the assessment performed, the new guidance has the following impacts on the classification and measurement of its financial instruments.

- Classification and measurement of the embedded derivatives arising from sales: The financial assets and liabilities arising from the revaluation of provisional priced contracts were previously disclosed separately in the balance sheet as part of "Other financial assets/liabilities". Under IFRS 9, the embedded derivative is no longer separated from the host contract and therefore the revaluation of provisionally priced contract is disclosed within the receivable of the host contract in "Trade and other receivables" and classified as fair value through profit and loss. An embedded derivative will often make a financial asset fail the SPPI test thereby requiring the instrument to be measured at fair value through profit or loss in its entirety. This is applicable to the Group's trade receivables (subject to provisional pricing). No significant impact on measurement on transition to IFRS 9.

- Classification and measurement of the Parent Company participative loan: The Participative loan was previously classified at amortised cost. Under IFRS 9 the classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset's contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company's business model for managing them. In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are 'solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)' on the principal amount outstanding. The Participative loan is now classified as fair value through profit and loss. No significant impact on measurement on transition to IFRS 9.

- Financial assets at fair value through Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI"): The equity instruments that were classified as available-for-sale financial assets satisfy the conditions for classification as at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and therefore there is no impact in classification. Gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are not recycled to the income statement.

Furthermore, under IFRS 9 there is no exception to carry investments in entities at costs less any recognised impairment and therefore, fair value will need to be calculated. There are no other significant changes to the accounting treatment of these assets.

- Impairment: The new impairment model requires the recognition of impairment provisions based on expected credit losses (ECL) rather than only incurred credit losses as is the case under IAS 39. The Group applies the simplified approach and records lifetime expected losses on all trade receivables. However, given the short term nature of the Group's receivables, there is not a significant impact in the financial statements.

For the Parent Company, current and non-current receivables (except for non-current assets at fair value through profit and loss) are stated at amortised cost. A provision for impairment of receivables is established using the expected credit loss impairment model according IFRS 9.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (cont.)

2.2.1 New and amended standards and interpretations (cont.)

The amount of the provision is the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount and this difference is recognised in the income statement.

- Disclosures: The standard introduces expanded disclosure requirements and changes in presentation included in this report. The Group also assessed other changes introduced by IFRS 9 that have no impact

- on the financial statements as explained below:

- There is no impact on the accounting for financial liabilities, as the new requirements of IFRS 9 only affect the accounting for financial liabilities that are designated at fair value through profit or loss and the Group does not have any such liabilities.

- No impacts in relation to derecognition of financial instruments as the same rules have been transferred from IAS39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The IASB has issued a new standard for the recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers. The new revenue standard supersedes all current revenue recognition requirements under IFRS.

The new standard is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer. The Group evaluates recognition and measurement of revenue based on the five-step model in IFRS 15 and has not identified significant financial impacts, hence no adjustments were recorded derived from the adoption of IFRS 15 other than certain reclassifications as explained below.

The Group adopted the new standard from 1 January 2018 applying the simplified transition method and modified retrospective approach. Certain disclosures changed as a result of the requirements of IFRS 15.

The key issues identified, and the Group's views and perspective are set below:

The revaluation of provisionally priced contracts is recorded as an adjustment to revenue. IFRS 15 does not change the assessment of the provisional price adjustment, but they are not considered within the scope of IFRS 15, and consequently have to be disclosed separately (refer to Note 5).

Impact of shipping terms: The group sells a very small portion of its products on CIF Incoterms and therefore the Group is responsible for shipping services after the date at which control of the copper passes to the customer. Under IAS 18, these shipping services were not considered to be part of the revenue transaction and thus the Group disclosed them as selling expenses. However, under IFRS 15, the Group reclassified the portion of these selling expenses relating to transport of copper from the Group's production plants to the ports and to the customers, and reclassify those costs to cost of sales. The shipping services reclassified for the period ending 31 December 2018 amounted to €1.0 million. The Group assessed the amount of costs related to shipping services which are considered a separate performance obligation under IFRS 15 and therefore, a portion of the revenue currently recognised when the title has passed to the customer will need to be deferred and recognised as the shipping services are subsequently provided. Under IFRS 15 the costs related to shipping services are considered a separate performance obligation and therefore they should be deferred and recognised as the shipping services are subsequently provided. Based on the Group's assessment, the shipping services being provided at the beginning and end of the reporting period are immaterial and therefore these have not been deferred. The total shipping services recognised during the year as a separate performance obligation under IFRS 15 amounts to €1.0 million and have been disclosed in Note 5.

IFRS 2: Classification and Measurement of Share based Payment Transactions (Amendments)

The Amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018 with earlier application permitted. The Amendments provide requirements on the accounting for the effects of vesting and non-vesting conditions on the measurement of cash-settled share-based payments, for share-based payment transactions with a net settlement feature for withholding tax obligations and for modifications to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment that changes the classification of the transaction from cash-settled to equity-settled. As the Company does not have cash settled awards, the amendments to IFRS 2 do not impact the Consolidated and Company's financial statements

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (cont.)

2.2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective

The new and amended standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the financial statements are disclosed below. Some of them were adopted by the European Union and others not yet. The Group and the Company intend to adopt these new and amended standards and interpretations, if applicable, when they become effective.

IFRS 16 - Leases

The new standard on leases that replaces IAS 17, IFRIC 4, SIC-15 and SIC-27. Under the provisions of the standard most leases, including the majority of those previously classified as operating leases, will be brought onto the statement of financial position, as both a right-of-use asset and a largely offsetting lease liability. The right-of-use asset and lease liability are both based on the present value of lease payments due over the term of the lease, with the asset being depreciated in accordance with IAS 16 'Property, Plant and Equipment' and the liability increased for the accretion of interest and reduced by lease payments.

Atalaya has completed an initial assessment of the potential impact of IFRS 16 on its consolidated financial statements but has not yet completed its detailed assessment. The actual impact of applying IFRS 16 on the consolidated financial statements in the period of initial application will depend on future economic conditions, including the Group´s borrowing rate at 1 January 2019, the composition of Atalaya´s borrowing rate at 1 January 2019, the composition of Atalaya´s portfolio at that date, its latest assessment of whether it will exercise any lease renewal options, and the extent to which Atalaya chooses to use practical expedients and recognition exemptions. The directors continue to consider the potential effects on the Group's financial statements and do not currently expect that there will be a material impact, given the current market and internal conditions.

