RE: The Avantgarde Group Spa27 Aug 2025 13:11
Now let’s not be forgetting about this important title.
Art. 121
Preresistions of judicial liquidation
Text on the front
1. The provisions on judicial winding-up shall apply to commercial entrepreneurs who do not demonstrate joint possession of the requirements referred to in Article 2, paragraph 1, letter d), and who are in a state of insolvency.
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(1) Article 28, paragraph 1 of Legislative Decree 13 September 2024, no. 136, has replaced the heading of Title V with the following: "Judicial liquidation and controlled liquidation". The amendment came into force on September 28, 2024. Unless otherwise provided, the aforementioned legislative decree applies to negotiated compositions, certified remediation plans, proceedings instituted pursuant to Article 40 of Legislative Decree No. 14 of 2019, to instruments for regulating the crisis and insolvency, judicial liquidation procedures, controlled liquidation and administrative compulsory liquidation as well as debt-out procedures referred to in the same Legislative Decree no. 14 of 2019 and extraordinary administration procedures pending on the date of its entry into force and those established or opened subsequently.
Explanatory report
The first rule of Title V concerns the "judicial liquidation", namely the procedure that replaces the bankruptcy and aims to liquidate the assets of the insolvent entrepreneur, dividing the proceeds in favor of the creditors on the basis of the graduation of their claims. The definition of the procedure starts from the assumption that bankruptcy has lost over the years its connotation as an instrument essentially aimed at expelling the insolvent entrepreneur from the market, also burdened by the mark of the culpable inability to properly manage business. The failure of entrepreneurial activity is therefore not evaluated as the exclusive consequence of guilty ineptitude or fraudulent activities, but as a possible event that can affect an activity intrinsically connoted by economic risk. Consistent with this approach, not only was the exclusion of any sanction automatically confirmed resulting from the decoction, but the title of the procedure was also modified, in consideration of the dating stigma linked to the qualification of bankrupt.
Art. 121 delimits the scope of subjective and objective applicability of the judicial settlement by identifying them, as for the first, in the commercial entrepreneur, and therefore, as can be dees from art. 1, in those who exercise, even for non-profit, a commercial or artisan activity, operating as a natural person, legal person or other collective entity, group of people or public company, with the exclusion of the State and public qualified bodies by law.