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(b) Completion of diligence – During this period, the potential buyer circulates a diligence list requesting certain
documents from the target, including, among other matters, corporate formation documents, financing documents, key
commercial contracts and a description of the intellectual property portfolio. The target typically provides this information in
a virtual data room organized in folders that correspond to the requests in the buyer's list. This is the stage when the
potential buyer is looking for skeletons in the closet that may impact the purchase price, result in closing conditions being
added and special indemnities negotiated.
(c) Population of disclosure schedules – The definitive document will contain pages of representations and
warranties about the operation of the company (such as that it has no ongoing lawsuits or that it is not in breach of any of its
material contracts), and if these representations are found to be untrue after closing, the potential buyer of a private company
may have an indemnification claim. The disclosure schedules are designed to qualify these representations and warranties.
5. Signing
After the definitive agreement and the forms of certain important ancillary agreements are agreed upon, the documents are
signed. Closing may occur simultaneously or, if certain actions must be taken prior to closing (such as obtaining government
approvals or obtaining consents to assignments of key agreements), on a later date.
6. Pre-closing period
If there is a period between signing and closing, the target and the buyer will prepare all closing deliverables and satisfy all
closing conditions (eg, obtaining government approvals and third-party consents, getting key employees to sign employment
agreements with the buyer). The length of the pre-closing period can vary, depending on the closing conditions that need to
be satisfied.
7. Closing
When all the closing conditions are satisfied, the deal is ready to close and funds are exchanged. This is the moment when the
transaction actually occurs.
8. Post-closing
After a deal closes, the buyer goes into full-scale integration of your business and all this entails. As you consider your next
move, pay your taxes, make an estate plan if not already done and thank the people around you who helped you along the
way.