Charles Jillings, CEO of Utilico, energized by strong economic momentum across Latin America. Watch the video here.
And from the ITR. (should've looked there first)
"The recent drilling campaigns undertaken by PRD (MOU-1, MOU-3 & MOU-4) are interpreted to indicate two possible scenarios are active in the Guercif with a widespread deep thermogenic petroleum system relating to Early Jurassic shales positioned beneath a younger less established biogenic gas system developed in the Tortonian shales with both indicated in Figure 5 RHS."
'Source rocks of the Miocene are not expected to be mature for generating thermogenic oil and gas in Guercif, however biogenic systems driven by methanogenic bacterial activity can operate up to 75°C (Clayton 1992) which is almost perfectly matched with the Miocene down hole temperature profiles encountered in MOU-1 and MOU-3. Rapid burial rates in the order of many hundreds of metres per million years during the Tortonian are also seen as being advantageous to the development of biogenic sourcing, enabling sediments to attain burial beneath aerobic and sulfate reducing zones with a greater proportion of organic matter preserved and available for methanogens to use as a nutrient supply"
Diagram on page 17 is helpful.
The Levantine geological basin was formed in several main tectonic stages, and early Mesozoic rifting led to the shaping of a large graben and horst system, stretching across the onshore and offshore Levant Basin. The basin is infilled by post-rift tertiary sedimentation.
Reservoirs within the basin mainly contain Mesozoic and Paleogene sandstones, near-shore marine and submarine sandstones and Jurassic and Cretaceous shelf-margin carbonates.
The Oligo-Miocene reservoir rocks at the Leviathan field are deepwater slope and fan sandstones sealed by sedimentary rocks of the mid to late Miocene age and Messinian age salt. Natural gas at the Leviathan field was found in several sub-salt Miocene intervals.
As per the US Geological Survey’s estimates, the entire Leviathan Basin holds a mean approximation of 1.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil and a mean of 122tcf of recoverable gas.
The Leviathan gas field is estimated to hold proven and probable gas reserves of 16.27tcf and condensate reserves of 35.8 million barrels.
Source https://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/leviathan-gas-field-levantine-israel/?cf-view
Leviathan
"if the gas is thermogenic, then the chance of deeper thermogenic oil potential could be reduced or even excluded, while biogenic gas would leave an opportunity open for deeper thermogenic systems which could include oil. Publicly available knowledge is developing quickly and it is now accepted that the gas that has been discovered so far in fields such as Tamar and Leviathan is of biogenic origin. As a result, exploration for deeper thermogenic systems is now under way."
The Messinian Salinity Crisis resulted in:
1. Pressure drop at surface, propagated deep into the subsurface
2. Temperature increase at surface, propagated into the subsurface (attenuation with depth)
3. Rapid salt deposition
Likely impact on the petroleum systems:
1.Shallow biogenic system (first 1000m)
2. more fluids in reduced pore space
3. Fracturing and gas leakage
4. Deeper biogenic system conserved (Tamar, Leviathan, Aphrodite)
5. Speculative deep petroleum systems are more likely to be preserved
Source: Assessment of Controlling Factors in Mixed Biogenic and Thermogenic Petroleum Systems – A Case Study from the Levantine Basin. Bjorn Wygrala et al
I don't think the biogenic necessarily has to be newer although generally it is.
From my understanding it could've been formed when those layers were shallower and then was sealed off.
I've got an itch pointing towards messinian salinity crisis.
Methanogenesis in hypersaline environments is determined by redox potential and permanency of anaerobic conditions, and by the concentration of other terminal electron acceptors, particularly sulfate, because sulfate-reducing bacteria have a greater affinity than methanogens for competitive substrates like hydrogen and acetate. Hypersalinity, however, is not an obstacle to methanogenesis; in many cases it provides higher concentrations of non-competitive substrates like methylamines, which derive from compatible solutes such as glycine-betaine that is synthesized by many microbes inhabiting hypersaline environments. Also, depletion of sulfate, as may occur in deeper sediments, allows increased methanogenesis
No idea how this fits in. Paul should do an interview.
