RE: The TIMES22 Feb 2022 17:27
Trafigura and Vitol both have stakes in a controversial Arctic oil project run by Rosneft, and are big traders of Russian oil. Geneva-based Gunvor also lifts Russian crude while Glencore owns 10.55 per cent of EN+, the hydropower and metals group formerly controlled by Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska, as well as a small stake in Rosneft.
The state-backed oil producer has been under US and EU sanctions since 2014 when Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine.
The measures were designed to ensure Rosneft could still export oil and gas but stymie its future growth. It did that by blocking the energy producer’s access to western financing with a maturity longer than 90 days, and its access to technology and personnel needed for certain exploration activities.
Rosneft chief executive Igor Sechin was also targeted with individual sanctions that prevent US nationals or entities from dealing with him.
As a result, BP, for example, was still able to collect $2.4bn in dividends from Rosneft last year and chief executive Bernard Looney has continued to sit on the Rosneft board.
Brian O’Toole, a former sanctions expert at the US Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, said the thrust of any new energy-related sanctions was likely to be similar, and that “any significant sanctions on Gazprom and Rosneft that affect the current supply” were unlikely.
Instead, sanctions might target midstream infrastructure such as pipelines or downstream businesses such as Russian trading houses, O’Toole added. “Things like that may be more palatable and might not have an impact on current production but would send something of a message that the energy sector is not completely untouchable.”
US President Joe Biden last week suggested the most severe sanctions would target Russia’s largest financial institutions. Such measures — like eventually blocking Russia from international payments network Swift — would be unlikely to prevent western companies from taking or making payment for energy supplies but would make it more difficult for groups such as BP or Shell to operate, said O’Toole, now a non-resident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council think-tank in Washington.
Helima Croft, global head of commodity strategy at RBC Capital Markets, said the Biden administration continued to stress it would not directly target Russian energy exports but that some measures under consideration could make it “challenging” for international oil companies. “These measures are apparently not at the top of the implementation list but could be included in the second or third round of punitive measures,” she said in a note.
BP, Shell and Exxon declined to comment. In an interview with the FT this month, Looney said BP would only worry about new sanctions if and when they materialised. “Let’s see what happens. There are sanctions today, we comply with sanctions and we will continue to do so.”
Trafigura, Vitol, Glencore and Gunvor all declined to comment.
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