RE: Tonight’s press conference8 Dec 2021 22:40
Ivy,
There will undoubtedly be an immune response against the vector - as a foreign body within the patient, it is highly likely that the patient develops an immune response targetting the vector. Obviously many adenovirus strains may be deployed, but it is a phenomenon that is seen with this type of vaccine delivery system. There are ways this can be minimised through things like surface engineering, but it still is a possibility which isn't faced with other delivery mechanisms.
Some of the older papers on this saw that when an adenovirus vector was delivered intramuscularly, a neutralising antibody response peaked between two to three weeks after delivery. Interesting, this neutralising effect was only prohibitive of successful delivery when delivered intravenously not intramuscularly. One of the other things that is a compounding factor is background anti-adenovirus immunity. Hence why generally the viruses used are non-human as there is then limited chance of there being pre-existing immunity.
Slightly different target, but the same goes for oncolytic virus therapy. Repeated cycles of enadenotucirev (a group B adenovirus) was conducted in clinical trials. This found that activity of the virus was lower with each repeat cycle (https://jitc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40425-019-0510-7) 'However, the virus activity was lower at cycle 2 than cycle 1 and declined further by cycle 3, suggesting that the overall affinity of the antibody response might be increasing, leading to an increase in overall neutralizing activity. However, it is not known whether, or to what extent these antibodies may interfere with virus delivery to and activity within tumors.'