Sefton we all agree death threats are dispicable and have no place in society. I'm sorry grh is having to go through that.
However telling another poster to be put down is also not on.
Let's not forget our own standards.
"Seven gas samples collected in isotubes in MOU-3 whilst drilling at measured depths of 446, 508, 555, 750, 817, 846 and 1395."
"Gas composition is in the range 98.04 to 99.57% methane" dry gas.
A range of 1km and only 1.5% variation in methane concentration. That's impressive.
High pressure and high concentrations.
Biogenic part. From what I've researched the methane is formed early on in shallow depth before lots of compaction. A great seal is required early on. Finding it at multiple layers going down to 1.4km is intriguing.
Curious to know others view on it.
Av
In their defence the last RNS did nothing to change what we have. The reserves remain the same.
What's changed is we know for sure small explosive guns won't work.
It was a risk of drilling high pressure formations using very heavy mud to prevent a blowout. If we had a blowout and lost the well that would be much worse.
The board is "very confident" sandjet will work.
Admittedly I overreacted too, partly due to all the hype. However after researching the issue, it's not a big deal.
Paul should do an interview to elaborate on the RNS.
Gudin they wouldn't need to mention that as we'll never know.
A third party said it would be sufficient, it wasn't which they mentioned.
The original plan was sandjet due to what they already know about the formation.
"In order to carry out Phase 1 rigless testing, conventional 111/16" perforating guns, being the only option available at the time to allow Phase 1 rigless testing to commence before 5 February"
Contract is a contract.
Gudin
Sure I blame Paul for the delays. However at some stage he knew sandjet wasn't going to be ready in time so had to use explosives. Then typical of prd he couldn't source the right guns leaving him no choice but to use the small guns or be in breach of ammendment 3.
It's frustrating but he had no choice at the time. I'm hoping it's a wake up call for the board. Things need to move along quicker.
Considering we used heavy muds and the formation damage is more extensive than we thought. Does that mean the porosity/permeability is possibly higher than predicted? Therfore potentially higher flow rates.
If we got the formation pressure wrong, am i correct in thinking that would show up quickly during drilling?
Does this mean the result from the wirelines logs and nutech analysis were limited by the damage and would've been better?
Page 58 concludes
"Perforating beyond the formation damage will be the greatest challenge"
Page 48
"Sandjet allows delivery of a greater number and depth of perforation well suited to thin and finely laminated turbidite reservoir which are not well suited to conventional perforation technologies which deliver a limited number of shallow perforations which can conceivably all line up with shale rather than sands or fail to reach undamaged target formations."
So the fact we knew and still used small guns confirms it was just to satisfy the testing deadline.
I've had a run through sdx and sound rns. There's no precedent of ONHYM being less than helpful and so granting of the 4th extension should be a formality
Although this setback is frustrating a guess its just another delay to sandjet testing as originally planned.
BTW
1TB is 1000gb.
A large image is 20mb, 1gb fits 50 large images/diagrams.
1tb fits 50,000 images and or diagrams. 2tb 100,000 images.
Text files take up hardly any data.
For example the recent ITR was 8mb. 1TB is 125000 more data.
Keith pointed put earlier.
The gas was biogenic instead of thermogenic.
From Google,
"Biogenic gas is generated at low temperatures by decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms. More than 20% of the world’s discovered gas reserves are of biogenic origin. A higher percentage of gases of predominantly biogenic origin will be discovered in the future. Biogenic gas is an important target for exploration because it occurs in geologically predictable circumstances and in areally widespread, large quantities at shallow depths"
Long day but mou4 is updip? So if biogenic gas is at at mou3 and the reservoir is laterally connected from the wireline logs and nutech analysis. Would mou 4 have more of this biogenic gas? We know they're targeting thicker reservoir at mou4.
Again not my expertise.