IFRS 9: Prepayment features with negative compensation (Amendment)

These Amendments should be applied retrospectively and are effective from 1 January 2019, with earlier application permitted, These Amendments have no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group..

Amendment in IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures: Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture.

The amendments address an acknowledged inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and those in IAS 28, in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. The main consequence of the amendments is that a full gain or loss is recognized when a transaction involves a business (whether it is housed in a subsidiary or not). A partial gain or loss is recognized when a transaction involves assets that do not constitute a business, even if these assets are housed in a subsidiary. In December 2015 the IASB postponed the effective date of this amendment indefinitely, but an entity that early adopts the amendments must apply them prospectively. The Group will apply these amendments when they become effective.

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts

In May 2017, the IASB issued IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17), a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. Once effective, IFRS 17 will replace IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 4) that was issued in 2005. IFRS 17 applies to all types of insurance contracts (i.e., life, non-life, direct insurance and re-insurance), regardless of the type of entities that issue them, as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments with discretionary participation features. A few scope exceptions will apply. The overall objective of IFRS 17 is to provide an accounting model for insurance contracts that is more useful and consistent for insurers. In contrast to the requirements in IFRS 4, which are largely based on grandfathering previous local accounting policies, IFRS 17 provides a comprehensive model for insurance contracts, covering all relevant accounting aspects. The core of IFRS 17 is the general model, supplemented by:

• A specific adaptation for contracts with direct participation features (the variable fee approach)

• A simplified approach (the premium allocation approach) mainly for short-duration contracts

IFRS 17 is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021, with comparative figures required. Early application is permitted, provided the entity also applies IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 on or before the date it first applies IFRS 17. This standard is not applicable to the Group.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (cont.)

2.2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective (cont.)

The IASB has issued the Annual Improvements to IFRSs 2015 - 2017 Cycle, which is a collection of amendments to IFRSs.

The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019 with earlier application permitted. These annual improvements have not yet been endorsed by the EU. Management is currently evaluating the effect of these standards or interpretations on its financial statements.

(i) IFRS 3 Business Combinations and IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements: The amendments to IFRS 3 clarify that when an entity obtains control of a business that is a joint operation, it remeasures previously held interests in that business. The amendments to IFRS 11 clarify that when an entity obtains joint control of a business that is a joint operation, the entity does not remeasure previously held interests in that business.

(ii) IAS 12 Income Taxes: The amendments clarify that the income tax consequences of payments on financial instruments classified as equity should be recognized according to where the past transactions or events that generated distributable profits has been recognized. The standard has been endorsed by EU. The adoption of these amendments are effective for accounting periods beginning on 1 January 2019. The Group has assessed that these amendments have no material effect on the Group and the Company financial statements.

Amendments to IAS 19: Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement

The amendments to IAS 19 address the accounting when a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement occurs during a reporting period. The amendments specify that when a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement occurs during the annual reporting period, an entity is required to:

• Determine current service cost for the remainder of the period after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement, using the actuarial assumptions used to remeasure the net defined benefit liability (asset) reflecting the benefits offered under the plan and the plan assets after that event.

• Determine net interest for the remainder of the period after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement using: the net defined benefit liability (asset) reflecting the benefits offered under the plan and the plan assets after that event; and the discount rate used to remeasure that net defined benefit liability (asset).

The amendments also clarify that an entity first determines any past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, without considering the effect of the asset ceiling. This amount is recognised in profit or loss. An entity then determines the effect of the asset ceiling after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement. Any change in that effect, excluding amounts included in the net interest, is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The amendments apply to plan amendments, curtailments, or settlements occurring on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period that begins on or after 1 January 2019, with early application permitted. These amendments will apply only to any future plan amendments, curtailments, or settlements of the Group.

Amendments to IAS 28: Long-term interests in associates and joint ventures

The amendments clarify that an entity applies IFRS 9 to long-term interests in an associate or joint venture to which the equity method is not applied but that, in substance, form part of the net investment in the associate or joint venture (long-term interests). This clarification is relevant because it implies that the expected credit loss model in IFRS 9 applies to such long-term interests.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.2 Changes in accounting policy and disclosures (cont.)

2.2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective (cont.)

The amendments also clarified that, in applying IFRS 9, an entity does not take account of any losses of the associate or joint venture, or any impairment losses on the net investment, recognised as adjustments to the net investment in the associate or joint venture that arise from applying IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures. The amendments should be applied retrospectively and are effective from 1 January 2019, with early application permitted. Management is currently evaluating the effect of these standards or interpretations on its financial statements.

IFRIC INTERPETATION 23: Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

The Interpretation is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019 with earlier application permitted. The Interpretation addresses the accounting for income taxes when tax treatments involve uncertainty that affects the application of IAS 12. The Interpretation provides guidance on considering uncertain tax treatments separately or together, examination by tax authorities, the appropriate method to reflect uncertainty and accounting for changes in facts and circumstances. This Interpretation has not yet been endorsed by the EU. Management is currently evaluating the effect of these standards or interpretations on its financial statements.

IFRS 3: Business Combinations (amendments)

The IASB issued amendments in Definition of a Business (amendments to IFRS 3) aimed at resolving the difficulties that arise when an entity determines whether it has acquired a business or a group of assets. These amendments are effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is in the first annual reporting period beginning on or after 1 January 2020 and to asset acquisitions that occur on or after the beginning of that period, with earlier application permitted. The Group does not expect these amendments to have a material impact on its results and financial position.

IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors: Definition of 'material' (amendments)

The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020 with earlier application permitted. They clarify the definition of material and how it should be applied. The new definition states that, 'Information is material if omitting, misstating or obscuring it could reasonably be expected to influence decisions that the primary users of general purpose financial statements make on the basis of those financial statements, which provide financial information about a specific reporting entity'. In addition, the explanations accompanying the definition have been improved. The amendments also ensure that the definition of material is consistent across all IFRS Standards. The Group and Company does not expect these amendments to have a material impact on its results and financial position.

Conceptual Framework in IFRS standards

The IASB issued the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting on 29 March 2018. The Conceptual Framework sets out a comprehensive set of concepts for financial reporting, standard setting, guidance for preparers in developing consistent accounting policies and assistance to others in their efforts to understand and interpret the standards. IASB also issued a separate accompanying document, Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards, which sets out the amendments to affected standards in order to update references to the revised Conceptual Framework. Its objective is to support transition to the revised Conceptual Framework for companies that develop accounting policies using the Conceptual Framework when no IFRS Standard applies to a particular transaction. For preparers who develop accounting policies based on the Conceptual Framework, it is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020. The Group and Company does not expect this framework to have a material impact on its results and financial position.

