Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-1922 May 2024 23:11
Of note, in the majority of randomized controlled trials evaluating IFN-I as a candidate COVID-19 therapeutic, IFN-I has been administered as a subcutaneous injection. Three clinical trials to date, however, have tested inhaled nebulized IFNβ-1a. Two of these trials were conducted in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and showed that treatment with inhaled nebulized IFNβ-1a (SNG001) resulted in greater odds of improvement, faster recovery, and reduced progression to severe disease or death, respectively (126, 127). The third trial was conducted in COVID-19 outpatients, and no differences in time to symptom improvement or viral clearance were noted between SNG001 and placebo groups. However, a trend in lower hospitalizations was observed in patients treated with SNG001 [86% relative risk reduction (P = 0.07)] (128). These three studies highlight the need for additional research into the effect of the route of administration/site of drug delivery not just for IFN-I but for all COVID-19 candidate therapeutics. In particular, given that SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus, efforts should focus on evaluating nasal and oral inhalation routes to promote drug distribution to the respiratory mucosa.
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.01204-23