continued...11 Apr 2023 13:16
The Obi island operation is now one of three producing HPAL outfits, and more are in the pipeline, with nearly $20 billion of further projects announced. Next month, Harita plans to go public on the Jakarta exchange. Shares have been priced at the top of the range, giving it a market value of more than $5 billion.
Until this new generation, HPAL was known mostly for cost overruns and delays. Mining giant Vale SA experienced both before opening its plant in Goro, New Caledonia, in 2010; it’s never produced beyond 70% capacity. Chemical spills and protests by pro-independence activists in the French territory disrupted production, and Vale eventually sold its stake.
This time, Harita says, is different — thanks to China.
“China has done with HPAL in Indonesia what they did with nickel pig iron in China 20 years ago,” said Angela Durrant, principal nickel analyst at Wood Mackenzie Ltd. “It’s like teaching a child something new again and again — and suddenly they get it. Then they run with it, they catapult onward. This is what Indonesia is doing with China’s technology.”
Apart from Harita’s operation, other new arrivals include a venture combining Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co., CMOC Group and Tsingshan Holding Group Co. — Huayue Nickel Cobalt — which has built a $1.6 billion plant on the island of Sulawesi. GEM Co. has backed a separate $1.6 billion facility nearby, QMB New Energy Materials, with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd’s Brunp unit and Tsingshan again.
The world’s largest nickel producer, Tsingshan had a prominent role in last year’s historic market squeeze. But it’s also known for its large-scale use of low-cost nickel pig iron that disrupted the stainless steel supply chain two decades ago. It then shocked the market again in 2018 by announcing a $700 million plan to produce battery-grade nickel in Indonesia at breakneck speed. It missed initial targets but still beat legacy rivals by years.
The results of the Indonesian revolution are visible. Mining majors producing high-end nickel have traditionally focused on sulfide ores, but today, low-grade ores that were once fit only for stainless steel are now suitable for wider use. HPAL uses material with as little as 0.9% nickel, and the cost — crucially — is manageable. It costs Harita $5,225 for a ton of nickel content using HPAL, 48% less than with traditional electric-furnace smelters, according to AME Research.
The process also yields a cobalt bonus, another key material for batteries, and the spate of investment has made Indonesia the largest source of cobalt outside of Africa.