2.3 Consolidation

(a) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of Atalaya Mining Plc and its subsidiaries.

(b) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities (including special purpose entities) over which the Group and the Company has control. Control exists when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns for its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity. The Group also assesses existence of control where it does not have more than 50% of the voting power but is able to govern the financial and operating policies by virtue of de-facto control.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.3 Consolidation (cont.)

De-facto control may arise in circumstances where the size of the Group's voting rights relative to the size and dispersion of holdings of other shareholders give the Group the power to govern the financial and operating policies, etc.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.

The only operating subsidiary of Atalaya Mining Plc is the 100% owned Atalaya Riotionto Minera, S.L.U. which operates "Proyecto Minero Riotinto", in the historical site of Huelva, Spain.

The name and shareholding of the entities include in the Group in these financial statements are:

Notes

(1) Cobre San Rafael, S.L. is the entity which holds the mining rights of the Touro Project. The Group has control in the management of Cobre San Rafael, S.L., including one of the two directors, management of the financial books and the capacity to appoint the key personnel. Refer to Note 30 for details on the acquisition of Cobre San Rafael, S.L.

(2) The effective proportion of shares held as at 31 December 2018 and 2017 remained unchanged.

The Group applied the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair value of the transferred assets, liabilities incurred by the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired, liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at fair value at the acquisition date. The Group recognised any non-controlling interest in the acquiree on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest's proportionated share of the recognised amounts of acquiree's identifiable net assets.

(c) Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date; any gains or losses arising from such re-measurement are recognised in profit or loss.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the Group is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration that is deemed to be an asset or liability is recognised in accordance with IFRS 9 in profit or loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.

Inter-company transactions, balances, income and expenses on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Profits and losses resulting from intercompany transactions that are recognised in assets are also eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.3 Consolidation (cont.)

(d) Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries without change of control

Transactions with non-controlling interests that do not result in loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions - that is, as transactions with the owners in their capacity as owners. The difference between fair value of any consideration paid and the relevant share acquired of the carrying value of net assets of the subsidiary is recorded in equity. Gains or losses on disposals to non-controlling interests are also recorded in equity.

(e) Disposal of subsidiaries

When the Group ceases to have control any retained interest in the entity is re-measured to its fair value at the date when control is lost, with the change in carrying amount recognised in profit or loss. The fair value is the initial carrying amount for the purposes of subsequently accounting for the retained interest as an associate, joint venture or financial asset. In addition, any amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in respect of that entity are accounted for as if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. This may mean that amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss.

(f) Associates and joint ventures

An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee (generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights), but is not control or joint control over those policies.

A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

Investments in associates or joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recognised at cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor's share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Group's investment in associates or joint ventures includes goodwill identified on acquisition.

If the ownership interest in an associate or joint venture is reduced but significant influence is retained, only a proportionate share of the amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss where appropriate.

The Group's share of post-acquisition profit or loss is recognised in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements in other comprehensive income is recognised in other comprehensive income, with a corresponding adjustment to the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group share of losses in an associate or a joint venture equals or exceeds its interest in the associate or joint venture, including any other unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless it has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or the joint venture.

The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate or the joint venture is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate or the joint venture and its carrying value and recognises the amount adjacent to 'share of profit/(loss) of associates' or joint ventures' in the income statement.

Profits and losses resulting from upstream and downstream transactions between the Group and its associate or joint venture are recognised in the Group's consolidated financial statements only to the extent of unrelated investors' interests in the associates or the joint ventures. Unrealised losses are eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Dilution gains and losses arising in investments in associates or joint ventures are recognised in the income statement.

(g) Functional currency

Functional and presentation currency items included in the financial statements of each of the Group's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates ('the functional currency'). The financial statements are presented in Euro which is the Group and the Company functional and presentation currency.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.3 Consolidation (cont.)

Determination of functional currency may involve certain judgements to determine the primary economic environment and the parent entity reconsiders the functional currency of its entities if there is a change in events and conditions which determined the primary economic environment.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognised in the income statement.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at year-end spot exchange rates.

Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.

Gains or losses of monetary and non-monetary items are recognised in the income statement.

Balance sheet items are translated at period-end exchange rates. Exchange differences on translation of the net assets of such entities are taken to equity and recorded in a separate currency translation reserve.

2.4 Investments in subsidiary companies

Investments in subsidiary companies are stated at cost less provision for impairment in value, which is recognised as an expense in the period in which the impairment is identified.

2.5 Interest in joint arrangements

A joint arrangement is a contractual arrangement whereby the Group and other parties undertake an economic activity that is subject to joint control that is when the strategic, financial and operating policy decisions relating to the activities the joint arrangement require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

Where a Group entity undertakes its activities under joint arrangements directly, the Group's share of jointly controlled assets and any liabilities incurred jointly with other ventures are recognised in the financial statements of the relevant entity and classified according to their nature. Liabilities and expenses incurred directly in respect of interests in jointly controlled assets are accounted for on an accrual basis. Income from the sale or use of the Group's share of the output of jointly controlled assets, and its share of joint arrangement expenses, are recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transactions will flow to/from the Group and their amount can be measured reliably.

The Group undertakes joint arrangements that involve the establishment of a separate entity in which each acquiree has an interest (jointly controlled entity). The Group reports its interests in jointly controlled entities using the equity method of accounting.

Where the Group transacts with its jointly controlled entities, unrealised profits and losses are eliminated to the extent of the Group's interest in the joint arrangement.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.6 Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the CEO who makes strategic decisions.

The Group has only one distinct business segment, being that of mining operations, mineral exploration and development.

2.7 Inventory

Inventory consists in copper concentrates, ore stockpiles and metal in circuit and spare parts. Inventory is physically measured or estimated and valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated future sales price of the product the entity expects to realise when the product is processed and sold, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. Where the time value of money is material, these future prices and costs to complete are discounted.

Cost is determined by using the FIFO method and comprises direct purchase costs and an appropriate portion of fixed and variable overhead costs, including depreciation and amortisation, incurred in converting materials into finished goods, based on the normal production capacity. The cost of production is allocated to joint products using a ratio of spot prices by volume at each month end. Separately identifiable costs of conversion of each metal are specifically allocated.

Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Any provision for obsolescence is determined by reference to specific items of stock. A regular review is undertaken to determine the extent of any provision for obsolescence.

2.8 Assets under construction

All subsequent expenditure on the construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities including mine plants and other necessary works for mining, are capitalised in "Assets under construction". Any costs incurred in testing the assets to determine if they are functioning as intended, are capitalised, net of any proceeds received from selling any product produced while testing. Where these proceeds exceed the cost of testing, any excess is recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. After production starts, all assets included in "Assets under construction" are then transferred to the relevant asset categories.

Once a project has been established as commercially viable, related development expenditure is capitalised. A development decision is made based upon consideration of project economics, including future metal prices, reserves and resources, and estimated operating and capital costs. Capitalization of costs incurred and proceeds received during the development phase ceases when the property is capable of operating at levels intended by management.

Capitalisation ceases when the mine is capable of commercial production, with the exception of development costs which give rise to a future benefit.

Pre-commissioning sales are offset against the cost of constructing the asset. No depreciation is recorded until the assets are substantially complete and ready for productive use.

2.9 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are included in the assets' carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated to their estimated residual value over the estimated useful life of the specific asset concerned, or the estimated remaining life of the associated mine ("LOM"), field or lease. Depreciation commences when the asset is available for use.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.9 Property, plant and equipment (cont.)

The major categories of property, plant and equipment are depreciated/amortised on a Unit of Production ("UOP") and/or straight-line basis as follows:

The assets' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within "Other (losses)/gains - net" in the income statement.

(a) Mineral rights

Mineral reserves and resources which can be reasonably valued are recognised in the assessment of fair values on acquisition. Mineral rights for which values cannot be reasonably determined are not recognised. Exploitable mineral rights are amortised using the UOP basis over the commercially recoverable reserves and, in certain circumstances, other mineral resources. Mineral resources are included in amortisation calculations where there is a high degree of confidence that they will be extracted in an economic manner.

(b) Deferred mining costs - stripping costs

Mainly comprises of certain capitalised costs related to pre-production and in-production stripping activities as outlined below.

Stripping costs incurred in the development phase of a mine (or pit) before production commences are capitalised as part of the cost of constructing the mine (or pit) and subsequently amortised over the life of the mine (or pit) on a UOP basis.

In-production stripping costs related to accessing an identifiable component of the ore body to realise benefits in the form of improved access to ore to be mined in the future (stripping activity asset), are capitalised within deferred mining costs provided all the following conditions are met:

i. it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the stripping activity will be realised;

ii. the component of the ore body for which access has been improved can be identified; and

iii. the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with the improved access can be reliably measured.

If all of the criteria are not met, the production stripping costs are charged to the consolidated statement of income as they are incurred.

The stripping activity asset is initially measured at cost, which is the accumulation of costs directly incurred to perform the stripping activity that improves access to the identified component of ore, plus an allocation of directly attributable overhead costs.

(c) Exploration costs

Under the Group's accounting policy, exploration expenditure is not capitalised until the management determines a property will be developed and point is reached at which there is a high degree of confidence in the project's viability and it is considered probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Group. A development decision is made based upon consideration of project economics, including future metal prices, reserves and resources, and estimated operating and capital costs.

Subsequent recovery of the resulting carrying value depends on successful development or sale of the undeveloped project. If a project does not prove viable, all irrecoverable costs associated with the project net of any related impairment provisions are written off.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.9 Property, plant and equipment (cont.)

(d) Major maintenance and repairs

Expenditure on major maintenance refits or repairs comprises the cost of replacement assets or parts of assets and overhaul costs. Where an asset, or part of an asset, that was separately depreciated and is now written off is replaced, and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group through an extended life, the expenditure is capitalised.

Where part of the asset was not separately considered as a component and therefore not depreciated separately, the replacement value is used to estimate the carrying amount of the replaced asset(s) which is immediately written off. All other day-to-day maintenance and repairs costs are expensed as incurred.

(e) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale (a qualifying asset) are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset. Where funds are borrowed specifically to finance a project, the amount capitalised represents the actual borrowing costs incurred.

(f) Restoration, rehabilitation and decommissioning

Restoration, rehabilitation and decommissioning costs arising from the installation of plant and other site preparation work, discounted using a risk adjusted discount rate to their net present value, are provided for and capitalised at the time such an obligation arises.

The costs are charged to the consolidated statement of income over the life of the operation through depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. Costs for restoration of subsequent site disturbance, which are created on an ongoing basis during production, are provided for at their net present values and charged to the consolidated statement of income as extraction progresses.

Changes in the estimated timing of the rehabilitation or changes to the estimated future costs are accounted for prospectively by recognising an adjustment to the rehabilitation liability and a corresponding adjustment to the asset to which it relates, provided the reduction in the provision is not greater than the depreciated capitalised cost of the related asset, in which case the capitalised cost is reduced to nil and the remaining adjustment recognised in the consolidated statement of income. In the case of closed sites, changes to estimated costs are recognised immediately in the consolidated statement of income.

2.10 Intangible assets

(a) Business combination and goodwill

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the acquired interest in net fair value of the net identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree and the fair value of the non-controlling interest in the acquiree.

The results of businesses acquired during the year are brought into the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of acquisition. The identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of a business which can be measured reliably are recorded at their provisional fair values at the date of acquisition. Provisional fair values are finalised within 12 months of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill impairment reviews are undertaken annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The carrying value of goodwill is compared to the recoverable amount, which is the higher of value in use and the fair value less costs to sell. Any impairment is recognised immediately as an expense and is not subsequently reversed.

(b) Permits

Permits are capitalised as intangible assets which relate to projects that are at the pre-development stage. No amortisation charge is recognised in respect of these intangible assets. Once the Group receives those permits, the intangible assets relating to permits will be depreciated on a UOP basis.

Other intangible assets include computer software.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.10 Intangible assets (cont.)

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation (calculated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives) and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over their useful economic lives and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income when the asset is derecognised.

2.11 Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that have an indefinite useful life - for example, goodwill or intangible assets not ready to use - are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

2.12 Financial assets and liabilities

2.12.1 Classification

From 1 January 2018, the Group classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

• those to be measured at amortised cost.

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value through OCI, and.

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss.

The classification depends on the Group's business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset's contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group's and the Company's business model for managing them. In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are 'solely payments of principal and interest' ('SPPI') on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.

