Goldman Note18 Mar 2020 10:26
While it is tempting to view the COVID-19 oil demand shock and the oil ‘price war’ as separate events, we like to emphasize that OPEC+ pursuing a market share strategy is simply a second-order effect of the virus made possible by extremely weak demand, pushing the market far down the global supply curve. With oil demand down almost 5 million b/d at the time, a production cut was not economically feasible. In contrast, with nearly 3.5 million b/d of OPEC+ spare capacity, the demand shock plus their spare
Exhibit 4: COVID-19 will cut 8m b/d from global oil demand at its peak
Impact on global oil demand from COVID-19 (kb/d); highest monthly average is 7m b/d despite a peak of 8m b/d at the end of March
Exhibit 5: Liquidity constraints are creating volatility in markets like gold
-7,000-6,000-5,000-4,000-3,000-2,000-1,0000JanFebMarAprMayJunOECD (kb/d)China (kb/d)Other EM (kb/d)Total
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%2000200220042006200820102012201420162018Gold 1 week ATM implied volCurrent level
Source: Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
Source: Bloomberg, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research
17 March 2020
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capacity was now enough output to entirely undercut the 7.7 million b/d of total shale output – an opportunity OPEC has not had since 2012. With Iran, Libya and Venezuela all offline there was no longer the risk that production increases would simply offset these loses. However, even without the demand shock, the production cuts from late 2016 have been a disruptive policy error, costing not only OPEC $220 billion per year in lost market share, but also energy equity shareholders over a trillion dollars as it created an unsustainable future for the energy industry with inefficient companies continuing to operate (see Exhibit 6). Specifically, OPEC cut 4.4 million b/d (1.8 excluding Venezuela and Iran) which generated a 5.7 million b/d supply response, of which 5.0 million b/d was from shale.