For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or OCI. For investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading, this will depend on whether the group has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI).

The Group reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on trade-date, the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.

At initial recognition, the Group measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit or loss.

Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.12 Financial assets and liabilities (cont.)

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Group's business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Group classifies its debt instruments:

2.12.2 Amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in profit or loss and presented in other gains/(losses) together with foreign exchange gains and losses.

Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the statement of profit or loss.

The Group's financial assets at amortised cost include receivables (other than trade receivables which are measured at fair value through profit and loss) and cash and cash equivalents.

The Company´s financial assets at amortised cost include current and non-current receivables (other than trade receivables which are measured at fair value through profit and loss) and cash and cash equivalents.

2.12.3 Fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets which are debt instruments, that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in profit or loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and recognised in other gains/(losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in other gains/(losses) and impairment expenses are presented as separate line item in the statement of profit or loss.

At transition to IFRS 9, the Group had certain financial asset that were accounted for as debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income; however, at the reporting date, no such assets existed.

2.12.4 Equity instruments designated as fair value through other comprehensive income

Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other income in the statement of profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

The Group elected to classify irrevocably its listed equity investments under this category.

2.12.5 Fair value through profit or loss

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at FVPL. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at FVPL is recognised in profit or loss and presented net within other gains/(losses) in the period in which it arises.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at FVPL are recognised in other gains/(losses) in the statement of profit or loss as applicable. 

2.12.6 De-recognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

2.12.7 Impairment of financial assets

From 1 January 2018, the Group assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its debt instruments carried at amortised cost and FVOCI. Expected credit losses are based on the difference

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.12 Financial assets and liabilities (cont.)

between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

For receivables (other than trade receivables which are measured at FVPL), the Group applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

2.12.8 Hedge accounting

The Group does not apply hedge accounting

2.13 Current versus non-current classification

The Group presents assets and liabilities in statement of financial position based on current/non-current classification.

(a) An asset is current when it is either:

· Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

· Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

· Expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period

Or

· Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period

All other assets are classified as non-current.

(b) A liability is current when either:

· It is expected to be settled in the normal operating cycle;

· It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

· It is due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting period

Or

· There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period

The Group classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

2.14 Cash and cash equivalents

In the consolidated and company statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand and in bank including deposits held at call with banks, with a maturity of less than 3 months.

2.15 Provisions

Provisions for environmental restoration, restructuring costs and legal claims are recognised when: the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

2.16 Interest-bearing loans and borrowings

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently 

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.16 Interest-bearing loans and borrowings (cont.)

stated at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings, using the effective interest method, unless they are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, in which case they are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset.

Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw-down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowing costs are interest and other costs that the Group incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds, including interest on borrowings, amortisation of discounts or premium relating to borrowings, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings, finance lease charges and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs.

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset, being an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale, are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset, when it is probable that they will result in future economic benefits to the Group and the costs can be measured reliably.

Financial liabilities and trade payables

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings and trade and other payables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income when the liabilities are derecognised, as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

2.17 Deferred consideration

Deferred consideration arises when settlement of all or any part of the cost of an agreement is deferred. It is stated at fair value at the date of recognition, which is determined by discounting the amount due to present value at that date. Interest is imputed on the fair value of non-interest bearing deferred consideration at the discount rate and expensed within interest pay able and similar charges. At each balance sheet date deferred consideration comprises the remaining deferred consideration valued at acquisition plus interest imputed on such amounts from recognition to the balance sheet date.

2.18 Share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. The difference between the fair value of the consideration received by the Company and the nominal value of the share capital being issued is taken to the share premium account.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new ordinary shares are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds in the share premium account.

2.19 Current and deferred income tax

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period date in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. However,

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.19 Current and deferred income tax (cont.)

deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred income tax is also not recognised if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss. Income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period date and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, except for deferred income tax liabilities where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

2.20 Share-based payments

The Group operates a share-based compensation plan, under which the entity receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments (options) of the Group. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense. The fair value is measured using the Black Scholes pricing model. The inputs used in the model are based on management's best estimates for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations. Non-market performance and service conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest.

Vesting conditions are: (i) the personnel should be an employee that provides services to the Group; and (ii) should be in continuous employment for the whole vesting period of 3 years. Specific arrangements may exist with senior managers and board members, whereby their options stay in use until the end.

The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied (Note 24).

2.21 Rehabilitation provisions

The Group records the present value of estimated costs of legal and constructive obligations required to restore operating locations in the period in which the obligation is incurred. The nature of these restoration activities includes dismantling and removing structures, rehabilitating mines and tailings dams, dismantling operating facilities, closure of plant and waste sites and restoration, reclamation and re-vegetation of affected areas. The obligation generally arises when the asset is installed or the ground/environment is disturbed at the production location. When the liability is initially recognised, the present value of the estimated cost is capitalised by increasing the carrying amount of the related mining assets to the extent that it was incurred prior to the production of related ore. Over time, the discounted liability is increased for the change in present value based on the discount rates that reflect current market assessments and the risks specific to the liability. The periodic unwinding of the discount is recognised in the consolidated income statement as a finance cost. Additional disturbances or changes in rehabilitation costs will be recognised as additions or charges to the corresponding assets and rehabilitation liability when they occur. For closed sites, changes to estimated costs are recognised immediately in the consolidated income statement.

The Group assesses its mine rehabilitation provision annually. Significant estimates and assumptions are made in determining the provision for mine rehabilitation as there are numerous factors that will affect the ultimate liability payable. These factors include estimates of the extent and costs of rehabilitation activities, technological changes, regulatory changes and changes in discount rates. Those uncertainties may result in future actual expenditure differing from the amounts currently provided. The provision at the consolidated statement of financial position date represents management's best estimate of the present value of the future rehabilitation costs required.

2.22 Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at inception date including whether the fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset. A reassessment is made after inception of the lease

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.22 Leases (cont.)

 only if one of the following applies:

a) There is a change in contractual terms, other than a renewal or extension of the arrangement;

b) A renewal option is exercised or extension granted, unless the term of the renewal or extension was initially included in the lease term;

c) There is a change in the determination of whether fulfilment is dependent on a specified asset; or

d) There is a substantial change to the asset.

Group as a lessee

Finance leases which transfer to the Group substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased asset, or if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are reflected in the income statement.

Capitalised leased assets are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2.23 Revenue recognition

(a) Revenue from contracts with customers

Atalaya is principally engaged in the business of producing copper concentrate and in some instances, provides freight/shipping services. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which Atalaya expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Atalaya has concluded that it is the principal in its revenue contracts because it controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

(b) Copper in concentrate (metal in concentrate) sales

For most copper in concentrate (metal in concentrate) sales, the enforceable contract is each purchase order, which is an individual, short-term contract. For the Group's metal in concentrate sales not sold under CIF Incoterms, the performance obligations are the delivery of the concentrate. A proportion of the Group's metal in concentrate sales are sold under CIF Incoterms, whereby the Group is also responsible for providing freight services. In these situations, the freight services also represent separate performance obligation (see paragraph (c) below).

The majority of the Group's sales of metal in concentrate allow for price adjustments based on the market price at the end of the relevant QP stipulated in the contract. These are referred to as provisional pricing arrangements and are such that the selling price for metal in concentrate is based on prevailing spot prices on a specified future date after shipment to the customer. Adjustments to the sales price occur based on movements in quoted market prices up to the end of the QP. The period between provisional invoicing and the end of the QP can be between one and three months.

Revenue is recognised when control passes to the customer, which occurs at a point in time when the metal in concentrate is physically transferred onto a vessel, train, conveyor or other delivery mechanism. The revenue is measured at the amount to which the Group expects to be entitled, being the estimate of the price expected to be received at the end of the QP, i.e., the forward price, and a corresponding trade receivable is recognised. For those arrangements subject to CIF shipping terms, a portion of the transaction price is allocated to the separate freight services provided (See paragraph (c) below).

For these provisional pricing arrangements, any future changes that occur over the QP are embedded within the provisionally priced trade receivables and are, therefore, within the scope of IFRS 9 and not within the scope of IFRS 15. Given the exposure to the commodity price, these provisionally priced trade receivables will fail the cash flow characteristics test within IFRS 9 and will be required to be measured at fair value through profit or loss up from initial recognition and until the date of settlement. These subsequent changes in fair value are recognised as part of revenue in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income each period and disclosed

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.23 Revenue recognition (cont.)

 separately from revenue from contracts with customers as part of 'Fair value gains/losses on provisionally priced trade receivables'. Changes in fair value over, and until the end of, the QP, are estimated by reference to updated forward market prices for copper as well as taking into account relevant other fair value considerations as set out in IFRS 13, including interest rate and credit risk adjustments.

Final settlement is based on quantities adjusted as required following the inspection of the product by the customer as well as applicable commodity prices. IFRS 15 requires that variable consideration should only be recognised to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. As the adjustments relating to the final assay results for the quantity and quality of concentrate sold are not significant, they do not constrain the recognition of revenue.

(c) Freight services

As noted above, a proportion of the Group's metal in concentrate sales are sold under CIF Incoterms, whereby the Group is responsible for providing freight services (as principal) after the date that the Group transfers control of the metal in concentrate to its customers. The Group, therefore, has separate performance obligation for freight services which are provided solely to facilitate sale of the commodities it produces.

The revenue from freight services is a separate performance obligation under IFRS 15 and therefore is recognised as the service is provided, hence at year end a portion of revenue must be deferred.

Other Incoterms commonly used by the Group are FOB, where the Group has no responsibility for freight or insurance once control of the products has passed at the loading port, Ex works where control of the goods passes when the product is picked up at seller´s promises, and CIP where control of the goods passes when the product is delivered to the agreed destination. For arrangements which have these Incoterms, the only performance obligations are the provision of the product at the point where control passes.

(d) Sales of services

The Group sells services in relation to maintenance of accounting records, management, technical, administrative support and other services to other companies. Revenue is recognised in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

Contract assets

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Group performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional. The Group does not have any contract assets as performance and a right to consideration occurs within a short period of time and all rights to consideration are unconditional.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Group has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer. If a customer pays consideration before the Group transfers goods or services to the customer, a contract liability is recognised when the payment is made or the payment is due (whichever is earlier). Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Group performs under the contract.

From time to time, the Group recognises contract liabilities in relation to some metal in concentrate sales which are sold under CIF Incoterms, whereby a portion of the cash may be received from the customer before the freight services are provided.

2.24 Interest income

Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method. When a loan and receivable is impaired, the Group and the Company reduce the carrying amount to its recoverable amount, being the estimated future cash flow discounted at the original effective interest rate of the instrument, and continues unwinding the discount as interest income. Interest income on impaired loan and receivables is recognised using the original effective interest rate.

2.25 Dividend income

Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established.

2.26 Dividend distribution

Dividend distributions to the Company's shareholders are recognised as a liability in the Group's financial

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (cont.)

2.26 Dividend distribution (cont.)

 statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the Company's shareholders. No dividend has been paid by the Company since its incorporation.

2.27 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit for the year by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. The basic and diluted earnings per share are the same as there are no instruments that have a dilutive effect on earnings.

2.28 Amendment of financial statements after issue

The consolidated and company financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 3 April 2019. The Board of Directors has the power to amend the consolidated financial statements after issue.

2.29 Comparatives

Where necessary, comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to changes in presentation in the current year.

3. Financial Risk Management

3.1 Financial risk factors

Risk management is overseen by the AFRC under the Board of Directors. The AFRC oversees the risk management policies employed by the Group to identify, evaluate and hedge financial risks, in close co-operation with the Group's operating units. The Group is exposed to liquidity risk, currency risk, commodity price risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, operational risk, compliance risk and litigation risk arising from the financial instruments it holds. The risk management policies employed by the Group to manage these risks are discussed below:

(a) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that arises when the maturity of assets and liabilities does not match. An unmatched position potentially enhances profitability, but can also increase the risk of losses. The Group has procedures with the object of minimising such losses such as maintaining sufficient cash to meet liabilities when due. Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the Group and aggregated by Group finance. Group finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Group's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs.

The following tables detail the Group's remaining contractual maturity for its financial liabilities. The tables have been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which the Group can be required to pay. The table includes principal cash flows.

THE GROUP

THE COMPANY

(b) Currency risk

Currency risk is the risk that the value of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates.

Currency risk arises when future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the Group's measurement currency. The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures primarily with respect to the US Dollar and the British Pound. The Group's management monitors the exchange rate fluctuations on a continuous basis and acts accordingly. The carrying amounts of the Group's foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the end of the reporting period are as follows:

3. Financial Risk Management (cont.)

3.1 Financial risk factors (cont.)

'(b) Currency risk (cont.)

Sensitivity analysis

A 10% strengthening of the Euro against the following currencies at 31 December 2018 would have increased / (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. For a 10% weakening of the Euro against the relevant currency, there would be an equal and opposite impact on profit or loss and other equity.

(c) Commodity price risk

Commodity price is the risk that the Group's future earnings will be adversely impacted by changes in the market prices of commodities, primarily copper. Management is aware of this impact on its primary revenue stream but knows that there is little it can do to influence the price earned apart from a hedging scheme.

Commodity price hedging is governed by the Group´s policy which allows to limit the exposure to prices. The Group may decide to hedged part of its production during the year.

(d) Credit risk

Credit risk arises when a failure by counterparties to discharge their obligations could reduce the amount of future cash inflows from financial assets on hand at the reporting date. The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk. The Group has policies in place to ensure that sales of products and services are made to customers with an appropriate credit history and monitors on a continuous basis the ageing profile of its receivables. The Group has policies to limit the amount of credit exposure to any financial institution.

Except as detailed in the following table, the carrying amount of financial assets recorded in the financial statements, which is net of impairment losses, represents the maximum credit exposure without taking account of the value of any collateral obtained:

Restricted cash held as at 31 December 2018 is a collateral of a bank guarantee provided to a contractor.

Other than the above, there are no collaterals held in respect of these financial instruments and there are no financial assets that are past due or impaired as at 31 December 2018.

(e) Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. The Group's management monitors the interest rate fluctuations on a continuous basis and acts accordingly.

At the reporting date the interest rate profile of interest‑ bearing financial instruments was:

3. Financial Risk Management (cont.)

3.1 Financial risk factors (cont.)

'(e) Interest rate risk (cont.)

An increase of 100 basis points in interest rates at 31 December 2018 would have increased / (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant. For a decrease of 100 basis points there would be an equal and opposite impact on the profit and other equity.

(f) Operational risk

Operational risk is the risk that derives from the deficiencies relating to the Group's information technology and control systems as well as the risk of human error and natural disasters. The Group's systems are evaluated, maintained and upgraded continuously.

(g) Compliance risk

Compliance risk is the risk of financial loss, including fines and other penalties, which arises from non‑compliance with laws and regulations. The Group has systems in place to mitigate this risk, including seeking advice from external legal and regulatory advisors in each jurisdiction.

(h) Litigation risk

Litigation risk is the risk of financial loss, interruption of the Group's operations or any other undesirable situation that arises from the possibility of non‑execution or violation of legal contracts and consequentially of lawsuits. The risk is restricted through the contracts used by the Group to execute its operations.

3.2 Capital risk management

The Group considers its capital structure to consist of share capital, share premium and share options reserve. The Group's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group issues new shares. The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while maximizing the return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The AFRC reviews the capital structure on a continuing basis.

The Group's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern and to maintain an optimal capital structure so as to maximise shareholder value. In order to maintain or achieve an optimal capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividend payment, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, buy back issued shares, obtain new borrowings or sell assets to reduce borrowings.

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. The gearing ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as provisions plus deferred consideration plus trade and other payables less cash and cash equivalents.

(1) Net debt includes non-current and current liabilities net of cash and cash equivalent.

The decrease in the gearing ratio during FY2018 was mainly due to the profit generated during the year.

3.3 Fair value estimation

The fair values of the Group's financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying amounts at the reporting date.

3. Financial Risk Management (cont.)

3.3 Fair value estimation (cont.)

The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets, such as publicly traded and available‑for‑sale financial assets is based on quoted market prices at the reporting date. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the Group is the current bid price. The appropriate quoted market price for financial liabilities is the current ask price.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses a variety of methods, such as estimated discounted cash flows, and makes assumptions that are based on market conditions existing at the reporting date.

Fair value measurements recognised in the consolidated statement and company statement of financial position

The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value, Grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable.

· Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

· Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

· Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

THE GROUP

THE COMPANY

3.4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on management's experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

In particular, the Group has identified a number of areas where significant judgements, estimates and assumptions are required.

(a) Capitalisation of exploration and evaluation costs

Under the Group's accounting policy, exploration and evaluation expenditure is not capitalised until the point is

3. Financial Risk Management (cont.)

3.4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements (cont.)

 reached at which there is a high degree of confidence in the project's viability and it is considered probable that future economic benefits will flow to the Group. Subsequent recovery of the resulting carrying value depends on successful development or sale of the undeveloped project. If a project does not proven viable, all irrecoverable costs associated with the project net of any related impairment provisions are written off.

(b) Stripping costs

The Group incurs waste removal costs (stripping costs) during the development and production phases of its surface mining operations. Furthermore, during the production phase, stripping costs are incurred in the production of inventory as well as in the creation of future benefits by improving access and mining flexibility in respect of the orebodies to be mined, the latter being referred to as a stripping activity asset. Judgement is required to distinguish between the development and production activities at surface mining operations.

The Group is required to identify the separately identifiable components or phases of the orebodies for each of its surface mining operations. Judgement is required to identify and define these components, and also to determine the expected volumes (tonnes) of waste to be stripped and ore to be mined in each of these components. These assessments may vary between mines because the assessments are undertaken for each individual mine and are based on a combination of information available in the mine plans, specific characteristics of the orebody, the milestones relating to major capital investment decisions and the type and grade of minerals being mined.

Judgement is also required to identify a suitable production measure that can be applied in the calculation and allocation of production stripping costs between inventory and the stripping activity asset. The Group considers the ratio of expected volume of waste to be stripped for an expected volume of ore to be mined for a specific component of the orebody, compared to the current period ratio of actual volume of waste to the volume of ore to be the most suitable measure of production.

These judgements and estimates are used to calculate and allocate the production stripping costs to inventory and/or the stripping activity asset(s). Furthermore, judgements and estimates are also used to apply the units of production method in determining the depreciable lives of the stripping activity asset(s).

(c) Ore reserve and mineral resource estimates

The Group estimates its ore reserves and mineral resources based on information compiled by appropriately qualified persons relating to the geological and technical data on the size, depth, shape and grade of the ore body and suitable production techniques and recovery rates.

Such an analysis requires complex geological judgements to interpret the data. The estimation of recoverable reserves is based upon factors such as estimates of foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, future capital requirements and production costs, along with geological assumptions and judgements made in estimating the size and grade of the ore body.

The Group uses qualified persons (as defined by the Canadian Securities Administrators' National Instrument 43-101) to compile this data. Changes in the judgments surrounding proven and probable reserves may impact as follows:

· The carrying value of exploration and evaluation assets, mine properties, property, plant and equipment, and goodwill may be affected due to changes in estimated future cash flows;

· Depreciation and amortisation charges in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income may change where such charges are determined using the UOP method, or where the useful life of the related assets change;

· Capitalised stripping costs recognised in the statement of financial position as either part of mine properties or inventory or charged to profit or loss may change due to changes in stripping ratios;

· Provisions for rehabilitation and environmental provisions may change where reserve estimate changes affect expectations about when such activities will occur and the associated cost of these activities;

· The recognition and carrying value of deferred income tax assets may change due to changes in the judgements regarding the existence of such assets and in estimates of the likely recovery of such assets.

 (d) Impairment of assets

Events or changes in circumstances can give rise to significant impairment charges or impairment reversals in a particular year. The Group assesses each Cash Generating Unit ("CGU") annually to determine whether any indications of impairment exist. If it was necessary management could contract independent expert to value the assets. Where an indicator of impairment exists, a formal estimate of the recoverable amount is made, which is considered the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and value-in-use. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in net earnings. The Group has determined that each mine location is a CGU.

3. Financial Risk Management (cont.)

3.4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements (cont.)

These assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions such as commodity prices, discount rates, future capital requirements, exploration potential and operating performance. Fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value for mineral assets is generally determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows arising from the continued use of the asset, which includes estimates such as the cost of future expansion plans and eventual disposal, using assumptions that an independent market participant may take into account. Cash flows are discounted at an appropriate discount rate to determine the net present value. For the purpose of calculating the impairment of any asset, management regards an individual mine or works site as a CGU.

Although management has made its best estimate of these factors, it is possible that changes could occur in the near term that could adversely affect management's estimate of the net cash flow to be generated from its projects.

(e) Provisions for decommissioning and site restoration costs

Accounting for restoration provisions requires management to make estimates of the future costs the Group will incur to complete the restoration and remediation work required to comply with existing laws, regulations and agreements in place at each mining operation and any environmental and social principles the Group is in compliance with. The calculation of the present value of these costs also includes assumptions regarding the timing of restoration and remediation work, applicable risk-free interest rate for discounting those future cash outflows, inflation and foreign exchange rates and assumptions relating to probabilities of alternative estimates of future cash outflows.

Management uses its judgement and experience to provide for and (in the case of capitalised decommissioning costs) amortise these estimated costs over the life of the mine. The ultimate cost of decommissioning and timing is uncertain and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors including changes to relevant environmental laws and regulations requirements, the emergence of new restoration techniques or experience at other mine sites. As a result, there could be significant adjustments to the provisions established which would affect future financial results. Refer to Note 27 for further details.

(f) Income tax

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes. There are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Group and Company recognise liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.

Judgement is also required to determine whether deferred tax assets are recognised in the consolidated statements of financial position. Deferred tax assets, including those arising from unutilised tax losses, require the Group to assess the probability that the Group will generate sufficient taxable earnings in future periods, in order to utilise recognised deferred tax assets.

Assumptions about the generation of future taxable profits depend on management's estimates of future cash flows. These estimates of future taxable income are based on forecast cash flows from operations (which are impacted by production and sales volumes, commodity prices, reserves, operating costs, closure and rehabilitation costs, capital expenditure, dividends and other capital management transactions). To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the ability of the Group to realise the net deferred tax assets could be impacted.

In addition, future changes in tax laws in the jurisdictions in which the Group operates could limit the ability of the Group to obtain tax deductions in future periods.

(g) Inventory

Net realisable value tests are performed at each reporting date and represent the estimated future sales price of the product the entity expects to realise when the product is processed and sold, less estimated costs to complete production and bring the product to sale. Where the time value of money is material, these future prices and costs to complete are discounted.

3. Financial Risk Management (cont.)

3.4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements (cont.)

(h) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability arises where a past event has taken place for which the outcome will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain events outside of the control of the Group, or a present obligation exists but is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation.

A provision is made when a loss to the Group is likely to crystallise. The assessment of the existence of a contingency and its likely outcome, particularly if it is considered that a provision might be necessary, involves significant judgment taking all relevant factors into account.

(i) Deferred consideration

As disclosed in Note 28, the Group has recorded a deferred consideration liability in relation to the obligation to pay Astor up to €53.0 million out of excess cash from operations at the Riotinto Project.

In 2018 the discount rate used to value the liability for the deferred consideration was re-assessed to apply a risk free rate as required by IAS 37. The discounted amount, when applying this discount rate, was not considered significant and the Group has measured the liability for the deferred consideration on an undiscounted basis.

The actual timing of any payments to Astor of the consideration involves significant judgment as it depends on certain factors which are out of control of management.

(j) Share-based compensation benefits

Share based compensation benefits are accounted for in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of IFRS 2 "Share-based Payment". As such, share-based compensation expense for equity-settled share-based payments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognised as an expense over the vesting period. The fair value of such share-based awards at the grant date is measured using the Black Scholes pricing model. The inputs used in the model are based on management's best estimates for the effects of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, behavioural considerations and expected volatility. Refer to Note 24

(k) Consolidation of Cobre San Rafael

Cobre San Rafael, S.L. is the entity which holds the mining rights of Proyecto Touro. The Group has a significant influence in the management of the Cobre San Rafael, S.L., including one of the two directors, management of the financial books and the capacity to appoint the key personnel.

(l) Classification of financial assets

The Group and Company exercises judgement upon determining the classification of its financial assets upon considering whether contractual features including interest rate could significantly affect future cash flows. Furthermore, judgment is required when assessing whether compensation paid or received on early termination of lending arrangements results in cash flows that are not SPPI.

4. Business and geographical segments

Business segments

The Group has only one distinct business segment, being that of mining operations, which include mineral exploration and development.

Copper concentrates produced by the Group are sold to three offtakers as per the relevant offtake agreement (Note 31.2)

4. Business and geographical segments (cont.)

Geographical segments

The Group's mining activities are located in Spain. The commercialisation of the copper concentrates produced in Spain is carried out through Cyprus. Sales transactions to related parties are on arm's length basis in a similar manner to transaction with third parties. Accounting policies used by the Group in different locations are the same as those contained in Note 2.